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1. 发明授权

US4612103A Aluminium reduction cells 失效
标题翻译：铝还原电池
公开(公告)号：US4612103A
公开(公告)日：1986-09-16
申请号：US675732
申请日：1984-11-28
申请人： Ernest W. Dewing , Adam J. Gesing , Thomas J. Hudson , Louis J. Manfredo , Douglas J. Wheeler , William R. Bennett , Thomas M. Clere
发明人： Ernest W. Dewing , Adam J. Gesing , Thomas J. Hudson , Louis J. Manfredo , Douglas J. Wheeler , William R. Bennett , Thomas M. Clere
IPC分类号： C25C3/08 , C25C3/16
CPC分类号： C25C3/08 , C25C3/16
摘要： An aluminium reduction cell includes an anode 10, electrolyte 12, a cathode 14, a potlining 16 which may be of alumina and cathode current collectors embedded therein. The collectors include a section comprising a major proportion by volume of bodies 22, e.g. of titanium diboride or a TiB.sub.2 /Al cermet, joined or surrounded by aluminium, the section being so positioned that the aluminium is at least partly fluid when the cell is in operation. The bodies, which are preferably close-packed, may be cubic or cuboid or in the form of sheets or thin slabs arranged with their major faces parallel to one another and to the axis of the collector section. The collectors show good electrical conductivity together with satisfactory resistance to magnetic stirring and impact and transverse forces.
摘要翻译：铝还原电池包括阳极10，电解质12，阴极14，可以是氧化铝的阴极16和嵌入其中的阴极集电器。收集器包括一个包含主体体积的主体22的部分，例如。二硼化钛或由铝连接或围绕的二硼化钛或TiB2 / Al金属陶瓷，该部分被定位成使得当电池处于运行时铝至少部分是流体的。优选紧密堆积的主体可以是立方体或长方体，或者是以它们的主表面彼此平行并且与收集器部分的轴线相排列的薄片或薄板的形式。收集器显示出良好的导电性，同时具有令人满意的磁力搅拌和冲击力和横向力的阻力。

2. 发明授权

US4737253A Aluminium reduction cell 失效
标题翻译：铝还原电池
公开(公告)号：US4737253A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-12
申请号：US896465
申请日：1986-08-13
申请人： Adam J. Gesing , David N. Mitchell , Peter A. Wales , Douglas N. Reesor , Ernest W. Dewing , Douglas J. Wheeler , Donald L. De Respiris , Joseph K. Walker
发明人： Adam J. Gesing , David N. Mitchell , Peter A. Wales , Douglas N. Reesor , Ernest W. Dewing , Douglas J. Wheeler , Donald L. De Respiris , Joseph K. Walker
IPC分类号： C25C3/08 , C25C3/16
CPC分类号： C25C3/16 , C25C3/08
摘要： In an aluminium reduction cell including a cell lining and embedded therein at least one cathode current collector including a high temperature section comprising an electrically conducting refractory material such as titanium diboride, generally in conjunction with molten aluminium metal, corrosion is a problem. The invention provides a substance to protect the collector section. The substance may be a liquid impermeable layer e.g. particulate material impregnated with a molten fluoride-or chloride-containing salt mixture; for a getter such as particulate aluminium to react chemically with gaseous corrosive species. Combinations of these substances may be used, optionally in conjunction with a solid layer such as an alumina or aluminium metal tube.
摘要翻译：在包括电池衬垫的铝还原电池中，包含至少一个阴极集电器的至少一个阴极集电器包括高温部分，该高温部分包括通常与熔融铝金属结合的二硼化钛的导电耐火材料，腐蚀是一个问题。本发明提供一种保护收集器部分的物质。该物质可以是液体不可渗透层，例如用含氟化物或含氯化物的盐混合物浸渍的颗粒材料; 用于诸如颗粒状铝的吸气剂与气体腐蚀物质化学反应。可以使用这些物质的组合，任选地与诸如氧化铝或铝金属管的固体层结合使用。

3. 发明授权

US4613418A Aluminium reduction cells 失效
标题翻译：铝还原电池
公开(公告)号：US4613418A
公开(公告)日：1986-09-23
申请号：US675718
申请日：1984-11-28
申请人： Ernest W. Dewing , Adam J. Gesing , David N. Mitchell , Aniket Pant
发明人： Ernest W. Dewing , Adam J. Gesing , David N. Mitchell , Aniket Pant
IPC分类号： C25C3/08 , C25C3/16
CPC分类号： C25C3/16 , C25C3/08
摘要： An aluminium reduction cell includes a potlining 16, which may be of alumina, with cathode current collectors 24, 32 embedded therein. The cell floor has an array of depressions 22 with at least one collector at the bottom of each depression. The depressions are filled with metal-wettable bodies 20, e.g. 5-20 mm diameter balls of titanium diboride, sized to prevent the entry of electrolyte or sludge. The depressions may be elongate in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal magnetic field in the cell.
摘要翻译：铝还原电池包括可以是氧化铝的罐衬16，其中嵌有阴极集电器24,32。电池底板具有凹陷22的阵列，每个凹陷的底部具有至少一个收集器。凹陷处填充有金属可湿性体20，例如 5-20毫米直径的二硼化钛球，其大小可防止电解液或污泥进入。凹陷可以在垂直于电池中的水平磁场的方向上延伸。

4. 发明授权

US4495047A Electrolytic reduction cells 失效
标题翻译：电解还原细胞
公开(公告)号：US4495047A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-22
申请号：US391405
申请日：1982-06-23
申请人： Adam J. Gesing , Ernest W. Dewing
发明人： Adam J. Gesing , Ernest W. Dewing
IPC分类号： C25C3/08 , C25C7/00 , C25B11/12 , C25C7/02
CPC分类号： C25C3/08
摘要： In an electrolytic reduction cell for the production of a molten metal by electrolysis of a molten electrolyte, the product metal collects on a cathodic carbon floor having embedded steel current collector bars for leading out the cathodic current. In order to reduce the wave motion of the metal due to interaction of horizontal currents in the product metal with the magnetic fields due to currents in conductors associated with the cell, electrically non-conductive barrier members are arranged on the floor of the cell transversely of horizontal currents in the product metal. Such barrier members have at least a surface layer of material resistant to product metal and extend upwardly from the cell floor to a height approximating to the normal maximum operating level of product metal.
摘要翻译：在通过电解熔融电解液生产熔融金属的电解还原电池中，产品金属集合在具有嵌入式钢集电棒的阴极碳底板上，用于引出阴极电流。为了减少由于与电池相关联的导体中的电流而产生金属中的水平电流与磁场的相互作用的金属的波动，电绝缘阻挡构件横向放置在电池的底板上产品金属中的水平电流。这种阻挡构件至少具有耐产品金属的材料的表面层，并从电池底板向上延伸到接近产品金属的正常最大工作水平的高度。

5. 发明授权

US4405415A Electrolytic refining of molten metal 失效
标题翻译：熔融金属的电解精炼
公开(公告)号：US4405415A
公开(公告)日：1983-09-20
申请号：US308472
申请日：1981-10-05
申请人： Ernest W. Dewing , Adam J. Gesing
发明人： Ernest W. Dewing , Adam J. Gesing
IPC分类号： C25C3/04 , C25C3/08 , C25C3/24 , C25C7/00 , C25C3/06
CPC分类号： C25C3/08 , C25C3/04 , C25C3/24 , C25C7/005
摘要： In a process for refining Al or Mg a stream of relatively impure molten metal is passed along one face of a grille separator having interstices of the order of 0.1-1 cm in width. The interstices are filled with a molten salt electrolyte adapted to transport ions of the selected metal (Al or Mg) to a body of refined metal on the opposite side of the separator. The relatively impure metal is made in the anode and the refined metal is the cathode. Refined metal is progressively withdrawn from the cathode. The grille separator may be arranged substantially vertical or substantially horizontal, usually with slight inclination. Passages are preferably provided in the separator to allow escape of gas generated at a metal/electrolyte interface.
摘要翻译：在精炼Al或Mg的过程中，相对不纯的熔融金属的流沿具有宽度为0.1-1cm量级的间隙的格栅分离器的一个表面通过。间隙填充有适于将选定金属（Al或Mg）的离子输送到分离器相对侧上的精制金属体的熔融盐电解质。在阳极中制造相对不纯的金属，精制金属是阴极。精制金属从阴极逐渐取出。格栅分离器可以布置成基本垂直或基本上水平，通常具有轻微的倾斜。优选地在分离器中提供通道以允许逸出在金属/电解质界面处产生的气体。

6. 发明授权

US5409580A Process and apparatus for melting metals and composites while reducing losses due to oxidation 失效
标题翻译：用于熔化金属和复合材料的工艺和设备，同时减少氧化造成的损失
公开(公告)号：US5409580A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-25
申请号：US88803
申请日：1993-07-08
申请人： Adam J. Gesing , Alan D. McLeod , Ernest W. Dewing
发明人： Adam J. Gesing , Alan D. McLeod , Ernest W. Dewing
IPC分类号： C25C3/00 , C25C3/04 , C25C3/06 , C25C3/02 , C25C3/08
CPC分类号： C25C3/04 , C25C3/00 , C25C3/06
摘要： A process and apparatus for melting metals that react rapidly with air at elevated temperatures to form a stable metal oxide and/or that contains a metal oxide prior to being exposed to elevated temperature, while reducing metal losses due to oxidation or the presence of the oxides. The process involves melting the metal in the presence of a molten metal salt metal salt mixture while electrolyzing metal oxide contained in the salt metal salt mixture to convert the oxide to elemental metal. The process requires an metal salt mixture which contains at least 25% by weight, and more preferably 100% by weight, of metal fluoride and which, for the metal being melted, has a composition which remains substantially unchanged during the electrolysis process. The fluoride improves oxide solubility in the metal salt mixture, making it possible to increase current densities without producing anode effects. The stable composition makes it possible to use the metal salt mixture for prolonged periods without change. The apparatus consists of a single vessel having an interior volume divided at least into a melting zone and an electrolysis zone by a heat-resistant partition which allows the metal salt mixture to be recirculated between those zones. The process and apparatus can be used for melting metals, metal matrix composites reinforced by metal oxides and metal foams stabilized by metal oxide particles.
摘要翻译：一种用于熔化在升高的温度下与空气快速反应以形成稳定的金属氧化物的金属和/或在暴露于高温之前含有金属氧化物的金属的方法和装置，同时减少由于氧化或氧化物的存在导致的金属损失。该方法包括在熔融金属盐金属盐混合物的存在下熔化金属，同时电解包含在盐金属盐混合物中的金属氧化物以将氧化物转化为元素金属。该方法需要含有至少25重量％，更优选100重量％的金属氟化物的金属盐混合物，并且对于被熔化的金属具有在电解过程中基本保持不变的组成。氟化物改善了金属盐混合物中的氧化物溶解度，使得可以增加电流密度而不产生阳极效应。稳定的组合物使得可以长时间地使用金属盐混合物而不改变。该装置由具有至少分成熔融区域的内部容积和通过耐热隔板的电解区域的单个容器组成，其允许金属盐混合物在这些区域之间再循环。该方法和装置可用于熔融金属，金属氧化物增强的金属基复合材料和金属氧化物颗粒稳定的金属泡沫。

7. 发明授权

US4226618A Carbothermic production of aluminium 失效
标题翻译：碳化氢生产铝
公开(公告)号：US4226618A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-07
申请号：US64582
申请日：1979-08-07
申请人： Ernest W. Dewing , Frederick W. Southam
发明人： Ernest W. Dewing , Frederick W. Southam
IPC分类号： C22B21/02
CPC分类号： C22B21/02
摘要： In a process for production of aluminium metal carbon monoxide gas evolved at very high temperature through reaction of aluminium carbide and alumina is cooled by contact with a molten alumina slag at a lower temperature to cause back reaction of contained aluminium suboxide and Al vapor and consequent heat transfer to the contacted molten alumina slag.
摘要翻译：在生产铝金属的过程中，通过碳化铝和氧化铝的反应在非常高的温度下放出的一氧化碳气体通过在较低温度下与熔融氧化铝炉渣接触来冷却，从而引起所含有的低铝氧化物和Al蒸气的逆反应，从而导致热转移到接触的熔融氧化铝炉渣。

8. 发明授权

US4668351A Method of producing aluminum 失效
标题翻译：生产铝的方法
公开(公告)号：US4668351A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-26
申请号：US754830
申请日：1985-07-12
申请人： Ernest W. Dewing , Douglas N. Reesor
发明人： Ernest W. Dewing , Douglas N. Reesor
IPC分类号： C22B21/06 , C22B9/10 , C22B21/00 , C25C3/06 , C25C3/24
CPC分类号： C22B21/064
摘要： A method of purifying aluminum contaminated with cerium or other rare earth metal comprises bringing the molten metal into contact with a halogenating agent. Preferred halogenating agents are aluminum fluoride for reducing cerium levels to around 0.1% to 0.3%, and chlorine gas for reducing cerium levels still further, and these may advantageously be used in sequence. Particulate aluminum fluoride may be introduced into the vortex of a stirred body of the molten metal. The controlled addition of chlorine may be effected by bubbling a mixture of chlorine and an inert gas into a body of the molten metal. The cerium contamination may arise from the use of a dimensionally stable anode comprising cerium dioxide in an aluminum reduction cell.
摘要翻译：纯化被铈或其它稀土金属污染的铝的方法包括使熔融金属与卤化剂接触。优选的卤化剂是将铈水平降低至约0.1％至0.3％的氟化铝和用于还原铈水平的氯气，并且可以有利地顺序使用。可将微粒氟化铝引入熔融金属搅拌体的涡流中。氯的控制加入可以通过将氯和惰性气体的混合物鼓泡入熔融金属的主体来实现。铈污染可能源于在铝还原电池中使用包含二氧化铈的尺寸稳定的阳极。

9. 发明授权

US4647357A Aluminium electrolytic reduction cell linings 失效
标题翻译：铝电解还原电池衬里
公开(公告)号：US4647357A
公开(公告)日：1987-03-03
申请号：US617722
申请日：1984-06-06
申请人： Ernest W. Dewing
发明人： Ernest W. Dewing
IPC分类号： C25C3/08 , C25B11/04
CPC分类号： C25C3/085
摘要： The invention concerns cells for production of Al by electrolysis of an alumina-containing electrolyte based on cryolite and having a lining based on alumina for containing the electrolyte. A layer containing an alkali or alkaline earth metal compound, e.g. sodium aluminate, is included in the lining, preferably around the 880.degree. C. isotherm when the cell is in operation. On penetration of the lining by the electrolyte, the compound dissolves in or reacts with the electrolyte so as to raise the solidus and reduce or prevent further penetration.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过电解基于冰晶石的含氧化铝的电解质并具有用于包含电解质的基于氧化铝的衬里来生产Al的电池。含有碱金属或碱土金属化合物的层，例如铝酸钠，包括在衬里中，优选在880℃等温线下，当电池工作时。在通过电解质渗透衬里时，化合物溶解或与电解质反应，以提高固相线，并减少或防止进一步的渗透。

10. 发明授权

US4213599A Apparatus for the production of aluminium 失效
标题翻译：用于生产铝的设备
公开(公告)号：US4213599A
公开(公告)日：1980-07-22
申请号：US909987
申请日：1978-05-26
申请人： Ernest W. Dewing , Jean-Paul R. Huni , Raman R. Sood , Frederick W. Southam
发明人： Ernest W. Dewing , Jean-Paul R. Huni , Raman R. Sood , Frederick W. Southam
IPC分类号： C22B4/02 , C22B5/10 , C22B21/02 , F27B3/08
CPC分类号： C22B21/02 , Y10S75/959 , Y10S75/961
摘要： In a apparatus for the production of aluminium a molten alumina slag, containing combined carbon is circulated through one or more alternately arranged relatively low temperature zones where carbon is added to increase the combined carbon content of the slag by reaction with the alumina slag and high temperature zones where aluminium metal is released by reaction of aluminium carbide and alumina in the slag with consequent depletion of the combined carbon content. Alumina is supplied to the slag at one or more locations. The energy to drive the reactions is preferably supplied by resistance heating of the slag particularly in transit from a low temperature zone to a high temperature zone although usually additional energy is supplied to the slag in the return from a high temperature zone to the next low temperature zone.In most instances the aluminium-liberating reaction is carried out in an upwardly inclined passage and the gas evolved is employed to achieve the circulatory movement of the slag. It is a preferred feature to scrub the gas with carbon without admixed alumina to avoid formation of sticky aluminium oxycarbide in the carbon, which is subsequently added as process charge.
摘要翻译：在用于生产铝的装置中，含有组合碳的熔融氧化铝炉渣通过一个或多个交替布置的相对低温区域循环，其中加入碳以通过与氧化铝炉渣反应而提高炉渣的组合碳含量，并且高温通过在炉渣中碳化铝和氧化铝的反应而释放铝金属的区域，从而导致组合碳含量的消耗。在一个或多个位置将氧化铝供应到炉渣。驱动反应的能量优选通过炉渣的电阻加热来提供，特别是在从低温区域转移到高温区域的过程中，尽管在从高温区到下一个低温的回流中通常向炉渣供给额外的能量区。在大多数情况下，铝释放反应在向上倾斜的通道中进行，并且排出的气体用于实现炉渣的循环运动。优选的特征是用碳擦洗气体，而不用混合的氧化铝，以避免在碳中形成粘性碳氧化铝，随后加入作为过程装料。

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