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1. 发明授权

US4418661A Glow plug, particularly for diesel engine 失效
标题翻译：辉光插头，特别适用于柴油发动机
公开(公告)号：US4418661A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-06
申请号：US267516
申请日：1981-05-27
申请人： Friedrich Esper , Thomas Frey , Heinz Geier , Gerhard Holfelder , Gunther Knoll
发明人： Friedrich Esper , Thomas Frey , Heinz Geier , Gerhard Holfelder , Gunther Knoll
IPC分类号： F02B3/06 , F23Q7/00 , F23G7/00 , F02P19/02
CPC分类号： F23Q7/001 , F02B3/06
摘要： To decrease the preheat time and power requirements in preheater-type glow plugs for Diesel engines, a closed ceramic tube (20), for example of aluminum oxide and of about 5 mm diameter has, on the bottom (21) thereof applied a layer or film-like heater element (24, 24'), for example in an undulating or zig-zag configuration (FIG. 2) or in form of a constriction or pinch (FIG. 4: 24') to provide a concentrated point or strip source of heat. The heater layer itself is protected by a protective coating (25) and, to provide for the required heat distribution, the underlying bottom (21, 21') of the tube (20, 20') supports an insulating intermediate layer and possibly a heat conductive layer is intermediate. Preheat times in the order of 1-2 seconds, with lower current consumption than prior wound-wire plugs can be obtained.
摘要翻译：为了减少用于柴油发动机的预热器型电热塞中的预热时间和功率要求，其底部（21）上的封闭陶瓷管（例如氧化铝）和约5mm直径的陶瓷管（20）应用一层或膜状加热器元件（24,24'），例如以起伏或锯齿形构造（图2）或收缩或夹紧（图4：24'）的形式提供集中点或条带热源。加热器层本身由保护涂层（25）保护，并且为了提供所需的热分布，管（20,20'）的下面的底部（21,21'）支撑绝缘中间层和可能的热导电层是中间的。可以获得大约1-2秒的预热时间，其电流消耗比现有的缠绕线塞更低。

2. 发明授权

US4334974A Electrochemical oxygen sensor, particularly for use with exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, and especially for polarographic application 失效
标题翻译：电化学氧传感器，特别适用于内燃机废气，尤其适用于极谱应用
公开(公告)号：US4334974A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-15
申请号：US121598
申请日：1980-02-14
申请人： Klaus Muller , Helmut Maurer , Ernst Linder , Franz Rieger , Karl H. Friese , Harald Reber , Hermann Dietz , Hermann Ziener , Friedrich Esper , Gerhard Holfelder
发明人： Klaus Muller , Helmut Maurer , Ernst Linder , Franz Rieger , Karl H. Friese , Harald Reber , Hermann Dietz , Hermann Ziener , Friedrich Esper , Gerhard Holfelder
IPC分类号： G01N27/41 , G01N27/403 , G01N27/406 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/409 , G01N27/413 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/58
CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 , G01N27/4067
摘要： To permit a layer construction, which is inexpensive and lends itself to mass production manufacture, a solid electrolyte body, in plate-like construction, with electrodes at either thereof is positioned in a housing with a portion thereof extending in the region where it is exposed to gases to be sensed; a porous cover is applied on one of the electrodes, the porous cover having a predetermined diffusion resistance to oxygen molecules. A flat insulating plate of approximately the same dimension as the solid electrolyte plate is positioned flat thereagainst, and a flat layer-like electrical heating element is secured on the flat insulating plate or, in other embodiments, against another insulating covering on the other side of the heating element as well, close to the electrodes and adjacent the plane surfaces of the body. The heating element and the electrodes of the sensing element are carried out as conductive tracks for connection to respective sources of operating or biassing potential and, with respect to the sensing electrodes, to an evaluation circuit.
摘要翻译：为了允许廉价的并且适合批量生产制造的层结构，板状结构中的固体电解质体，其中的电极位于壳体中，其一部分在其暴露的区域中延伸对待检测的气体; 在其中一个电极上施加多孔覆盖层，多孔覆盖层对氧分子具有预定的扩散阻力。与固体电解质板大致相同尺寸的平板绝缘板位于平坦的平面上，平板状电加热元件固定在平绝缘板上，或者在其他实施例中固定在另一侧的另一绝缘覆盖物加热元件也靠近电极并且靠近主体的平面。感测元件的加热元件和电极被执行为用于连接到相应的操作或偏置电位源的导电轨道，并且相对于感测电极被执行到评估电路。

3. 发明授权

US4618351A Device for cleaning of gases 失效
标题翻译：清洁气体的装置
公开(公告)号：US4618351A
公开(公告)日：1986-10-21
申请号：US642671
申请日：1984-08-10
申请人： Friedrich Esper , Thomas Frey
发明人： Friedrich Esper , Thomas Frey
IPC分类号： F01N3/02 , B03C3/017 , B03C3/70 , B03C3/74 , F01N3/01 , F01N3/08 , F02B3/06 , B03C3/06
CPC分类号： F01N3/01 , B03C3/0175 , B03C3/70 , B03C2201/12 , F02B3/06 , Y02T10/20 , Y10S55/30
摘要： A device for cleaning of gases of electrically conductive particles, like soot and the like, in particular for cleaning of exhaust gases of fossil fuels, like exhaust gases of Diesel motors and the like, with a coagulator admitted by the gases is suggested, whereby for preventing the formation of a short circuit bridge between electrode and housing of coagulator caused by deposition of agglomerates the insulator which provides for an insulated conduct of electrode through housing is provided with a ring segment at the location where the electrode exits into the inside of the housing extending in axial direction from the insulator, whereby at least one preferable ring like annealing zone is provided thereon. Due to the prevailing temperature of about 450.degree. C. at annealing zone all depositing agglomerates are burned off.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE84 / 00022 Sec。 371日期1984年8月10日 102（e）日期1984年8月10日PCT提交1984年1月27日PCT公布。出版物WO84 / 03332 日本1984年8月30日。一种用于清洁诸如煤烟等的导电颗粒的气体的装置，特别是用于清洁化石燃料的废气（例如柴油发动机等的废气），具有由提出了这样的气体，由此为了防止凝结器的电极和壳体之间形成短路桥，由凝聚物的沉积引起，通过壳体提供电极的绝缘导电的绝缘体在电极的位置处设置有环段从绝缘体向轴向方向离开壳体的内部，由此在其上提供至少一个优选的环状退火区域。由于在退火区域的主要温度为约450℃，所有沉积的附聚物都被烧掉。

4. 发明授权

US4539503A Rapid-heating, high-temperature-stable spark plug for internal combustion engines 失效
标题翻译：用于内燃机的快速加热，高温稳定的火花塞
公开(公告)号：US4539503A
公开(公告)日：1985-09-03
申请号：US435643
申请日：1982-10-21
申请人： Friedrich Esper , Karl-Hermann Friese , Walter Gohl , Peter Sternad
发明人： Friedrich Esper , Karl-Hermann Friese , Walter Gohl , Peter Sternad
IPC分类号： H01T13/16 , H01T13/20 , H01T13/14
CPC分类号： H01T13/16 , H01T13/20
摘要： In order to obviate the necessity for design compromise of spark plugs with respect to their operating temperature, so that the ceramic insulator (18) of the spark plug will rapidly reach the temperature at which deposits thereon will inherently burn off (about 400.degree. C.-450.degree. C.) while not becoming so hot as to cause spurious glow ignition within the combustion chamber of an internal combustion (IC) engine, the end portion of the insulator is formed with a central opening (19/3) within which a metal core (24) is included which has a temperature coefficient of expansion such that, at temperatures below between 400.degree. C.-450.degree. C. it is spaced by a narrow gap (25) from the inner surface of the insulator (see FIG. 1) but, as the spark plug becomes hot, the gap 25 closes (FIG. 2), thereby providing good heat transmission from the insulator to the center electrode structure (21, 23, 24) and thereby maintaining the insulator at a temperature below that at which it might glow. Suitable materials for the center electrode are aluminum bronze, or other materials having a heat transmission characteristic of at least 90 W/mK. The insulator, preferably, has a higher-than-usual flux content so that, at low temperatures, its heat transmission characteristics are poor, to insure rapid heating to free combustion temperature of possible deposits.
摘要翻译：为了避免火花塞相对于其工作温度的设计损害的必要性，使得火花塞的陶瓷绝缘体（18）将快速达到其上沉积物将固有地燃烧的温度（约400℃） -450℃），同时不会变得如此热，从而在内燃（IC）发动机的燃烧室内引起假燃发光，绝缘体的端部形成有中心开口（19/3），在该中心开口包括金属芯（24），其具有温度膨胀系数，使得在低于400℃-450℃的温度下，其间距离绝缘体的内表面的窄间隙（25）（参见图 1），但是当火花塞变热时，间隙25闭合（图2），从而提供从绝缘体到中心电极结构（21,23,24）的良好的热传递，从而将绝缘体保持在温度低于它可能会发光。用于中心电极的合适材料是铝青铜或具有至少90W / mK的热传递特性的其它材料。绝缘体优选具有高于通常的焊剂含量，使得在低温下其传热特性差，以确保快速加热以释放可能的沉积物的燃烧温度。

5. 发明授权

US5194099A Sinter magnet based on Fe-Nd-B 失效
标题翻译：基于FE-ND-B的SINTER MAGNET
公开(公告)号：US5194099A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-16
申请号：US466457
申请日：1990-05-23
申请人： Friedrich Esper , Waldemar Draxler , Gunter Petzow , Andreas Buchel , Klaus-Dieter Durst , Ernst-Theo Henig , Gerhard Schneider , Helmut Kronmuller
发明人： Friedrich Esper , Waldemar Draxler , Gunter Petzow , Andreas Buchel , Klaus-Dieter Durst , Ernst-Theo Henig , Gerhard Schneider , Helmut Kronmuller
IPC分类号： C22C33/02 , C22C32/00 , C22C38/00 , H01F1/057 , H01F1/08
CPC分类号： H01F1/0577 , C22C32/0026
摘要： A sinter magnet based on Fe-Nd-B with improved coercive field strength and reduced temperature dependency thereof consists of 25 to 50 wt. % Nd, 0.5 to 2 wt. % B, 0 to 5 wt. % Al, 0.5 to 3 wt. % O, remainder Fe and usual impurities and has an oxygen content which is adjusted by the addition of oxygen or of oxygen-containing compounds, especially of an Al and/or Nd oxide, before the dense sintering. It is obtainable by the melting together of the pure components with formation of a pre-alloy, pulverisation of the pre-alloy, alignment of the powder in a magnetic field and pressing to a green formed body, sintering at 1040.degree. to 1100.degree. C. and subsequent annealing at 600.degree. to 700.degree. C., whereby one adds the oxygen as Al or Nd oxide or via the grinding and/or sintering atmosphere.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP88 / 00978 Sec。 371日期1990年5月23日 102（e）日期1990年5月23日PCT提交1988年10月28日PCT公布。第WO89 / 05031号公报日期：1989年6月1日。具有改善的矫顽场强度和降低温度依赖性的基于Fe-Nd-B的烧结磁体由25至50wt。％Nd，0.5〜2wt。％B，0至5wt。％Al，0.5〜3wt。％O，余量Fe和通常的杂质，并且具有通过在致密烧结之前加入氧或含氧化合物，特别是Al和/或Nd氧化物来调节的氧含量。可以通过在预先合金的形成，预合金的粉碎，粉末在磁场中的排列和压制成绿色成形体的情况下，将纯组分熔化在一起，在1040℃〜1100℃烧结并随后在600℃至700℃退火，由此将氧气作为Al或Nd氧化物或通过研磨和/或烧结气氛加入。

6. 发明授权

US4339320A Heated gas composition sensor structure 失效
标题翻译：加热气体组成传感器结构
公开(公告)号：US4339320A
公开(公告)日：1982-07-13
申请号：US193944
申请日：1980-10-06
申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Friedrich Esper
发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Friedrich Esper
IPC分类号： G01N27/409 , G01N27/14 , G01N27/406 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/48 , G01N27/46
CPC分类号： G01N27/4077 , G01N27/4067
摘要： To permit efficient heat transfer from a carrier tube (22) surrounding a tubular solid electrolyte body (11') having outer and inner electrodes (14, 18) applied thereto, the tubular heater element carrier body (22) supports a wire or resistance track heating element (25) at the inner surface thereof, the heater element (25) being spaced from the outer surface of the solid electrolyte tube (11') forming part of the sensor element (11) by a distance at the most of 1 mm, preferably less than 0.5 mm, the wall thickness of the heater element carrier tube (22) preferably being between 0.3 and 0.8 mm thick, the carrier tube being made of ceramic, such as aluminum oxide, or internally insulated metal.
摘要翻译：为了允许从其上施加有外部和内部电极（14,18）的管状固体电解质体（11'）周围的载体管（22）进行有效的热传递，管状加热器元件载体主体（22）支撑线或阻力轨道所述加热元件（25）在其内表面处与所述固体电解质管（11'）的外表面间隔开所述传感器元件（11）的一部分距离最大为1mm ，优选小于0.5mm，加热器载体管（22）的壁厚优选为0.3至0.8mm厚，载体管由陶瓷制成，例如氧化铝或内部绝缘金属。

7. 发明授权

US4320080A Method to manufacture soft magnetic pressed bodies 失效
标题翻译：软磁压制体的制造方法
公开(公告)号：US4320080A
公开(公告)日：1982-03-16
申请号：US193467
申请日：1980-10-03
申请人： Friedrich Esper , Hans-Martin Wiedenmann
发明人： Friedrich Esper , Hans-Martin Wiedenmann
IPC分类号： H01F1/26 , H01F1/28 , H01F1/33 , H01F1/37 , B22F3/02
CPC分类号： H01F1/26 , H01F1/28 , H01F1/33 , H01F1/37 , Y10S264/58
摘要： To permit use of less expensive iron powder material and manufacture of more complex shapes, a mixture of iron powder, of an approximate grain size of between 30 to 450 .mu.m, and containing preferably 5 to 50% of carbonyl iron powder or from 5 to 50%, by weight, of soft ferrite powder of a grain size of from 10 to 200 .mu.m, and a thermosetting resin, in which the thermosetting resin is about 50% by volume of the overall mixture, is filled into a die. Pressure is built up in the die, which is heated, permitting excess binder to escape during the build-up phase thereof, the pressure then being held so that the resin can set in the heated die. The pressures needed are substantially less than heretofore required, in the order of from between 500 to 5000 bar.
摘要翻译：为了允许使用较便宜的铁粉材料和制造更复杂的形状，约30至450μm的大致粒度的铁粉和优选5至50％的羰基铁粉末或5至将50重量％的粒径为10〜200μm的软质铁氧体粉末和其中热固性树脂为总体混合物的约50体积％的热固性树脂填充到模具中。在模具中形成压力，其被加热，允许多余的粘合剂在其堆积阶段逸出，然后保持压力，使得树脂可以设置在加热模具中。所需的压力远低于迄今所需的压力，为500至5000巴之间。

8. 发明授权

US4356571A Prosthetic device 失效
标题翻译：假体装置
公开(公告)号：US4356571A
公开(公告)日：1982-11-02
申请号：US195870
申请日：1980-10-10
申请人： Friedrich Esper , Walter Gohl
发明人： Friedrich Esper , Walter Gohl
IPC分类号： A61F2/00 , A61F2/28 , A61F2/30 , A61L27/44 , A61F1/00
CPC分类号： A61L27/44 , A61F2/28 , A61F2/30767 , A61F2/30965 , A61L27/443 , A61F2002/30009 , A61F2250/0028
摘要： A medical prostheses suitable for implant use comprising a cured fiber reinforced triazine resin shaped body. The fiber reinforcement is preferably a fabric formed from two dimensionally oriented fibers. The preferred fibers are high strength carbon fibers. The prosthesis is particularly useful for the fabrication of joints, for example hip joints, as well as for support and connecting elements suitable for implantation.
摘要翻译：适用于植入用途的医疗假体包括固化的纤维增强的三嗪树脂成形体。纤维增强物优选为由二维取向纤维形成的织物。优选的纤维是高强度碳纤维。假体对于关节的制造特别有用，例如髋关节，以及适用于植入的支撑和连接元件。

9. 发明授权

US4019914A Method of manufacturing .alpha.-alumina 失效
标题翻译：制造{60-氧化铝的方法
公开(公告)号：US4019914A
公开(公告)日：1977-04-26
申请号：US482458
申请日：1974-06-24
申请人： Friedrich Esper , Karin Bethge
发明人： Friedrich Esper , Karin Bethge
IPC分类号： C04B35/10 , C01F7/44 , C04B35/111 , C04B35/04 , C04B35/12
CPC分类号： C04B35/111 , C01F7/442 , C01P2006/10
摘要： A method of manufacturing .alpha.-alumina with a degree of purity of at least 98% which has a high sintering activity. The .alpha.-alumina contains at least 98% .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and not more than 0.1% Na (calculated as Na.sub.2 O), and not more than 0.1% Ti (calculated as TiO.sub.2). The .alpha.-alumina also contains between 0.03% and 2% of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3. The .alpha.-alumina is formed by first fine grinding and then calcining, preferably at a temperature between about 1120.degree. C and 1350.degree. C, an aluminum hydroxide and/or hydrated aluminum oxide. The .alpha.-alumina is then cooled and finely ground to provide an .alpha.-alumina having excellent sintering activity.
摘要翻译：制造纯度高达98％以上的具有高烧结活性的α-氧化铝的方法。 α-氧化铝含有至少98％的α-Al 2 O 3和不超过0.1％的Na（以Na 2 O计）和不超过0.1％的Ti（以TiO 2计算）。 α-氧化铝还含有0.03％至2％的Fe 2 O 3和/或Cr 2 O 3。 α-氧化铝通过首先细磨并然后煅烧形成，优选在约1120℃至1350℃之间的温度下，氢氧化铝和/或水合氧化铝。然后将α-氧化铝冷却并精细研磨以提供具有优异烧结活性的α-氧化铝。

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