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1. 发明授权

US06778236B1 Reflective liquid crystal strain gauge with aspected particles and polarization-sensitive devices 失效
标题翻译：反射型液晶应变计，带有极化颗粒和偏振敏感元件
公开(公告)号：US06778236B1
公开(公告)日：2004-08-17
申请号：US09584875
申请日：2000-06-01
申请人： Gregory P. Crawford , Darran R. Cairns , Christopher C. Bowley , Sorasak Danworaphong , Adam K. Fontecchio , Sadeg M. Faris , Le Li
发明人： Gregory P. Crawford , Darran R. Cairns , Christopher C. Bowley , Sorasak Danworaphong , Adam K. Fontecchio , Sadeg M. Faris , Le Li
IPC分类号： G02F11333
CPC分类号： G01B11/165 , G01B11/18 , G01L1/241 , G02F1/13342
摘要： A reflective strain gauge includes an holographically-formed polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) film comprising layers of liquid crystal (LC) droplets in a matrix polymer, the H-PDLC film having a reflection or transmission grating capable of reflecting or transmitting light of a selected wavelength, and means for adhering the film to a surface of a workpiece for monitoring the strain at said surface. A change in the nature of the reflected light is an indication of strain. Also included is a polarizing material having an holographically-formed polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) film comprising layers of liquid crystal (LC) droplets in a matrix polymer, the H-PDLC film having a reflection grating capable of reflecting light of a selected wavelength, wherein the reflection grating of the H-PDLC film is oriented, such that the refractive index parallel to said axis of orientation (ne) is greater than the refractive index perpendicular to said axis (no).
摘要翻译：反射应变计包括在基质聚合物中包含液晶（LC）液滴层的全息形成的聚合物分散液晶（H-PDLC）膜，该H-PDLC膜具有能够反射或透射光的反射或透射光栅以及用于将膜粘附到工件的表面以用于监测所述表面处的应变的装置。反射光的性质的变化表明了应变。还包括具有在基质聚合物中包含液晶（LC）液滴层的全息形成的聚合物分散液晶（H-PDLC）膜的偏振材料，所述H-PDLC膜具有能够反射光的反射光栅选择的波长，其中H-PDLC膜的反射光栅被定向，使得平行于所述取向轴（ne）的折射率大于垂直于所述轴线（no）的折射率。

2. 发明授权

US06538775B1 Holographically-formed polymer dispersed liquid crystals with multiple gratings 失效
标题翻译：具有多个光栅的全息形成的聚合物分散液晶
公开(公告)号：US06538775B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-25
申请号：US09398964
申请日：1999-09-16
申请人： Christopher C. Bowley , Adam K. Fontecchio , Jaujeng Lin , Gregory P. Crawford , Sadeg M. Faris , Le Li
发明人： Christopher C. Bowley , Adam K. Fontecchio , Jaujeng Lin , Gregory P. Crawford , Sadeg M. Faris , Le Li
IPC分类号： G03H102
CPC分类号： G03H1/28 , G02B5/203 , G02B5/32 , G02F1/13342 , G03H1/0236 , G03H1/0248 , G03H1/04 , G03H1/265 , G03H2001/2231 , G03H2223/12 , G03H2223/18 , G03H2260/12 , G03H2260/33
摘要： A multicolored reflection liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates having a reflective holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) film disposed therebetween. The H-PDLC film contains at least two different reflection gratings capable of reflecting two different wavelengths of light. A multicolored reflection H-PDLC is obtained by simultaneously illuminating a plurality of regions of a film comprised of a mixture of a liquid crystal and a photo-polymerizable monomer with a plurality of holographic light patterns capable of providing liquid crystal layers of different spacings so as to obtain different reflection gratings in each of the regions. A mask is placed between each of the laser light beams and the film to form a pattern of light and dark regions on the film. Each mask is positioned such that at least one light region of a first beam pair coincides with at least one dark region of a second beam pair within the film. A multiple grating liquid crystal display device including an H-PDLC film having a first region comprising liquid crystal and matrix polymer layers forming a transmission grating and a second region comprising liquid crystal and matrix polymer layers forming a reflection grating capable of reflecting a preselected wavelength of light also is described.
摘要翻译：多彩反射液晶显示装置包括一对基板，其具有设置在其间的反射全息聚合物分散液晶（H-PDLC）膜。 H-PDLC膜包含能够反射两种不同波长的光的至少两种不同的反射光栅。通过同时用能够提供不同间隔的液晶层的多个全息光图案同时照射由液晶和可光聚合单体的混合物组成的膜的多个区域来获得多色反射H-PDLC，从而以在每个区域中获得不同的反射光栅。在每个激光束和膜之间放置掩模以在膜上形成光和暗区域的图案。每个掩模被定位成使得第一光束对的至少一个光区与膜内的第二光束对的至少一个暗区重合。一种多光栅液晶显示装置，包括具有包括液晶的第一区域和形成透射光栅的基质聚合物层的H-PDLC膜，以及包含液晶的第二区域和形成能够反射预选波长的反射光栅的基质聚合物层光也被描述。

3. 发明授权

US5867240A Liquid crystal cell constructed to produce a highly anisotropic light distribution possessing extremely high contrast around a narrow meridian 失效
标题翻译：构造成产生高度各向异性的光分布的液晶单元在窄子午线周围具有极高的对比度
公开(公告)号：US5867240A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-02
申请号：US764543
申请日：1996-12-12
申请人： Gregory P. Crawford , Thomas G. Fiske , Louis D. Silverstein
发明人： Gregory P. Crawford , Thomas G. Fiske , Louis D. Silverstein
IPC分类号： G02F1/1335 , G02F1/13363 , G02F1/1333
CPC分类号： G02F1/133634 , G02F1/133526
摘要： A transmissive, backlit color twisted-nematic or super-twisted-nematic liquid crystal display employing a front fiber-optic faceplate or optical equivalent as a front retaining element of a liquid crystal cell that increases viewing angle between the display and a viewer while minimizing or eliminating undesirable variations in luminance, contrast ratio and chromaticity is described. The fiber-optic faceplate or optical equivalent includes cylindrical optical features and interstitial cladding material of greater optical index than the cylindrical optical features. The interstitial cladding material may include an opaque mask blocking layer to prevent the interstitial apertures from diffracting off-axis light into an observer's viewing cone. In particular the liquid crystal display includes dual negative retarders, and a light shaping element such as a brightness enhancing film on the illumination source that increase the effective viewing angle between the display and a viewer while minimizing undesirable variations in display chromaticity, luminance, and contrast ratio. The front fiber-optic faceplate or optical equivalent works in conjunction with the dual negative retarders and the light shaping element to provide an improved contrast ratio with a perfectly symmetric viewing angle and to eliminate grey scale inversions.
摘要翻译：使用前光纤面板或光学等效物作为液晶单元的前保持元件的透射式背光彩色扭曲向列或超扭曲向列型液晶显示器，其使显示器和观看者之间的视角最小化或描述了消除不需要的亮度，对比度和色度的变化。光纤面板或光学等效物包括具有比圆柱形光学特征更大的光学折射率的圆柱形光学特征和间隙包层材料。间隙包覆材料可以包括不透明掩模阻挡层，以防止间隙孔将离轴光衍射到观察者的观察锥体中。特别地，液晶显示器包括双负极延迟器和照明源上的亮度增强膜之类的光整形元件，其增加显示器和观看者之间的有效视角，同时最小化显示色度，亮度和对比度的不期望的变化比。前面的光纤面板或光学等效物与双负极延迟器和光成形元件结合起来，以提供具有完美对称视角的改善的对比度并且消除灰度反转。

4. 发明申请

US20120015338A1 Active Cutaneous Technology 审中-公开
标题翻译：活性皮肤技术
公开(公告)号：US20120015338A1
公开(公告)日：2012-01-19
申请号：US13245367
申请日：2011-09-26
申请人： Gregory P. Crawford , Gregory D. Jay
发明人： Gregory P. Crawford , Gregory D. Jay
IPC分类号： G09B23/28
CPC分类号： G09B23/30
摘要： Active cutaneous technology to emulate the cutaneous characteristics of skin in medical training and other applications. Skin color changes are implemented with paint-on, electrically tunable, reflecting material that can conform to a mold, such as a manikin body or consumer product, and will enable the device to simulate skin. For example, skin colors associated with bruises, blue skin or cyanosis, redness from carbon monoxide poisoning or over radiation, and yellow skin from jaundice. Skin texture changes (e.g., goosebumps, rashes, and poxes) are established using tunable topological polymer films that grow in predetermined directions. Hair-raising, or piloerections, are accomplished with polymer-MEMS with varying thermal expansion coefficients on either side of a hair fiber due to ansiotropic molecular alignment. These technologies are integrated, addressable and programmable through a control system.
摘要翻译：有效的皮肤技术，可以模拟皮肤在医学训练和其他应用中的皮肤特征。皮肤颜色的变化是通过油漆，电可调谐的反射材料实现的，其可以符合模具，例如人体模型或消费者产品，并且将使装置能够模拟皮肤。例如，与瘀伤，蓝色皮肤或发colors相关的皮肤颜色，一氧化碳中毒或过度辐射引起的红肿以及黄疸黄色皮肤。使用在预定方向上生长的可调节拓扑聚合物膜来建立皮肤纹理变化（例如，鹅肝，皮疹和痘痘）。由于引起分子对准，毛发纤维的任一侧的聚合物-MEM具有不同的热膨胀系数，从而可以实现提毛或起毛。这些技术通过控制系统集成，可寻址和可编程。

5. 发明授权

US5726730A Optical equivalents of fiber optic face plates using reactive liquid crystals and polymers 失效
标题翻译：使用反应性液晶和聚合物的光纤面板的光学等效性
公开(公告)号：US5726730A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-10
申请号：US769388
申请日：1996-12-19
申请人： Gregory P. Crawford , Thomas G. Fiske , Louis D. Silverstein
发明人： Gregory P. Crawford , Thomas G. Fiske , Louis D. Silverstein
IPC分类号： G02B6/08 , G02B6/13 , G02F1/13 , G02B6/04 , G02B6/16
CPC分类号： G02B6/08 , G02B6/13 , G02F1/13
摘要： Methods for making plates which have columnar features approximately in the direction of light propagation which are capable of total internal reflection, a controllable numeric aperture (NA) at input and output surfaces, rotational azimuthal averaging and translation of the object plane from a back surface of the plate to a front surface of the plate and are optical equivalent of a FOFP. These plates are made from a range of materials including a variety of monomer or polymer networks. The resultant plates contain adjacent areas with differing refractive indices which result in a substrate containing a plurality of cylindrical features whose boundaries are defined by a discontinuity of refractive indices wherein the index of refraction within the cylindrical features is greater than the index of refraction at the boundaries and external to the cylindrical features.
摘要翻译：制造具有近似于能够全内反射的光传播方向的柱状特征的板的方法，在输入和输出表面处的可控数值孔径（NA），旋转方位平均和物平面从背面的平移该板到板的前表面并且是FOFP的光学等效物。这些板由一系列材料制成，包括各种单体或聚合物网络。所得到的板包含具有不同折射率的相邻区域，其导致包含多个圆柱形特征的基底，其边界由折射率不连续性限定，其中圆柱形特征内的折射率大于边界处的折射率并且在圆柱形特征之外。

6. 发明授权

US06294109B1 Ferroelectric and electroclinic liquid crystal materials with sub-ambient temperature stability, broad operation range, and fast dynamic response 失效
标题翻译：铁电和电子液晶材料具有亚环境温度稳定性，操作范围广，动态响应快
公开(公告)号：US06294109B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-25
申请号：US08489920
申请日：1995-06-13
申请人： Banahalli R. Ratna , Ranganathan Shashidhar , Jawad Naciri , Gregory P. Crawford , Joel M. Schnur
发明人： Banahalli R. Ratna , Ranganathan Shashidhar , Jawad Naciri , Gregory P. Crawford , Joel M. Schnur
IPC分类号： C09K1920
CPC分类号： C09K19/406 , C07C205/37 , C07C205/42 , C07C205/43 , C07F7/0838
摘要： A new class of mesogenic compounds has the formula: where R1 is an ester (—COO—) group; R2 is H, NO2, CN, F, or Cl; R3 is H, CH2═CH, or (CH3)3Si; k is 1 or 2; q is 0 or 1; m is from 2 to 16; n is from 2 to 12; r is from 0 to n−1 (but not greater than 3 or 4); s=1 when r=0, s=0 when r≠0; x is from 0 to 4; and * denotes the position of a chiral carbon. Compounds within this class will have a smectic A* phase, and in some cases a smectic C* phase. Mixtures including one or more of these mesogenic compounds will be useful for a variety of applications.
摘要翻译：一类新的介晶化合物具有下式：其中R1是酯（-COO-）基团; R2是H，NO2，CN，F或Cl; R3是H，CH2 = CH或（CH3）3Si; k为1或2; q为0或1; m为2〜16; n为2至12; r为0〜n-1（但不大于3或4）; 当r = 0时s = 1，当r <0时s = 0; x为0〜4; 和*表示手性碳的位置。该类中的化合物将具有近晶A *相，并且在一些情况下具有近晶C *相。包括这些介晶化合物中的一种或多种的混合物可用于各种应用。

7. 发明授权

US5751390A Enhanced off-axis viewing performance of liquid crystal display employing a fiberoptic faceplate in conjunction with dual negative retarders and a brightness enhancing film on the illumination source 失效
标题翻译：使用光纤面板与双负极延迟器结合的液晶显示器的增强的离轴观察性能以及照明源上的亮度增强膜
公开(公告)号：US5751390A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-12
申请号：US764542
申请日：1996-12-12
申请人： Gregory P. Crawford , Thomas G. Fiske , Louis D. Silverstein
发明人： Gregory P. Crawford , Thomas G. Fiske , Louis D. Silverstein
IPC分类号： G02F1/1335 , G02F1/13363 , G06F1/1335 , G06F1/1333
CPC分类号： G02F1/133634 , G02F1/133526
摘要： A transmissive, backlit color twisted-nematic or super-twisted-nematic liquid crystal display employing a front fiber-optic faceplate or optical equivalent as a front retaining element of a liquid crystal cell that increases viewing angle between the display and a viewer while minimizing or eliminating undesirable variations in luminance, contrast ratio and chromaticity is described. The fiber-optic faceplate or optical equivalent includes cylindrical optical features and interstitial cladding material of greater optical index than the cylindrical optical features. The interstitial cladding material may include an opaque mask blocking layer to prevent the interstitial apertures from diffracting off-axis light into an observer's viewing cone. In particular the liquid crystal display includes dual negative retarders, and a light shaping element such as a brightness enhancing film on the illumination source that increase the effective viewing angle between the display and a viewer while minimizing undesirable variations in display chromaticity, luminance, and contrast ratio. The front fiber-optic faceplate or optical equivalent works in conjunction with the dual negative retarders and the light shaping element to provide an improved contrast ratio with a perfectly symmetric viewing angle and to eliminate grey scale inversions.
摘要翻译：使用前光纤面板或光学等效物作为液晶单元的前保持元件的透射式背光彩色扭曲向列或超扭曲向列型液晶显示器，其使显示器和观看者之间的视角最小化或描述了消除不需要的亮度，对比度和色度的变化。光纤面板或光学等效物包括具有比圆柱形光学特征更大的光学折射率的圆柱形光学特征和间隙包层材料。间隙包覆材料可以包括不透明掩模阻挡层，以防止间隙孔将离轴光衍射到观察者的观察锥体中。特别地，液晶显示器包括双负极延迟器和照明源上的亮度增强膜之类的光整形元件，其增加显示器和观看者之间的有效视角，同时最小化显示色度，亮度和对比度的不期望的变化比。前面的光纤面板或光学等效物与双负极延迟器和光成形元件结合起来，以提供具有完美对称视角的改善的对比度并且消除灰度反转。

8. 发明授权

US5978063A Smart spacers for active matrix liquid crystal projection light valves 失效
标题翻译：用于有源矩阵液晶投影光阀的智能隔板
公开(公告)号：US5978063A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-02
申请号：US842586
申请日：1997-04-15
申请人： Gregory P. Crawford , Jackson Ho
发明人： Gregory P. Crawford , Jackson Ho
IPC分类号： G02F1/1339 , G02F1/136 , G02F1/1368
CPC分类号： G02F1/13394 , G02F1/133784
摘要： A liquid crystal display is provided having two substrates. One substrate includes active aperture areas and a non-active area. A spacing layer is provided between the two substrates and includes spacing elements of anisotropic shape and geometry. The anisotropic spacing elements are formed only within the non-active areas of the substrate. A method of manufacturing is also provided including mechanically rubbing the liquid crystal display after the spacing elements are formed on the one substrate.
摘要翻译：提供具有两个基板的液晶显示器。一个基板包括有效开口区域和非有效区域。间隔层设置在两个基板之间，并且包括各向异性形状和几何形状的间隔元件。各向异性间隔元件仅形成在衬底的非有源区域内。还提供了一种制造方法，包括在一个基板上形成间隔元件之后机械地摩擦液晶显示器。

9. 发明申请

US20090029331A1 Active cutaneous technology 审中-公开
标题翻译：主动皮肤科技
公开(公告)号：US20090029331A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-29
申请号：US12157651
申请日：2008-06-12
申请人： Gregory P. Crawford , Gregory D. Jay
发明人： Gregory P. Crawford , Gregory D. Jay
IPC分类号： G09B23/28
CPC分类号： G09B23/30
摘要： Active cutaneous technology to emulate the cutaneous characteristics of skin in medical training and other applications. Skin color changes are implemented with paint-on, electrically tunable, reflecting material that can conform to a mold, such as a manikin body or consumer product, and will enable the device to simulate skin. For example, skin colors associated with bruises, blue skin or cyanosis, redness from carbon monoxide poisoning or over radiation, and yellow skin from jaundice. Skin texture changes (e.g., goosebumps, rashes, and poxes) are established using tunable topological polymer films that grow in predetermined directions. Hair-raising, or piloerections, are accomplished with polymer-MEMS with varying thermal expansion coefficients on either side of a hair fiber due to anisotropic molecular alignment. These technologies are integrated, addressable and programmable through a control system.
摘要翻译：有效的皮肤技术，可以模拟皮肤在医学训练和其他应用中的皮肤特征。皮肤颜色的变化是通过油漆，电可调谐的反射材料实现的，其可以符合模具，例如人体模型或消费者产品，并且将使装置能够模拟皮肤。例如，与瘀伤，蓝色皮肤或发colors相关的皮肤颜色，一氧化碳中毒或过度辐射引起的红肿以及黄疸的黄色皮肤。使用在预定方向上生长的可调节拓扑聚合物膜来建立皮肤纹理变化（例如，鹅肝，皮疹和痘痘）。由于各向异性分子对准，毛发纤维两侧的聚合物-MEM具有不同的热膨胀系数。这些技术通过控制系统集成，可寻址和可编程。

10. 发明授权

US07196758B2 Method of alignment of liquid crystals comprising exposing an alignment material to an interference pattern 有权
标题翻译：包括将对准材料暴露于干涉图案的液晶的对准方法
公开(公告)号：US07196758B2
公开(公告)日：2007-03-27
申请号：US10748562
申请日：2003-12-30
申请人： Gregory P. Crawford , James N. Eakin , Marc D. Radcliffe
发明人： Gregory P. Crawford , James N. Eakin , Marc D. Radcliffe
IPC分类号： G02F1/1337
CPC分类号： G02F1/133788
摘要： A method includes exposing an alignment material to an interference pattern to cause a chemical reaction in the alignment material and exposing the alignment material to a liquid crystal, where the liquid crystal aligns relative to the alignment material based on the interference pattern.
摘要翻译：一种方法包括将对准材料暴露于干涉图案以引起对准材料中的化学反应并将对准材料暴露于液晶，其中液晶基于干涉图案相对于取向材料取向。

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