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1. 发明授权

US07716367B1 Network performance monitoring in a content delivery service 有权
标题翻译：内容传送服务中的网络性能监控
公开(公告)号：US07716367B1
公开(公告)日：2010-05-11
申请号：US10779691
申请日：2004-02-18
申请人： F. Thomson Leighton , Rizwan S. Dhanldina , Robert Kleinberg , Matthew Levine , Daniel M. Lewin , Andrew Parker , Adrian Soviani , Ravi Sundaram
发明人： F. Thomson Leighton , Rizwan S. Dhanldina , Robert Kleinberg , Matthew Levine , Daniel M. Lewin , Andrew Parker , Adrian Soviani , Ravi Sundaram
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L43/0876 , H04L29/12066 , H04L41/5058 , H04L41/509 , H04L61/1511 , H04L61/303 , H04L61/609 , H04L67/1002 , H04L67/18 , H04L67/289 , H04W4/02 , H04W4/04
摘要： A network architecture or framework that supports hosting and content distribution on a truly global scale allows a Content Provider to replicate and serve its most popular content at an unlimited number of points throughout the world. The inventive framework comprises a set of servers operating in a distributed manner. The actual content to be served is preferably supported on a set of hosting servers (sometimes referred to as ghost servers). This content comprises HTML page objects that, conventionally, are served from a Content Provider site. A base HTML document portion of a Web page is served from the Content Provider's site while one or more embedded objects for the page are served from the hosting servers, preferably, those hosting servers near the client machine. By serving the base HTML document from the Content Provider's site, the Content Provider maintains control over the content.
摘要翻译：支持在全球范围内托管和内容分发的网络架构或框架允许内容提供商在全球范围内无限次地复制和提供其最受欢迎的内容。本发明的框架包括以分布式方式操作的一组服务器。要提供的实际内容最好支持在一组主机服务器（有时称为ghost服务器）上。该内容包括常规地从内容提供商站点提供的HTML页面对象。 Web页面的基本HTML文档部分从内容提供商的站点提供，而一个或多个页面的嵌入对象从托管服务器（优选地，在客户机附近的托管服务器）提供。通过从内容提供商的网站提供基础HTML文档，内容提供商维护对内容的控制。

2. 发明申请

US20100217801A1 Network performance monitoring in a content delivery system 有权
标题翻译：内容传送系统中的网络性能监控
公开(公告)号：US20100217801A1
公开(公告)日：2010-08-26
申请号：US12776453
申请日：2010-05-10
申请人： F. Thomson Leighton , Rizwan S. Dhanidina , Robert D. Kleinberg , Matthew Levine , Daniel M. Lewin , Andrew Parker , Adrian Soviani , Ravi Sundaram
发明人： F. Thomson Leighton , Rizwan S. Dhanidina , Robert D. Kleinberg , Matthew Levine , Daniel M. Lewin , Andrew Parker , Adrian Soviani , Ravi Sundaram
IPC分类号： G06F15/16 , G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L43/0876 , H04L29/12066 , H04L41/5058 , H04L41/509 , H04L61/1511 , H04L61/303 , H04L61/609 , H04L67/1002 , H04L67/18 , H04L67/289 , H04W4/02 , H04W4/04
摘要： A method for Internet content delivery in a content delivery network established at network locations, the content delivery network comprising a plurality of content servers for serving content resources. The plurality of content servers includes a plurality of subsets of content servers, each subject being located at one of a plurality of Internet data centers. For each Internet Protocol (IP) address block from which requests for content resources are expected to be received, the method generates a candidate list of Internet data centers to be used to service the requests for content resources. For the IP address block, the method selects at least one of the Internet data centers from the candidate list to be used to service the requests for content resources. The selected Internet data center for the IP address block is written into a network map. The selecting step is carried out concurrently for each IP address block from which requests for content resources are expected to be received such that the network map comprises the selected Internet data center for each IP address block. The network map is then provided to a domain name service (DNS) associated with the content delivery network. In response to a DNS query received at the domain name service associated with the content delivery network, the network map is used to identify one of the Internet data centers from the candidate list to be used to service a request for a content resource.
摘要翻译：一种用于在网络位置处建立的内容传送网络中的因特网内容传送的方法，所述内容传送网络包括用于服务内容资源的多个内容服务器。多个内容服务器包括多个内容服务器子集，每个主题位于多个因特网数据中心之一。对于期望从其接收对内容资源的请求的每个因特网协议（IP）地址块，该方法生成用于服务对内容资源的请求的因特网数据中心的候选列表。对于IP地址块，该方法从候选列表中选择至少一个因特网数据中心来用于服务于内容资源的请求。所选择的IP地址块的Internet数据中心被写入网络映射。对于期望从其接收内容资源的请求的每个IP地址块同时执行选择步骤，使得网络映射包括用于每个IP地址块的所选择的因特网数据中心。然后将网络地图提供给与内容传送网络相关联的域名服务（DNS）。响应于在与内容传送网络相关联的域名服务处接收的DNS查询，网络地图用于从候选列表中识别要用于为内容资源的请求服务的候补列表中的一个。

3. 发明授权

US08392611B2 Network performance monitoring in a content delivery system 有权
标题翻译：内容传送系统中的网络性能监控
公开(公告)号：US08392611B2
公开(公告)日：2013-03-05
申请号：US12776453
申请日：2010-05-10
申请人： F. Thomson Leighton , Rizwan S. Dhanidina , Robert D. Kleinberg , Matthew Levine , Daniel M. Lewin , Andrew D. Parker , Adrian Soviani , Ravi Sundaram
发明人： F. Thomson Leighton , Rizwan S. Dhanidina , Robert D. Kleinberg , Matthew Levine , Daniel M. Lewin , Andrew D. Parker , Adrian Soviani , Ravi Sundaram
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L43/0876 , H04L29/12066 , H04L41/5058 , H04L41/509 , H04L61/1511 , H04L61/303 , H04L61/609 , H04L67/1002 , H04L67/18 , H04L67/289 , H04W4/02 , H04W4/04
摘要： A method for Internet content delivery in a content delivery network established at network locations, the content delivery network comprising a plurality of content servers for serving content resources. The plurality of content servers includes a plurality of subsets of content servers, each subject being located at one of a plurality of Internet data centers. For each Internet Protocol (IP) address block from which requests for content resources are expected to be received, the method generates a candidate list of Internet data centers to be used to service the requests for content resources. For the IP address block, the method selects at least one of the Internet data centers from the candidate list to be used to service the requests for content resources. The selected Internet data center for the IP address block is written into a network map. The selecting step is carried out concurrently for each IP address block from which requests for content resources are expected to be received such that the network map comprises the selected Internet data center for each IP address block. The network map is then provided to a domain name service (DNS) associated with the content delivery network. In response to a DNS query received at the domain name service associated with the content delivery network, the network map is used to identify one of the Internet data centers from the candidate list to be used to service a request for a content resource.
摘要翻译：一种用于在网络位置处建立的内容传送网络中的因特网内容传送的方法，所述内容传送网络包括用于服务内容资源的多个内容服务器。多个内容服务器包括多个内容服务器子集，每个主题位于多个因特网数据中心之一。对于期望从其接收对内容资源的请求的每个因特网协议（IP）地址块，该方法生成用于服务对内容资源的请求的因特网数据中心的候选列表。对于IP地址块，该方法从候选列表中选择至少一个因特网数据中心来用于服务于内容资源的请求。所选择的IP地址块的Internet数据中心被写入网络映射。对于期望从其接收内容资源的请求的每个IP地址块同时执行选择步骤，使得网络映射包括用于每个IP地址块的所选择的因特网数据中心。然后将网络地图提供给与内容传送网络相关联的域名服务（DNS）。响应于在与内容传送网络相关联的域名服务处接收的DNS查询，网络地图用于从候选列表中识别要用于为内容资源的请求服务的候补列表中的一个。

4. 发明授权

US07734815B2 Global load balancing across mirrored data centers 有权
标题翻译：跨镜像数据中心的全局负载平衡
公开(公告)号：US07734815B2
公开(公告)日：2010-06-08
申请号：US11522579
申请日：2006-09-18
申请人： F. Thomson Leighton , Daniel M. Lewin , Ravi Sundaram , Rizwan S. Dhanidina , Robert Kleinberg , Matthew Levine , Adrian M. Soviani , Bruce Maggs , Hariharan Shankar Rahul , Srikanth Thirumalai , Jay Gunvantrai Parikh , Yoav O. Yerushalmi
发明人： F. Thomson Leighton , Daniel M. Lewin , Ravi Sundaram , Rizwan S. Dhanidina , Robert Kleinberg , Matthew Levine , Adrian M. Soviani , Bruce Maggs , Hariharan Shankar Rahul , Srikanth Thirumalai , Jay Gunvantrai Parikh , Yoav O. Yerushalmi
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L29/12066 , H04L43/0829 , H04L43/0864 , H04L43/10 , H04L43/12 , H04L45/00 , H04L47/10 , H04L47/125 , H04L47/283 , H04L61/1511 , H04L67/1002 , H04L67/1008 , H04L67/101
摘要： The invention is an intelligent traffic redirection system that does global load balancing. It can be used in any situation where an end-user requires access to a replicated resource. The method directs end-users to the appropriate replica so that the route to the replica is good from a network standpoint and the replica is not overloaded. The technique preferably uses a Domain Name Service (DNS) to provide IP addresses for the appropriate replica. The most common use is to direct traffic to a mirrored web site.
摘要翻译：本发明是实现全局负载平衡的智能流量重定向系统。它可以用于最终用户需要访问复制资源的任何情况。该方法将最终用户指向适当的副本，以便从网络的角度来看，复制副本的路由是不错的，并且副本没有超载。该技术优选地使用域名服务（DNS）来为适当的副本提供IP地址。最常见的用途是将流量引导到镜像网站。

5. 发明申请

US20080071925A1 Global load balancing across mirrored data centers 有权
标题翻译：跨镜像数据中心的全局负载平衡
公开(公告)号：US20080071925A1
公开(公告)日：2008-03-20
申请号：US11522579
申请日：2006-09-18
申请人： F. Thomson Leighton , Daniel M. Lewin , Anne E. Lewin , Ravi Sundaram , Rizwan S. Dhanidina , Robert Kleinberg , Matthew Levine , Adrian M. Soviani , Bruce Maggs , Hariharan Shankar Rahul , Srikanth Thirumalai , Jay Gunvantrai Parikh , Yoav O. Yerushalmi
发明人： F. Thomson Leighton , Daniel M. Lewin , Anne E. Lewin , Ravi Sundaram , Rizwan S. Dhanidina , Robert Kleinberg , Matthew Levine , Adrian M. Soviani , Bruce Maggs , Hariharan Shankar Rahul , Srikanth Thirumalai , Jay Gunvantrai Parikh , Yoav O. Yerushalmi
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L29/12066 , H04L43/0829 , H04L43/0864 , H04L43/10 , H04L43/12 , H04L45/00 , H04L47/10 , H04L47/125 , H04L47/283 , H04L61/1511 , H04L67/1002 , H04L67/1008 , H04L67/101
摘要： The invention is an intelligent traffic redirection system that does global load balancing. It can be used in any situation where an end-user requires access to a replicated resource. The method directs end-users to the appropriate replica so that the route to the replica is good from a network standpoint and the replica is not overloaded. The technique preferably uses a Domain Name Service (DNS) to provide IP addresses for the appropriate replica. The most common use is to direct traffic to a mirrored web site.
摘要翻译：本发明是实现全局负载平衡的智能流量重定向系统。它可以用于最终用户需要访问复制资源的任何情况。该方法将最终用户指向适当的副本，以便从网络的角度来看，复制副本的路由是不错的，并且副本没有超载。该技术优选地使用域名服务（DNS）来为适当的副本提供IP地址。最常见的用途是将流量引导到镜像网站。

6. 发明申请

US20100250742A1 Global load balancing across mirrored data centers 审中-公开
标题翻译：跨镜像数据中心的全局负载平衡
公开(公告)号：US20100250742A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-30
申请号：US12794504
申请日：2010-06-04
申请人： F. Thomson Leighton , Daniel M. Lewin , Ravi Sundaram , Rizwan S. Dhanidina , Robert Kleinberg , Matthew Levine , Adrian M. Soviani , Bruce Maggs , Hariharan Shankar Rahul , Srikanth Thirumalai , Jay Gunvantrai Parikh , Yoav O. Yerushalmi
发明人： F. Thomson Leighton , Daniel M. Lewin , Ravi Sundaram , Rizwan S. Dhanidina , Robert Kleinberg , Matthew Levine , Adrian M. Soviani , Bruce Maggs , Hariharan Shankar Rahul , Srikanth Thirumalai , Jay Gunvantrai Parikh , Yoav O. Yerushalmi
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L29/12066 , H04L43/0829 , H04L43/0864 , H04L43/10 , H04L43/12 , H04L45/00 , H04L47/10 , H04L47/125 , H04L47/283 , H04L61/1511 , H04L67/1002 , H04L67/1008 , H04L67/101
摘要： An intelligent traffic redirection system that performs global load balancing can be used in any situation where an end-user requires access to a replicated resource. The method directs end-users to the appropriate replica so that the route to the replica is good from a network standpoint and the replica is not overloaded. The technique preferably uses a Domain Name Service (DNS) to provide IP addresses for the appropriate replica. The most common use is to direct traffic to a mirrored web site.
摘要翻译：执行全局负载平衡的智能流量重定向系统可以用于最终用户需要访问复制资源的任何情况。该方法将最终用户指向适当的副本，以便从网络的角度来看，复制副本的路由是不错的，并且副本没有超载。该技术优选地使用域名服务（DNS）来为适当的副本提供IP地址。最常见的用途是将流量引导到镜像网站。

7. 发明授权

US07096263B2 Method for predicting file download time from mirrored data centers in a global computer network 有权
标题翻译：用于从全球计算机网络中的镜像数据中心预测文件下载时间的方法
公开(公告)号：US07096263B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-22
申请号：US09867141
申请日：2001-05-30
申请人： F. Thomson Leighton , Ravi Sundaram , Adrian Soviani , Matthew Levine , Andrew Parker , Silvina Hanono-Wachman , Arthur W. Berger
发明人： F. Thomson Leighton , Ravi Sundaram , Adrian Soviani , Matthew Levine , Andrew Parker , Silvina Hanono-Wachman , Arthur W. Berger
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L29/06 , H04L67/10 , H04L67/1002 , H04L67/101 , H04L67/1038 , H04L69/16 , H04L69/329 , H04L2029/06054
摘要： An intelligent traffic redirection system performs global load balancing for Web sites located at mirrored data centers. The system relies on a network map that is generated continuously for the user-base of the entire Internet. Instead of probing each local name server (or other host) that is connectable to the mirrored data centers, the network map identifies connectivity with respect to a much smaller set of proxy points, called “core” (or “common”) points. A core point then becomes representative of a set of local name servers (or other hosts) that, from a data center's perspective, share the point. Once core points are identified, a systematic methodology is used to estimate predicted actual download times to a given core point from each of the mirrored data centers. Preferably, ICMP (or so-called “ping” packets) are used to measure roundtrip time (RTT) and latency between a data center and a core point. Using such data, an average latency is calculated, preferably using an exponentially time-weighted average of all previous measurements and the new measurement. A similar function is used to calculate average packet loss. Using the results, a score is generated for each path between one of the data centers and the core point, and the score is representative of a file download time. Preferably, the score is generated by modifying an average latency with a penalty factor dependent on the time-weighted average loss function. Whichever data center has the best score (representing the best-performing network connectivity for that time slice) is then associated with the core point.
摘要翻译：智能流量重定向系统对位于镜像数据中心的网站执行全局负载平衡。系统依赖于为整个互联网的用户群连续生成的网络地图。而不是探测可连接到镜像数据中心的每个本地名称服务器（或其他主机），网络映射标识了相对于称为“核心”（或“公共”）点的更小的一组代理点的连接性。因此，核心点将成为一组本地名称服务器（或其他主机）的代表，从数据中心的角度来看，它们共享这一点。一旦识别出核心点，就使用系统方法来估计从每个镜像数据中心到给定核心点的预测实际下载时间。优选地，ICMP（或所谓的“ping”分组）被用于测量数据中心和核心点之间的往返时间（RTT）和等待时间。使用这样的数据，优选地使用所有先前测量和新测量的指数时间加权平均值来计算平均延迟。使用类似的功能来计算平均丢包。使用结果，为数据中心之一和核心点之间的每个路径生成分数，分数代表文件下载时间。优选地，通过依赖于时间加权平均损失函数的惩罚因子修改平均延迟来产生得分。然后，与核心点相关联的数据中心具有最佳分数（表示该时间片的最佳性能的网络连接）。

8. 发明授权

US07251688B2 Method for generating a network map 有权
标题翻译：生成网络地图的方法
公开(公告)号：US07251688B2
公开(公告)日：2007-07-31
申请号：US09866884
申请日：2001-05-29
申请人： F. Thomson Leighton , Ravi Sundaram , Matthew Levine , Adrian Soviani
发明人： F. Thomson Leighton , Ravi Sundaram , Matthew Levine , Adrian Soviani
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L69/329 , H04L29/12066 , H04L43/50 , H04L61/1511 , H04L67/1002 , H04L67/1008 , H04L67/101 , H04L67/2814
摘要： An intelligent traffic redirection system performs global load balancing for Web sites located at mirrored data centers. The system relies on a network map that is generated continuously, preferably for the user-base of the entire Internet. Instead of probing each local name server (or other host) that is connectable to the mirrored data centers, the network map identifies connectivity with respect to a much smaller set of proxy points, called “core” (or “common”) points. A core point is representative of a set of local name servers (or other hosts) that, from a data center's perspective, share the point. To discover a core point, an incremental trace route is executed from each of the set of mirrored data centers to a local name server that may be used by client to resolve a request for a replica stored at the data centers. An intersection of the trace routes at a common routing point is then identified. Thus, for example, the common routing point may be the first common point for the trace routes when viewed from the perspective of the data centers (or the last common point for the trace routes when viewed from the perspective of the local name server). The common routing point is then identified as the core point for the local name server.
摘要翻译：智能流量重定向系统对位于镜像数据中心的网站执行全局负载平衡。该系统依赖于连续生成的网络地图，优选地用于整个因特网的用户群。而不是探测可连接到镜像数据中心的每个本地名称服务器（或其他主机），网络映射标识了相对于称为“核心”（或“公共”）点的更小的一组代理点的连接性。核心点是从数据中心的角度分析一组本地名称服务器（或其他主机）的代表。为了发现一个核心点，增量跟踪路由将从镜像数据中心集合中的每一个执行到本地名称服务器，客户端可以使用该服务器来解析存储在数据中心的副本的请求。然后识别在公共路由点的跟踪路由的交集。因此，例如，从数据中心的角度（或从本地名称服务器的角度来看，跟踪路由的最后一个公共点），公共路由点可以是跟踪路由的第一个公共点。然后将公共路由点标识为本地名称服务器的核心点。

9. 发明授权

US07028083B2 Method for extending a network map 有权
公开(公告)号：US07028083B2
公开(公告)日：2006-04-11
申请号：US09866896
申请日：2001-05-29
申请人： Matthew Levine , Robert Kleinberg , Adrian Soviani
发明人： Matthew Levine , Robert Kleinberg , Adrian Soviani
IPC分类号： G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L29/12066 , H04L47/10 , H04L47/115 , H04L47/125 , H04L47/283 , H04L61/1511 , H04L67/1002 , H04L67/1008 , H04L67/101 , H04L67/1021 , H04L67/1023
摘要： An intelligent traffic redirection system performs global load balancing. The system uses a network map that is generated in part by extending a “sparse” IP address data map. In particular, a method of extending an IP address block map begins by defining a set of one or more upper bound block(s). These upper bound blocks are then used to partition a space of IP addresses into subsets or “territories”, wherein each territory represents a largest set of IP addresses to which a piece of mapping data may be extended. The “piece” of mapping data typically consists of a host (usually a “name server” identified by the core point discovery process) IP address and some data about that host, namely, a “nearest” data center or a flag indicating that either “no data” exists for that host or that the system is “indifferent” as to which of a set of mirrored data centers the host should be mapped. A unification algorithm partitions the territory of each upper bound block into the largest possible sub-blocks in which a given unanimity criterion is satisfied and extends the mapping data in each such sub-block to all of the territory of that sub-block.

10. 发明授权

US07500002B2 Method and apparatus for distributing requests among a plurality of resources 有权
标题翻译：用于在多个资源之间分发请求的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07500002B2
公开(公告)日：2009-03-03
申请号：US11268679
申请日：2005-11-07
申请人： David Karger , Eric Lehman , F. Thomson Leighton , Matthew Levine , Daniel Lewin , Rina Panagrahy
发明人： David Karger , Eric Lehman , F. Thomson Leighton , Matthew Levine , Daniel Lewin , Rina Panagrahy
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： G06F9/5027 , H04L29/06 , H04L67/10 , H04L67/1002 , H04L67/1008 , H04L67/1019 , H04L67/1021 , H04L67/1023 , H04L67/2842 , H04L69/329 , H04L2029/06054
摘要： The invention relates to a method for requesting data from one of a plurality of actual servers. A virtual network of servers is generated in response to a data request. A first virtual server in the virtual network is chosen randomly, and a path generated from the first virtual server to a root virtual server. At least one virtual server on the path is mapped to a respective one of the plurality of actual servers and data is requested therefrom.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及从多个实际服务器之一请求数据的方法。响应于数据请求生成虚拟服务器网络。随机选择虚拟网络中的第一个虚拟服务器，以及从第一个虚拟服务器生成到根虚拟服务器的路径。路径上的至少一个虚拟服务器被映射到多个实际服务器中的相应一个，并从中请求数据。

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