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    • 3. 发明授权
    • Monitor for deposition on heat transfer surfaces
    • 监测传热表面上的沉积
    • US4722610A
    • 1988-02-02
    • US837379
    • 1986-03-07
    • Francis E. LevertJames C. RobinsonJerry Golden
    • Francis E. LevertJames C. RobinsonJerry Golden
    • F28G15/00G01B7/06G01N25/18G01K17/00G01N25/20
    • G01N25/18F28G15/00G01B7/06
    • A monitor for determining a buildup of slag on the flame side of water cooled walls of coal fired steam generators and other heat transfer surfaces. This monitor has a body to be positioned in an orientation similar to the water tubes of the steam generator (or other heat transfer surfaces) so that any deleterious buildup on the surfaces will also be effected upon the exterior of the monitor. Positioned within the body of the monitor is a temperature sensor, such is a thermocouple having at least a hot junction. Also positioned within the body and proximate the sensor (e.g., thermocouple) is a heater unit having a high temperature portion located proximate the hot junction. In this manner, when the heater is energized, the hot junction is raised to a preselected temperature. By monitoring the time constant of temperature change of the sensor with current to the heater being cycled, information as to the degree of buildup on the exterior of the body can be obtained. Accordingly, deposit removing equipment of conventional type can be operated when the buildup has reached a point where a change in the heat exchange qualities of the surface has become ineffective. Additional temperature sensors (e.g., thermocouples) can be used to provide temperature information from which instantaneous heat flux can be computed.
    • 一种用于确定燃煤蒸汽发生器和其他传热表面的水冷壁火焰侧炉渣积聚的监测器。 该监视器具有以与蒸汽发生器(或其他传热表面)的水管相似的方向定位的主体,使得在监视器的外部也将实现表面上的任何有害累积。 位于显示器主体内的是温度传感器,这是具有至少热接头的热电偶。 还位于主体内并且靠近传感器(例如,热电偶)的是具有位于热接合点附近的高温部分的加热器单元。 以这种方式,当加热器通电时,热接点升高到预选温度。 通过监测传感器的温度变化的时间常数,电流与循环的加热器相关,可以获得关于身体外部积聚程度的信息。 因此,当积聚已经达到表面的热交换质量的变化已经变得无效的点时,可以操作常规类型的沉积物去除设备。 可以使用附加的温度传感器(例如,热电偶)来提供可以计算瞬时热通量的温度信息。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Thermal neutron detectors and system using the same
    • 热中子探测器和系统使用相同
    • US4765943A
    • 1988-08-23
    • US802780
    • 1985-11-29
    • Joseph T. DeLorenzoFrancis E. LevertJames C. RobinsonRobert W. Hendricks
    • Joseph T. DeLorenzoFrancis E. LevertJames C. RobinsonRobert W. Hendricks
    • G21C17/108G21C17/00
    • G21C17/108
    • A solid state thermal neutron detector. The improved detector for particularly high temperature applications of thermal neutron flux determination, employs a differential thermocouple unit having the hot junction positioned within a cylindrical pellet or compact of uranium dioxide (UO.sub.2) partially enriched in uranium-235. The cold junction is positioned within a cylindrical pellet or compact of depleted uranium dioxide, this second pellet having the identical mass as the first. The uranium-containing pellets are spaced apart by a cylindrical pellet of a high temperature insulator, such as MgO or aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3). Similar insulator pellets are positioned outwardly from the uranium-containing pellets to prevent heat loss. The entire assembly is enclosed in a cylindrical sheath of a material resistant to the environment of the detector, with this sheath being radially swaged upon the pellets to achieve intimate thermal contact between the pellets and the differential thermocouple. In one embodiment, a plurality of differential thermocouples are inserted in alternating pellets. In a preferred embodiment, a heater unit is included with a high temperature portion proximate the hot junction and a lower temperature portion proximate the cold junction. The thermocouple is connected to appropriate measuring circuits and monitor, and the heater is connected to a regulated and adjustable heater supply. Provision for axial movement of the detector unit and for determining absolute temperatures are discussed.
    • 固态热中子探测器。 用于热中子通量测定的特别高温应用的改进的检测器采用差热电偶单元,该热电偶单元具有位于部分富集铀-235的二氧化铀(UO 2)的圆柱形颗粒或压块内的热接头。 冷连接点定位在贫化二氧化铀的圆柱形颗粒或压块内,该第二颗粒具有与第一颗粒相同的质量。 含铀颗粒由高温绝缘体如MgO或氧化铝(Al 2 O 3)的圆柱形颗粒隔开。 类似的绝缘子颗粒从含铀颗粒向外定位以防止热损失。 整个组件被封装在耐受检测器环境的材料的圆柱形护套中,该护套在丸粒上径向锻压以实现丸粒和差动热电偶之间的紧密热接触。 在一个实施例中,多个差分热电偶插入交替的颗粒中。 在优选实施例中,加热器单元包括靠近热接头的高温部分和靠近冷接点的较低温度部分。 热电偶连接到适当的测量电路和监视器,加热器连接到可调节和可调节的加热器电源。 讨论了用于检测器单元的轴向移动和用于确定绝对温度的规定。