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1. 发明授权

US5783827A Scanning earth horizon sensor 失效
标题翻译：扫描地平线传感器
公开(公告)号：US5783827A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-21
申请号：US714985
申请日：1996-09-13
申请人： James J. Fallon , Gerald Falbel , Richard W. Rhyins
发明人： James J. Fallon , Gerald Falbel , Richard W. Rhyins
IPC分类号： B64G1/36 , G01C21/02 , G01S3/786 , G01B11/26
CPC分类号： G01C21/025 , B64G1/36 , B64G1/365 , G01S3/7868
摘要： An earth horizon sensor on board an orbiting spacecraft is designed to produce four (4) scans across the earth at geosynchronous altitudes using only two non-visible wavelength (infrared) detectors. The four scans are essentially parallel and permit the earth center to be offset from the null axis of the earth sensor permitting the offset pointing of high gain communication. By providing four scans using only two detectors, components are minimized and reliability is improved. The four scans are generated with only two detectors by using both the front and rear surfaces of a rotating scanning mirror.
摘要翻译：轨道航天器上的地平线传感器被设计为仅在两个不可见波长（红外线）探测器的地球同步高度上产生四（4）次扫描。四个扫描基本上是平行的，并允许地球中心从地球传感器的零轴偏移，允许高增益通信的偏移指向。通过仅使用两个检测器提供四次扫描，将部件最小化并提高可靠性。通过使用旋转扫描镜的前表面和后表面，仅通过两个检测器生成四个扫描。

2. 发明申请

US20100275902A1 Photovoltaic and thermal energy system 审中-公开
标题翻译：光伏和热能系统
公开(公告)号：US20100275902A1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-04
申请号：US12586943
申请日：2009-09-30
申请人： Gerald Falbel
发明人： Gerald Falbel
IPC分类号： F24J2/38 , H01L31/00 , H01L31/052 , F24J2/04 , F24J2/00
CPC分类号： H02S40/44 , F24S10/75 , F24S23/31 , F24S23/80 , F24S30/425 , F24S40/55 , F24S2030/131 , F24S2030/136 , H01L31/0547 , Y02B10/12 , Y02B10/20 , Y02B10/70 , Y02E10/44 , Y02E10/47 , Y02E10/52 , Y02E10/60 , Y02P80/156 , Y02P80/24 , Y02P80/25
摘要： A combined diurnal tracking, concentrator, photovoltaic plus domestic hot water solar thermal system is mountable on flat roof industrial buildings or multi-unit apartment buildings for diurnal tracking, and on pitched roofs of single family residences. The systems are configured to reduce the number of solar cells required for given power output, and increased generated heat by a concentration of the sun's insolation on the solar cells. The increased heat is drawn off by anti-freeze fluid circulated in an aluminum extrusion attached to the solar cells and concentrator reflectors for the dual purpose of providing domestic hot water or space heating and maintaining the solar cells cool to enhance their efficiency.
摘要翻译：昼夜跟踪，集中器，光伏加家庭热水太阳能热系统可安装在平屋顶工业建筑物或多单位公寓楼内进行昼间跟踪，并可安装在单户住宅的屋顶上。这些系统被配置为减少给定功率输出所需的太阳能电池的数量，并且通过太阳能的太阳能日照的集中来增加产生的热量。增加的热量通过连接到太阳能电池和集中器反射器的铝挤压件中循环的防冻液排出，用于提供家用热水或空间加热和维持太阳能电池冷却以提高其效率的双重目的。

3. 发明授权

US5979834A Spacecraft solar power system 失效
标题翻译：航天器太阳能发电系统
公开(公告)号：US5979834A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-09
申请号：US850325
申请日：1997-05-02
申请人： Gerald Falbel
发明人： Gerald Falbel
IPC分类号： B64G1/22 , B64G1/44 , F24S23/70 , H01L31/045 , H01L31/052 , H01L31/042
CPC分类号： B64G1/222 , B64G1/443 , F24J2/10 , H01L31/0543 , H01L31/0547 , H02S30/20 , F24J2002/1014 , Y02E10/40 , Y02E10/52 , Y10S136/292
摘要： A solar power system for orbiting spacecraft includes a collector surface and attached mirror which is retained in a coiled position around the outer surface of the spacecraft in its launch mode. The system is deployed from the orbiting spacecraft by releasing restraining straps and permitting the mirror and attached collector surface to automatically uncoil as a result of the resilient spring characteristics of the mirror. During orbit, the deployed system extends from one side or both sides of the spacecraft such that the mirrored surface faces the sun. Heating pipes are pivotably disposed between the mirror and the collector surface to also function as spacing struts. The collector surface covered with photovoltaic solar cells made of silicon or Gallium Arsenide-Phosphide (GaAsP) in a first embodiment of the invention, can be replaced by a flat heat pipe for conducting heat energy to the input of an external heat engine electric generator in a second embodiment of the invention.
摘要翻译：用于轨道航天器的太阳能发电系统包括收集器表面和附接的反射镜，其在其发射模式下保持在围绕航天器的外表面的盘绕位置。通过释放限制带，从轨道航天器部署系统，由于反射镜的弹性弹簧特性，允许反射镜和附着的收集器表面自动开卷。在轨道运行期间，部署的系统从航天器的一侧或两侧延伸，使得镜面朝向太阳。加热管可枢转地设置在反射镜和收集器表面之间，也用作间隔支柱。在本发明的第一实施例中，由硅或砷化镓 - 磷化物（GaAsP）制成的光伏太阳能电池的收集器表面可以被用于将热能传导到外部热机发电机的输入端的平坦热管本发明的第二实施例。

4. 发明授权

US07106430B2 Airborne search and rescue scanner 失效
标题翻译：机载搜索和救援扫描仪
公开(公告)号：US07106430B2
公开(公告)日：2006-09-12
申请号：US10820300
申请日：2004-04-08
申请人： Gerald Falbel
发明人： Gerald Falbel
IPC分类号： G01B11/26 , G01C1/00
CPC分类号： G01C1/00 , G01S17/74 , G02B27/64
摘要： An airborne search and rescue scanner is provided to locate a missing person wearing a reflector for reflecting laser energy emitted from a scanner in a high speed aircraft. The scanner and reflector combination enable scanning of a large search area in a relatively short time period. The system is designed to prevent false readings, as for example, sun glint reflected by the reflector, or false alarms resulting from reflections from the terrain being searched and not the reflector worn by the missing person. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the active laser scanning system is replaced by a passive infrared scanner by replacing the laser scanner with an infrared detector. In this embodiment, it is not necessary for the missing person to wear a reflector.
摘要翻译：提供了一种机载搜索和救援扫描仪，用于定位穿戴反射器的失踪人员，以反映高速飞行器中扫描仪发射的激光能量。扫描仪和反射器组合使得能够在相对短的时间内扫描大的搜索区域。该系统设计用于防止错误的读数，例如反射器反射的太阳闪光，或者来自正在搜索的地形的反射引起的虚假警报，而不是失踪人员佩戴的反射镜。在本发明的替代实施例中，通过用红外检测器代替激光扫描器来将有源激光扫描系统替换为被动红外扫描器。在本实施例中，失踪人员不必佩戴反射器。

5. 发明授权

US6098929A Three axis attitude readout system for geosynchronous spacecraft 失效
标题翻译：地球同步航天器三轴姿态读数系统
公开(公告)号：US6098929A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-08
申请号：US14506
申请日：1998-01-28
申请人： Gerald Falbel
发明人： Gerald Falbel
IPC分类号： B64G1/36 , G01S5/16
CPC分类号： G01S5/163 , B64G1/361 , B64G1/363 , B64G1/365 , G01S5/16
摘要： A three axis attitude readout system for geosynchronous spacecraft operating at geosynchronous and other orbit altitudes has a two axis sun sensor, a two axis Polaris star tracker, and an infrared single axis earth sensor for use when the sun is behind the earth. The three sensors cooperate with each other such that each sensor has characteristics overcoming inherent weaknesses in the other sensors. The overall system results in a highly accurate three axis readout which could not be achieved by using any of the three sensors alone. The sensor system is designed to be of low weight, low volume and low power consumption.
摘要翻译：在同步和其他轨道高度上运行的地球同步航天器的三轴姿态读数系统具有双轴太阳传感器，双轴Polaris星形跟踪器和红外单轴接地传感器，用于当太阳落在地球后面时。三个传感器彼此配合使得每个传感器具有克服其它传感器中的固有弱点的特征。整个系统产生高精度的三轴读数，这不能仅通过使用三个传感器中的任何一个来实现。传感器系统设计重量轻，体积小，功耗低。

6. 发明授权

US6034319A Immersed photovoltaic solar power system 失效
标题翻译：沉浸式光伏太阳能发电系统
公开(公告)号：US6034319A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-07
申请号：US126505
申请日：1998-07-30
申请人： Gerald Falbel
发明人： Gerald Falbel
IPC分类号： H01L31/052 , H01L25/00
CPC分类号： H01L31/0547 , Y02E10/52
摘要： An immersed solar concentrator system has a concentrator element for directing light rays onto a solar cell. The solar cell has a surrounding reflective surface for reflecting light rays which are not absorbed by the solar cell but strike the reflective surface. The immersion medium, which is disposed between the solar cell and the concentrator element, has a refractive index for reflecting the reflected light rays, by total internal reflection, in a direction towards the solar cell so that at least some of the reflected light rays are absorbed by the solar cell.
摘要翻译：一种浸没的太阳能集中器系统具有用于将光线引导到太阳能电池上的集中器元件。太阳能电池具有用于反射未被太阳能电池吸收但撞击反射表面的光线的周围反射表面。设置在太阳能电池和集中器元件之间的浸没介质具有用于通过全内反射在朝向太阳能电池的方向上反射反射光线的折射率，使得至少一些反射光线为被太阳能电池吸收。

7. 发明授权

US4328421A Horizon sensor 失效
标题翻译：地平线传感器
公开(公告)号：US4328421A
公开(公告)日：1982-05-04
申请号：US124429
申请日：1980-02-25
申请人： Gerald Falbel
发明人： Gerald Falbel
IPC分类号： G01S3/786 , G01S3/789 , G01J1/00
CPC分类号： G01S3/789 , G01S3/7868
摘要： A family of two axis horizon sensors using the same basic scan technique is provided which achieves a relatively wide altitude range with a minimum of moving parts for performing vehicle attitude control and guidance. The horizon sensor for indicating the orientation of a space vehicle senses a line of discontinuity in optical radiation between a reference planet and outer space in at least two planes using a single sensor which includes a single detector means for detecting the optical radiation. The detector is scanned across the line of discontinuity in at least two planes. The scanner includes a rotary element driven by a single motor having at least two stationary reflecting elements positioned therearound. A phase reference signal generator is coupled to the motor and driven in synchronism therewith for generating at least two reference signals at predetermined points in the scan. Electronic circuitry is provided utilizing the reference signals and the signals generated by the detector for measuring rotational intervals between the reference signals and the detector signals for determining the attitude of the sensor in the two mutually perpendicular axes.The stationary reflecting mirrors may be two, three or four in number each of which scans the detector over a different pattern across the planet used as a reference for attitude control. Advantageously, in accordance with the present invention, the family of two axis sensors requires only one sensor head, one scanning motor, one detector all of which are housed in one package.
摘要翻译：提供使用相同基本扫描技术的两轴水平传感器系列，其具有用于执行车辆姿态控制和引导的最小的运动部件的相对较宽的高度范围。用于指示空间车辆的取向的水平传感器使用包括用于检测光辐射的单个检测器装置的单个传感器在至少两个平面中感测参考行星架和外部空间之间的光辐射线。检测器在至少两个平面中的不连续线上扫描。扫描器包括由单个电动机驱动的旋转元件，其具有定位在其周围的至少两个固定反射元件。相位参考信号发生器耦合到电动机并与其同步地驱动以在扫描中的预定点产生至少两个参考信号。使用参考信号和由检测器产生的信号来提供电子电路，用于测量参考信号和检测器信号之间的旋转间隔，以确定传感器在两个相互垂直的轴中的姿态。固定反射镜可以是两个，三个或四个，每个扫描通过跨越用作姿态控制的参考的行星的不同图案扫描检测器。有利地，根据本发明，两轴传感器系列仅需要一个传感器头，一个扫描电机，一个检测器，所有这些都被容纳在一个封装中。

8. 发明申请

US20120167871A1 Photovoltaic and Thermal Energy System With Improved Tracking 审中-公开
标题翻译：光伏和热能系统改进跟踪
公开(公告)号：US20120167871A1
公开(公告)日：2012-07-05
申请号：US12985017
申请日：2011-01-05
申请人： Gerald Falbel
发明人： Gerald Falbel
IPC分类号： F24J2/38 , F24J2/40
CPC分类号： G01S3/7861 , F24S50/20 , H01L31/0547 , H02S20/00 , H02S20/10 , H02S20/24 , H02S20/32 , H02S40/44 , Y02B10/12 , Y02B10/20 , Y02B10/70 , Y02E10/47 , Y02E10/52 , Y02E10/60 , Y02P80/156 , Y02P80/24 , Y02P80/25
摘要： An improved diurnal sun tracking system and methodology for use with a photovoltaic solar collector system mountable on flat roof industrial buildings or multi-unit apartment buildings is provided. The improved tracking system and method rotates or pivots the solar collector system to track the sun during the spring and fall Equinoxes in a first tracking mode, as well as from winter to summer solstices, when the angular rate of the sun's movement does not exactly follow the angular rate at the Equinoxes, in a second tracking mode.
摘要翻译：提供了一种改进的日间太阳跟踪系统和方法，用于可安装在平屋顶工业建筑物或多单元公寓楼上的光伏太阳能收集器系统。改进的跟踪系统和方法旋转或枢转太阳能收集器系统以在春季和秋季期间跟踪太阳，在第一跟踪模式以及冬季到夏至零星期间，当太阳运动的角速率不完全遵循时在Equinoxes的角速度，在第二跟踪模式。

9. 发明授权

US5079419A Horizon sensor compensation for radiance variations 失效
标题翻译：水平传感器补偿辐射变化
公开(公告)号：US5079419A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-07
申请号：US534448
申请日：1990-06-06
申请人： Gerald Falbel
发明人： Gerald Falbel
IPC分类号： G01S3/786
CPC分类号： G01S3/7868
摘要： A horizon sensor scans an infrared detector over the earth's horizon generating first (A) and second (B) signals of finite pulse width representing radiation from the fields of view of the infrared detector as it is scanned across the earth's horizon. Signals (A-B) and (A+B)/3 are derived from the first (A) and second (B) signals. The horizon is detected when a threshold is exceeded when the absolute value (A-B) is less than the absolute value of (A+B)/3 whereby the detected horizon is essentially independent of the radiance variations of the earth's horizon. Sun and moon signals appearing in the field of view of the infrared detector are eliminated based on the smaller pulse width of such signals in comparison with the finite pulse width of the first and second signals. The method of radiance compensation can be implemented using a dual field of view for the infrared detector in a horizon crossing indicator sensor where the scanning of the detector is provided by the rotation of the satellite. In another embodiment, wherein the scanning of a single field of view is provided by a conical scanner in the sensor, the signal is digitized and delayed to provide the dual fields of view in which the horizon is detected in the same manner as the embodiment using two separate detectors with similar beneficial results.
摘要翻译：地平线传感器扫描地球上的地平线上的红外探测器，产生有效脉冲宽度的第一（A）和第二（B）信号，表示当红外探测器沿着地平线扫描时，来自红外探测器视场的辐射。信号（A-B）和（A + B）/ 3从第一（A）和第二（B）信号导出。当绝对值（A-B）小于（A + B）/ 3的绝对值时，超过阈值时检测到水平线，由此检测到的水平线基本上与地球天际线的辐射度变化无关。与第一和第二信号的有限脉冲宽度相比，基于这种信号的较小的脉冲宽度，消除了出现在红外检测器的视野中的太阳和月亮信号。辐射补偿的方法可以使用在水平交叉指示器传感器中的红外检测器的双视野来实现，其中检测器的扫描由卫星的旋转提供。在另一个实施例中，其中单个视野的扫描由传感器中的锥形扫描器提供，该信号被数字化和延迟，以提供与其中使用的实施例相同的方式检测水平线的双视场两个独立的探测器具有类似的有益效果。

10. 发明授权

US4791297A Yaw sensing conical scanner horizon sensor 失效
标题翻译： Yaw感应锥形扫描仪水平传感器
公开(公告)号：US4791297A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-13
申请号：US31436
申请日：1987-03-26
申请人： Robert C. Savoca , Gerald Falbel
发明人： Robert C. Savoca , Gerald Falbel
IPC分类号： G01S3/789 , G01J5/08
CPC分类号： G01S3/789
摘要： A radiation detector is scanned over two fan fields of view by first and second cylindrical lenses spaced about the axis of rotation of a common optical element positioned on the axis of rotation. The optical element is rotated about the optical axis by a motor or the rotation of the orbiting body on which the scanner is mounted. In one form the common optical element is a chisel mirror having the first and second cylindrical lenses positioned on opposite sides thereof and tilted at an angle of 45.degree. with respect to the axis of rotation producing two fan fields which are 180.degree. apart in phase. As an alternative the common optical element may comprise a cylinder having the second cylindrical lens positioned along with a bevelled reflective upper surface for producing a vertical fan field. The cylindrical lenses and common optical element may be incorporated in a conical scanner employing an infrared detector which systems can be combined to produce yaw, pitch, roll, attitude information in a single horizon sensor head.
摘要翻译：通过位于旋转轴线上的公共光学元件的旋转轴线隔开的第一和第二柱面透镜在两个风扇视场上扫描辐射探测器。光学元件通过电动机围绕光轴旋转或者安装有扫描仪的轨道体的旋转。在一种形式中，普通光学元件是凿子镜，其具有位于其相对侧上的第一和第二柱面透镜，并且相对于旋转轴线以45°的角度倾斜，产生相位相差180°的两个扇形场。作为替代，普通光学元件可以包括具有与倾斜的反射上表面一起定位的第二柱面透镜的圆柱体，用于产生竖直扇形场。柱面透镜和普通光学元件可以结合在使用红外检测器的锥形扫描仪中，该系统可以被组合以在单个水平传感器头中产生偏航，俯仰，滚动，姿态信息。

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