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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Amplifier topology and method for connecting to printed circuit board traces used as shunt resistors
    • 用于连接到用作分流电阻器的印刷电路板走线的放大器拓扑和方法
    • US07683604B1
    • 2010-03-23
    • US12286627
    • 2008-10-01
    • Gerald W. SteeleEdward Mullins
    • Gerald W. SteeleEdward Mullins
    • G01R1/30
    • G01R1/30G01R1/203
    • An integrated circuit current shunt amplifier (2A) includes an amplifier (9) having a (+) input connected to a first terminal (5A) of a shunt resistor (RSHUNT). An output transistor (24) has a gate coupled to an output of the amplifier, a source coupled to a (−) input of the amplifier, and a drain coupled to a first terminal of an output resistor (ROUT). A gain resistor (RGAIN) is coupled between the (−) input of the amplifier and a second terminal of the shunt resistor. The gain resistor has a temperature coefficient which is essentially the same as that of the shunt resistor. A voltage regulator (26) can be coupled between the second terminal of the shunt resistor and a low-side supply voltage terminal (27) of the amplifier. A charge pump (30) can provide a below-ground voltage on a second terminal of the output resistor. A difference amplifier (31) coupled to the drain and referenced to the below-ground voltage produces an output voltage (Vout) referenced to ground.
    • 集成电路电流分流放大器(2A)包括具有连接到分流电阻器(RSHUNT)的第一端子(5A)的(+)输入的放大器(9)。 输出晶体管(24)具有耦合到放大器的输出的栅极,耦合到放大器的( - )输入的源极和耦合到输出电阻器(ROUT)的第一端子的漏极。 增益电阻(RGAIN)耦合在放大器的( - )输入端和分流电阻的第二端之间。 增益电阻的温度系数基本上与分流电阻的温度系数相同。 电压调节器(26)可以耦合在分流电阻器的第二端子和放大器的低侧电源电压端子(27)之间。 电荷泵(30)可以在输出电阻器的第二端上提供地下电压。 耦合到漏极并参考地下电压的差分放大器(31)产生参考地的输出电压(Vout)。
    • 2. 发明申请
    • AMPLIFIER TOPOLOGY AND METHOD FOR CONNECTING TO PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD TRACES USED AS SHUNT RESISTORS
    • 用于连接到印刷电路板的放大器拓扑学和方法用作分流电阻
    • US20100079132A1
    • 2010-04-01
    • US12286627
    • 2008-10-01
    • Gerald W. SteeleEdward Mullins
    • Gerald W. SteeleEdward Mullins
    • G01R1/30
    • G01R1/30G01R1/203
    • An integrated circuit current shunt amplifier (2A) includes an amplifier (9) having a (+) input connected to a first terminal (5A) of a shunt resistor (RSHUNT). An output transistor (24) has a gate coupled to an output of the amplifier, a source coupled to a (−) input of the amplifier, and a drain coupled to a first terminal of an output resistor (ROUT). A gain resistor (RGAIN) is coupled between the (−) input of the amplifier and a second terminal of the shunt resistor. The gain resistor has a temperature coefficient which is essentially the same as that of the shunt resistor.A voltage regulator (26) can be coupled between the second terminal of the shunt resistor and a low-side supply voltage terminal (27) of the amplifier. A charge pump (30) can provide a below-ground voltage on a second terminal of the output resistor. A difference amplifier (31) coupled to the drain and referenced to the below-ground voltage produces an output voltage (Vout) referenced to ground.
    • 集成电路电流分流放大器(2A)包括具有连接到分流电阻器(RSHUNT)的第一端子(5A)的(+)输入的放大器(9)。 输出晶体管(24)具有耦合到放大器的输出的栅极,耦合到放大器的( - )输入的源极和耦合到输出电阻器(ROUT)的第一端子的漏极。 增益电阻(RGAIN)耦合在放大器的( - )输入端和分流电阻的第二端之间。 增益电阻的温度系数基本上与分流电阻的温度系数相同。 电压调节器(26)可以耦合在分流电阻器的第二端子和放大器的低侧电源电压端子(27)之间。 电荷泵(30)可以在输出电阻器的第二端上提供地下电压。 耦合到漏极并参考地下电压的差分放大器(31)产生参考地的输出电压(Vout)。
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Integrated photodiode/transimpedance amplifier
    • 集成光电二极管/跨阻放大器
    • US5592124A
    • 1997-01-07
    • US494413
    • 1995-06-26
    • Edward MullinsRodney T. BurtWalter B. MeinelR. Mark Stitt, II
    • Edward MullinsRodney T. BurtWalter B. MeinelR. Mark Stitt, II
    • H03F1/08H03F3/08
    • H03F1/08H03F3/08
    • An integrated circuit photodetector includes a transimpedance amplifier including a differential amplifier stage with PNP emitter-coupled transistors and a PNP input transistor which are biased only by base currents of the emitter-coupled transistors, to achieve low input bias current. Low noise operation is achieved by bypass capacitors coupled between the bases and emitters of the input transistors, respectively. A constant current source supplies a current which develops a small pedestal voltage across a resistor to bias the non-inverting input of the transimpedance amplifier so as to avoid nonlinear amplification of low level light signals. A positively biased N-type guard tub surrounds the photodetector, which is formed in a junction-isolated N region on a P substrate, to collect electrons generated in the substrate by deep-penetrating IR light to prevent them from causing amplification errors. In one embodiment, a feedback network includes a resistor connected between the output of a buffer driven by the transimpedance amplifier and an inverting input thereof, and a capacitor connected between the output and inverting input of the transimpedance amplifier to provide low noise, fast settling operation.
    • 集成电路光电检测器包括跨阻抗放大器,其包括具有PNP发射极耦合晶体管的差分放大器级和仅由发射极耦合晶体管的基极电流偏置的PNP输入晶体管,以实现低输入偏置电流。 分别通过耦合在输入晶体管的基极和发射极之间的旁路电容来实现低噪声操作。 恒流源提供电流,该电流在电阻器两端产生小的基座电压,以偏置跨阻放大器的非反相输入,以避免低电平光信号的非线性放大。 正偏置N型保护桶围绕形成在P基板上的结隔离N区域中的光电检测器,以通过深穿透IR光收集在衬底中产生的电子,以防止它们引起放大误差。 在一个实施例中,反馈网络包括连接在由跨阻抗放大器驱动的缓冲器的输出与其反相输入之间的电阻器,以及连接在跨阻放大器的输出和反相输入端之间以提供低噪声,快速稳定操作 。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Current shunt instrumentation amplifier with extended bipolar input common mode range
    • 电流分流仪表放大器,具有扩展双极性输入共模范围
    • US07239204B2
    • 2007-07-03
    • US11136221
    • 2005-05-24
    • David A. GammieEdward MullinsJeffery B. Parfenchuck
    • David A. GammieEdward MullinsJeffery B. Parfenchuck
    • H03F3/45
    • H03F1/34H03F3/45475H03F2200/261H03F2200/513H03F2203/45418H03F2203/45604
    • An amplifier circuit includes first (7A) and second (7B) operational amplifiers connected in a parallel configuration. A first terminal (12) of a first input resistor (5) is coupled to one input of both of the first (7A) and second (7B) amplifiers. A first terminal (15) of a second input resistor (6) is coupled to another input of both of the first (7A) and second (7B) amplifiers. A differential input voltage is applied between the second terminals of the first and second input resistors. The output signals of the first (7A) and second (7B) operational amplifiers are combined to produce an output signal (11AB) representative of feedback currents produced in the first (5) and second (6) input resistors. Upper and lower common mode input voltage ranges associated with the differential input voltage extend substantially above and below the upper and lower supply voltages, respectively, of the amplifier circuit.
    • 放大器电路包括以并联配置连接的第一(7A)和第二(7B)运算放大器。 第一输入电阻器(5)的第一端子(12)耦合到第一(7A)和第二(7B)放大器两者的一个输入端。 第二输入电阻器(6)的第一端子(15)耦合到第一(7A)和第二(7B)放大器的另一个输入端。 差分输入电压施加在第一和第二输入电阻器的第二端子之间。 第一(7A)和第二(7B)运算放大器的输出信号被组合以产生代表在第一(5)和第二输入电阻器(6)中产生的反馈电流的输出信号(11AB)。 与差分输入电压相关联的上,下共模输入电压范围分别大致上升和低于放大器电路的上下电源电压。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Communication on a pilot wire
    • 在导线上进行通讯
    • US08831077B2
    • 2014-09-09
    • US13163513
    • 2011-06-17
    • Badri VaradarajanIl Han KimAnand DabakEdward Mullins
    • Badri VaradarajanIl Han KimAnand DabakEdward Mullins
    • H04B1/38H04B3/54H04L25/49H03K7/08
    • H03K7/08H04B3/54H04B2203/5416H04L25/4902
    • Systems and methods are disclosed for communicating on a pilot wire between Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE) and an Electric Vehicle (EV). The EVSE and EV exchange a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal on the pilot wire to control charging operations of the EV. Data communications may also be transmitted on the pilot wire, such as between transmit and receive modems. The modems transmit communication signals either continuously, without regard to the state of the PWM signal, or only when the PWM is in an off-state. If transmitting while PWM is on, the modem needs a large coupling impedance and/or a large signal injection. To transmit only when the PWM is off, the modem may use a blocking diode in the coupling circuit or may synchronize to the pulses in the PWM signal.
    • 公开了用于在电动车辆服务设备(EVSE)和电动车辆(EV)之间的导线上通信的系统和方法。 EVSE和EV在导线上交换脉宽调制(PWM)信号,以控制EV的充电操作。 数据通信也可以在导线上传输,例如在发射和接收调制解调器之间。 调制解调器连续发送通信信号,而不考虑PWM信号的状态,或仅当PWM处于关闭状态时。 如果在PWM打开时发送,则调制解调器需要大的耦合阻抗和/或大的信号注入。 仅在PWM关闭时传输,调制解调器可以在耦合电路中使用阻塞二极管,或者可以与PWM信号中的脉冲同步。
    • 6. 发明申请
    • Coupling Circuits for Power Line Communication Devices
    • 用于电力线通信设备的耦合电路
    • US20120068784A1
    • 2012-03-22
    • US13229041
    • 2011-09-09
    • Badri VaradarajanEdward Mullins
    • Badri VaradarajanEdward Mullins
    • H01P1/10
    • H04B3/56
    • Coupling circuits for power line communication (PLC) devices are described. In an embodiment, a PLC device may comprise a processor and a coupling circuit coupled to the processor. The coupling circuit may in turn comprise a transmitter path and a receiver path. In some implementations, the transmitter path may include a first amplifier, a first capacitor coupled to the first amplifier, a first transformer coupled to the first capacitor, and a plurality of line interface coupling circuits coupled to the first transformer, where each of the line interface coupling circuits is configured to be connected to a different phase of an electrical power circuit. Meanwhile, the receiver path may include a plurality of capacitors, where each of the plurality of capacitors coupled to a corresponding one of the line interface circuits, a filter network coupled to the plurality of capacitors, and a second amplifier coupled to the filter network.
    • 描述了用于电力线通信(PLC)设备的耦合电路。 在一个实施例中,PLC设备可以包括耦合到处理器的处理器和耦合电路。 耦合电路又可以包括发射机路径和接收机路径。 在一些实现中,发射机路径可以包括第一放大器,耦合到第一放大器的第一电容器,耦合到第一电容器的第一变压器,以及耦合到第一变压器的多个线路接口耦合电路,其中每条线 接口耦合电路被配置为连接到电力电路的不同相位。 同时,接收器路径可以包括多个电容器,其中多个电容器中的每一个耦合到对应的一个线路接口电路,耦合到多个电容器的滤波器网络以及耦合到滤波器网络的第二放大器。
    • 7. 发明申请
    • Communication on a Pilot Wire
    • 飞行员通讯
    • US20120002714A1
    • 2012-01-05
    • US13163513
    • 2011-06-17
    • Badri N. VaradarajanIl Han KimAnand DabakEdward Mullins
    • Badri N. VaradarajanIl Han KimAnand DabakEdward Mullins
    • H03K7/08
    • H03K7/08H04B3/54H04B2203/5416H04L25/4902
    • Systems and methods are disclosed for communicating on a pilot wire between Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE) and an Electric Vehicle (EV). The EVSE and EV exchange a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal on the pilot wire to control charging operations of the EV. Data communications may also be transmitted on the pilot wire, such as between transmit and receive modems. The modems transmit communication signals either continuously, without regard to the state of the PWM signal, or only when the PWM is in an off-state. If transmitting while PWM is on, the modem needs a large coupling impedance and/or a large signal injection. To transmit only when the PWM is off, the modem may use a blocking diode in the coupling circuit or may synchronize to the pulses in the PWM signal.
    • 公开了用于在电动车辆服务设备(EVSE)和电动车辆(EV)之间的导线上通信的系统和方法。 EVSE和EV在导线上交换脉宽调制(PWM)信号,以控制EV的充电操作。 数据通信也可以在导线上传输,例如在发射和接收调制解调器之间。 调制解调器连续发送通信信号,而不考虑PWM信号的状态,或仅当PWM处于关闭状态时。 如果在PWM打开时发送,则调制解调器需要大的耦合阻抗和/或大的信号注入。 仅在PWM关闭时传输,调制解调器可以在耦合电路中使用阻塞二极管,或者可以与PWM信号中的脉冲同步。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Coupling circuits for power line communication devices
    • 用于电力线通信设备的耦合电路
    • US09276638B2
    • 2016-03-01
    • US13229041
    • 2011-09-09
    • Badri VaradarajanEdward Mullins
    • Badri VaradarajanEdward Mullins
    • H01P1/10H04B3/56
    • H04B3/56
    • Coupling circuits for power line communication (PLC) devices are described. In an embodiment, a PLC device may comprise a processor and a coupling circuit coupled to the processor. The coupling circuit may in turn comprise a transmitter path and a receiver path. In some implementations, the transmitter path may include a first amplifier, a first capacitor coupled to the first amplifier, a first transformer coupled to the first capacitor, and a plurality of line interface coupling circuits coupled to the first transformer, where each of the line interface coupling circuits is configured to be connected to a different phase of an electrical power circuit. Meanwhile, the receiver path may include a plurality of capacitors, where each of the plurality of capacitors coupled to a corresponding one of the line interface circuits, a filter network coupled to the plurality of capacitors, and a second amplifier coupled to the filter network.
    • 描述了用于电力线通信(PLC)设备的耦合电路。 在实施例中,PLC设备可以包括耦合到处理器的处理器和耦合电路。 耦合电路又可以包括发射机路径和接收机路径。 在一些实现中,发射机路径可以包括第一放大器,耦合到第一放大器的第一电容器,耦合到第一电容器的第一变压器,以及耦合到第一变压器的多个线路接口耦合电路,其中每条线 接口耦合电路被配置为连接到电力电路的不同相位。 同时,接收器路径可以包括多个电容器,其中多个电容器中的每一个耦合到对应的一个线路接口电路,耦合到多个电容器的滤波器网络以及耦合到滤波器网络的第二放大器。
    • 9. 发明申请
    • Current shunt instrumentation amplifier with extended bipolar input common mode range
    • 电流分流仪表放大器,具有扩展双极性输入共模范围
    • US20060267687A1
    • 2006-11-30
    • US11136221
    • 2005-05-24
    • David GammieEdward MullinsJeffery Parfenchuck
    • David GammieEdward MullinsJeffery Parfenchuck
    • H03F3/45
    • H03F1/34H03F3/45475H03F2200/261H03F2200/513H03F2203/45418H03F2203/45604
    • An amplifier circuit includes first (7A) and second (7B) operational amplifiers connected in a parallel configuration. A first terminal (12) of a first input resistor (5) is coupled to one input of both of the first (7A) and second (7B) amplifiers. A first terminal (15) of a second input resistor (6) is coupled to another input of both of the first (7A) and second (7B) amplifiers. A differential input voltage is applied between the second terminals of the first and second input resistors. The output signals of the first (7A) and second (7B) operational amplifiers are combined to produce an output signal (11AB) representative of feedback currents produced in the first (5) and second (6) input resistors. Upper and lower common mode input voltage ranges associated with the differential input voltage extend substantially above and below the upper and lower supply voltages, respectively, of the amplifier circuit.
    • 放大器电路包括以并联配置连接的第一(7A)和第二(7B)运算放大器。 第一输入电阻器(5)的第一端子(12)耦合到第一(7A)和第二(7B)放大器两者的一个输入端。 第二输入电阻器(6)的第一端子(15)耦合到第一(7A)和第二(7B)放大器两者的另一输入端。 差分输入电压施加在第一和第二输入电阻器的第二端子之间。 第一(7A)和第二(7B)运算放大器的输出信号被组合以产生代表在第一(5)和第二输入电阻器(6)中产生的反馈电流的输出信号(11AB)。 与差分输入电压相关联的上,下共模输入电压范围分别大致上升和低于放大器电路的上下电源电压。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Integrated photodiode/transimpedance amplifier
    • 集成光电二极管/跨阻放大器
    • US5767538A
    • 1998-06-16
    • US728347
    • 1996-10-09
    • Edward MullinsRodney T. BurtWalter B. MeinelR. Mark Stitt, II
    • Edward MullinsRodney T. BurtWalter B. MeinelR. Mark Stitt, II
    • H03F1/08H03F3/08H01L29/74H01L27/148H01L29/768H01L31/111
    • H03F1/08H03F3/08
    • An integrated circuit photodetector includes a transimpedance amplifier including a differential amplifier stage with PNP emitter-coupled transistors and a PNP input transistor which are biased only by base currents of the emitter-coupled transistors, to achieve low input bias current. Low noise operation is achieved by bypass capacitors coupled between the bases and emitters of the input transistors, respectively. A constant current source supplies a current which develops a small pedestal voltage across a resistor to bias the non-inverting input of the transimpedance amplifier so as to avoid nonlinear amplification of low level light signals. A positively biased N-type guard tub surrounds the photodetector, which is formed in a junction-isolated N region on a P substrate, to collect electrons generated in the substrate by deep-penetrating IR light to prevent them from causing amplification errors. In one embodiment, a feedback network includes a resistor connected between the output of a buffer driven by the transimpedance amplifier and an inverting input thereof, and a capacitor connected between the output and inverting input of the transimpedance amplifier to provide low noise, fast settling operation.
    • 集成电路光电检测器包括跨阻抗放大器,其包括具有PNP发射极耦合晶体管的差分放大器级和仅由发射极耦合晶体管的基极电流偏置的PNP输入晶体管,以实现低输入偏置电流。 分别通过耦合在输入晶体管的基极和发射极之间的旁路电容来实现低噪声操作。 恒流源提供电流,该电流在电阻器两端产生小的基座电压,以偏置跨阻放大器的非反相输入,以避免低电平光信号的非线性放大。 正偏置N型保护桶围绕形成在P基板上的结隔离N区域中的光电检测器,以通过深穿透IR光收集在衬底中产生的电子,以防止它们引起放大误差。 在一个实施例中,反馈网络包括连接在由跨阻抗放大器驱动的缓冲器的输出与其反相输入之间的电阻器,以及连接在跨阻放大器的输出和反相输入端之间以提供低噪声,快速稳定操作 。