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1. 发明申请

US20110120723A1 Low Alloy Steels With Superior Corrosion Resistance For Oil Country Tubular Goods 有权
标题翻译：低合金钢，具有优异的耐油腐蚀性，适用于石油国家管材
公开(公告)号：US20110120723A1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-26
申请号：US12600949
申请日：2008-05-02
申请人： Dylan V. Pugh , Joseph C. Bondos , Shiun Ling , Raghavan Ayer , Shalawn K. Jackson , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Swarupa S. Bangaru , Jayoung Koo
发明人： Dylan V. Pugh , Joseph C. Bondos , Shiun Ling , Raghavan Ayer , Shalawn K. Jackson , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Swarupa S. Bangaru , Jayoung Koo
IPC分类号： E21B43/00 , C22C38/14 , C22C38/12 , C21D6/00
CPC分类号： C22C38/02 , C22C38/04 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/14 , C22C38/18
摘要： The present application describes a steel composition that provides enhanced corrosion resistance. This steel composition includes one of vanadium in an amount of 1 wt % to 9 wt %, titanium in an amount of about 1 wt % to 9 wt %, and a combination of vanadium and titanium in an amount of 1 wt % to about 9 wt %. In addition, the steel composition includes carbon in an amount of 0.03 wt % to about 0.45 wt %, manganese in an amount up to 2 wt % and silicon in an amount up to 0.45 wt %. In one embodiment, the steel composition includes a microstructure of one of the following: ferrite, martensite, tempered martensite, dual phase ferrite and martensite, and dual phase ferrite and tempered martensite. Further, the present application describes a method for processing the steel composition and use of equipment such as oil country tubular goods, fabricated with the steel composition.
摘要翻译：本申请描述了提供增强的耐腐蚀性的钢组合物。该钢组合物包括1重量％至9重量％的钒中的一种，约1重量％至9重量％的钛，以及1重量％至约9重量％的钒和钛的组合重量％。此外，钢组合物包括0.03重量％至约0.45重量％的碳，最多达2重量％的锰和至多0.45重量％的硅。在一个实施方案中，钢组合物包括以下之一的微结构：铁素体，马氏体，回火马氏体，双相铁素体和马氏体，以及双相铁素体和回火马氏体。此外，本申请描述了用钢组合物制造的用于加工钢组合物和使用诸如油井筒状物品的设备的方法。

2. 发明授权

US08691030B2 Low alloy steels with superior corrosion resistance for oil country tubular goods 有权
标题翻译：低合金钢，具有优异的耐油性能，适用于油井管状物品
公开(公告)号：US08691030B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-08
申请号：US12600949
申请日：2008-05-02
申请人： Dylan V. Pugh , Joseph C. Bondos , Shiun Ling , Raghavan Ayer , Shalawn K. Jackson , Jayoung Koo , Swarupa S. Bangaru
发明人： Dylan V. Pugh , Joseph C. Bondos , Shiun Ling , Raghavan Ayer , Shalawn K. Jackson , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Jayoung Koo
IPC分类号： C22C38/46 , C22C38/28 , C21D1/18 , C21D6/00
CPC分类号： C22C38/02 , C22C38/04 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/14 , C22C38/18
摘要： The present application describes a steel composition that provides enhanced corrosion resistance. This steel composition includes one of vanadium in an amount of 1 wt % to 9 wt %, titanium in an amount of about 1 wt % to 9 wt %, and a combination of vanadium and titanium in an amount of 1 wt % to about 9 wt %. In addition, the steel composition includes carbon in an amount of 0.03 wt % to about 0.45 wt %, manganese in an amount up to 2 wt % and silicon in an amount up to 0.45 wt %. In one embodiment, the steel composition includes a microstructure of one of the following: ferrite, martensite, tempered martensite, dual phase ferrite and martensite, and dual phase ferrite and tempered martensite. Further, the present application describes a method for processing the steel composition and use of equipment such as oil country tubular goods, fabricated with the steel composition.
摘要翻译：本申请描述了提供增强的耐腐蚀性的钢组合物。该钢组合物包括1重量％至9重量％的钒中的一种，约1重量％至9重量％的钛，以及1重量％至约9重量％的钒和钛的组合重量％。此外，钢组合物包括0.03重量％至约0.45重量％的碳，最多达2重量％的锰和至多0.45重量％的硅。在一个实施方案中，钢组合物包括以下之一的微结构：铁素体，马氏体，回火马氏体，双相铁素体和马氏体，以及双相铁素体和回火马氏体。此外，本申请描述了用钢组合物制造的用于加工钢组合物和使用诸如油井筒状物品的设备的方法。

3. 发明授权

US09896748B2 Low yield ratio dual phase steel linepipe with superior strain aging resistance 有权
公开(公告)号：US09896748B2
公开(公告)日：2018-02-20
申请号：US13361774
申请日：2012-01-30
申请人： Jayoung Koo , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Swarupa Soma Bangaru , Hyun-Woo Jin , Adnan Ozekcin , Raghavan Ayer , Douglas P. Fairchild , Danny L. Beeson , Douglas S. Hoyt , James B. LeBleu, Jr. , Shigeru Endo , Mitsuhiro Okatsu , Shinichi Kakihara , Moriyasu Nagae
发明人： Jayoung Koo , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Hyun-Woo Jin , Adnan Ozekcin , Raghavan Ayer , Douglas P. Fairchild , Danny L. Beeson , Douglas S. Hoyt , James B. LeBleu, Jr. , Shigeru Endo , Mitsuhiro Okatsu , Shinichi Kakihara , Moriyasu Nagae
IPC分类号： C21D8/10 , C22C38/02 , C21D6/00 , C21D8/02 , C21D9/14 , C22C38/04 , C22C38/08 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/14 , C22C38/16
CPC分类号： C22C38/02 , C21D6/005 , C21D8/0226 , C21D8/0263 , C21D9/14 , C21D2211/002 , C21D2211/005 , C21D2211/008 , C22C38/04 , C22C38/08 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/14 , C22C38/16
摘要： A steel composition and method from making a dual phase steel therefrom. The dual phase steel may have carbon of about 0.05% by weight to about 0.12 wt %; niobium of about 0.005 wt % to about 0.03 wt %; titanium of about 0.005 wt % to about 0.02 wt %; nitrogen of about 0.001 wt % to about 0.01 wt %; silicon of about 0.01 wt % to about 0.5 wt %; manganese of about 0.5 wt % to about 2.0 wt %; and a total of molybdenum, chromium, vanadium and copper less than about 0.15 wt %. The steel may have a first phase consisting of ferrite and a second phase having one or more of carbide, pearlite, martensite, lower bainite, granular bainite, upper bainite, and degenerate upper bainite. A solute carbon content in the first phase may be about 0.01 wt % or less.

4. 发明授权

US06254698B1 Ultra-high strength ausaged steels with excellent cryogenic temperature toughness and method of making thereof 失效
标题翻译：具有优异的低温韧性的超高强度耐久钢及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US06254698B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-03
申请号：US09215773
申请日：1998-12-19
申请人： Jayoung Koo , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Glen A. Vaughn , Raghavan Ayer
发明人： Jayoung Koo , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Glen A. Vaughn , Raghavan Ayer
IPC分类号： C21D802
CPC分类号： C21D6/001 , C21D1/19 , C21D1/20 , C21D7/13 , C21D8/02 , C21D8/0226 , C21D9/0068 , C21D9/08 , C21D2211/001 , C21D2211/002 , C21D2211/008 , C22C38/001 , C22C38/04 , C22C38/08 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/14 , C22C38/16
摘要： An ultra-high strength, weldable, low alloy steel with excellent cryogenic temperature toughness in the base plate and in the heat affected zone (HAZ) when welded, having a tensile strength greater than about 830 MPa (120 ksi) and a microstructure comprising (i) predominantly fine-grained lower bainite, fine-grained lath martensite, fine granular bainite (FGB), or mixtures thereof, and (ii) up to about 10 vol % retained austenite, is prepared by heating a steel slab comprising iron and specified weight percentages of some or all of the additives carbon, manganese, nickel, nitrogen, copper, chromium, molybdenum, silicon, niobium, vanadium, titanium, aluminum, and boron; reducing the slab to form plate in one or more passes in a temperature range in which austenite recrystallizes; finish rolling the plate in one or more passes in a temperature range below the austenite recrystallization temperature and above the Ar3 transformation temperature; quenching the finish rolled plate to a suitable Quench Stop Temperature (QST); stopping the quenching; and either, for a period of time, holding the plate substantially isothermally at the QST or slow-cooling the plate before air cooling, or simply air cooling the plate to ambient temperature.
摘要翻译：在焊接时，在底板和热影响区（HAZ）中具有优异的低温韧性的超高强度，可焊接的低合金钢，具有大于约830MPa（120ksi）的拉伸强度和包含（ i）主要是细粒度的下贝氏体，细粒状板条马氏体，细粒状贝氏体（FGB）或其混合物，和（ii）高达约10体积％的残余奥氏体，通过加热包括铁和指定的钢板碳，锰，镍，氮，铜，铬，钼，硅，铌，钒，钛，铝和硼中的一些或所有添加剂的重量百分数。在奥氏体重结晶的温度范围内，在一次或多次通过时，将板坯还原成板; 在低于奥氏体再结晶温度且高于Ar3转变温度的温度范围内，在一个或多个道次中对板进行精轧; 将精轧板淬火至合适的淬火停止温度（QST）; 停止淬火并且在一段时间内，在空气冷却之前将板保持基本上等温，或者在空气冷却之前缓慢冷却板，或者简单地将板空气冷却至环境温度。

5. 发明授权

US6159312A Ultra-high strength triple phase steels with excellent cryogenic temperature toughness 失效
标题翻译：超高强度三相钢，具有优异的低温韧性
公开(公告)号：US6159312A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-12
申请号：US215772
申请日：1998-12-19
申请人： Jayoung Koo , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Raghavan Ayer , Glen A. Vaughn
发明人： Jayoung Koo , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Raghavan Ayer , Glen A. Vaughn
IPC分类号： C21D1/02 , C21D1/19 , C21D8/02 , C22C38/00 , C22C38/04 , C22C38/06 , C22C38/08 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/14 , C22C38/58
CPC分类号： C21D1/19 , C21D1/02 , C21D8/0226 , C22C38/001 , C22C38/04 , C22C38/06 , C22C38/08 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/14 , C21D2211/002 , C21D2211/005 , C21D2211/008 , C21D9/50
摘要： An ultra-high strength, weldable, low alloy, triple phase steel with excellent cryogenic temperature toughness in the base plate and in the heat affected zone (HAZ) when welded, having a tensile strength greater than about 830 MPa (120 ksi) and a microstructure comprising a ferrite phase, a second phase of predominantly lath martensite and lower bainite, and a retained austenite phase, is prepared by heating a steel slab comprising iron and specified weight percentages of some or all of the additives carbon, manganese, nickel, nitrogen, copper, chromium, molybdenum, silicon, niobium, vanadium, titanium, aluminum, and boron; reducing the slab to form plate in one or more passes in a temperature range in which austenite recrystallizes; further reducing the plate in one or more passes in a temperature range below the austenite recrystallization temperature and above the Ar.sub.3 transformation temperature; finish rolling the plate between the Ar.sub.3 transformation temperature and the Ar.sub.1 transformation temperature; quenching the finish rolled plate to a suitable Quench Stop Temperature (QST); and stopping the quenching.
摘要翻译：一种超高强度，可焊接，低合金，三相钢，其在焊接时在基板和热影响区（HAZ）中具有优异的低温韧性，具有大于约830MPa（120ksi）的拉伸强度和通过加热包含铁的钢板和特定重量百分比的一些或全部添加剂碳，锰，镍，氮，制备包含铁素体相，主要是板条马氏体和下贝氏体的第二相以及残余奥氏体相的微观结构铜，铬，钼，硅，铌，钒，钛，铝和硼; 在奥氏体重结晶的温度范围内，在一次或多次通过时，将板坯还原成板; 在低于奥氏体再结晶温度和高于Ar3转变温度的温度范围内，在一个或多个道次中进一步减少板; 在Ar3转变温度和Ar1转变温度之间对板进行精轧; 将精轧板淬火至合适的淬火停止温度（QST）; 并停止淬火。

6. 发明授权

US07731776B2 Bimodal and multimodal dense boride cermets with superior erosion performance 失效
标题翻译：具有优良侵蚀性能的双峰和多峰密集硼化物金属陶瓷
公开(公告)号：US07731776B2
公开(公告)日：2010-06-08
申请号：US11293728
申请日：2005-12-02
申请人： ChangMin Chun , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Neeraj S. Thirumalai , Hyun-Woo Jin , Jayoung Koo , John R. Peterson , Robert L. Antram , Christopher J. Fowler , Emery B. Lendvai-Lintner
发明人： ChangMin Chun , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Neeraj S. Thirumalai , Hyun-Woo Jin , Jayoung Koo , John R. Peterson , Robert L. Antram , Christopher J. Fowler , Emery B. Lendvai-Lintner
IPC分类号： C22C29/14 , B22F3/16
CPC分类号： C22C29/14 , B22F1/0014 , B22F2009/043 , B22F2998/10 , B22F2999/00 , Y10T428/12007 , B22F1/0003 , B22F3/02 , B22F3/1021 , B22F3/1035 , B22F9/04
摘要： Multimodal cermet compositions comprising a multimodal grit distribution of the ceramic phase and method of making are provided by the present invention. The multimodal cermet compositions include a) a ceramic phase and b) a metal binder phase, wherein the ceramic phase is a metal boride with a multimodal distribution of particles, wherein at least one metal is selected from the group consisting of Group IV, Group V, Group VI elements of the Long Form of The Periodic Table of Elements and mixtures thereof, and wherein the metal binder phase comprises at least one first element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Co, Mn and mixtures thereof, and at least second element selected from the group consisting of Cr, Al, Si and Y, and Ti. The method of making multimodal boride cermets includes the steps of mixing multimodal ceramic phase particles and metal phase particles, milling the ceramic and metal phase particles, uniaxially and optionally isostatically pressing the particles, liquid phase sintering of the compressed mixture at elevated temperatures, and finally cooling the multimodal cermet composition. Advantages disclosed by the multimodal cermets are high packing density of the ceramic phase, high fracture toughness and improved erosion resistance at high temperatures up to 1000° C. The disclosed multimodal cermets are suitable in high temperature erosion/corrosion applications in various chemical and petroleum environments.
摘要翻译：包含陶瓷相的多峰砂粒分布的多模金属陶瓷组合物及其制造方法由本发明提供。多峰金属陶瓷组合物包括a）陶瓷相和b）金属粘结相，其中所述陶瓷相是具有多峰颗粒分布的金属硼化物，其中至少一种金属选自第IV族，第V族元素周期表的Long形式的VI族元素及其混合物，其中金属粘合剂相包含至少一种选自Fe，Ni，Co，Mn及其混合物的第一元素，至少选自Cr，Al，Si和Y的第二元素和Ti。制备多峰硼化物金属陶瓷的方法包括以下步骤：将多峰陶瓷相颗粒和金属相颗粒混合，研磨陶瓷和金属相颗粒，单轴和任选地等压挤压颗粒，在高温下液相烧结压缩混合物，最后冷却多峰金属陶瓷组合物。多峰金属陶瓷的优点是陶瓷相的高填充密度，高断裂韧性和在高达1000℃的高温下的耐腐蚀性得到改善。所公开的多峰金属陶瓷适用于各种化学和石油环境中的高温侵蚀/腐蚀应用。

7. 发明授权

US06565678B2 Weld metals with superior low temperature toughness for joining high strength, low alloy steels 有权
公开(公告)号：US06565678B2
公开(公告)日：2003-05-20
申请号：US09920894
申请日：2001-08-02
申请人： Douglas P. Fairchild , Jayoung Koo , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Mario Luis Macia , Danny Lee Beeson , Adnan Ozekcin
发明人： Douglas P. Fairchild , Jayoung Koo , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Mario Luis Macia , Danny Lee Beeson , Adnan Ozekcin
IPC分类号： C22C3808
CPC分类号： C22C38/02 , B23K35/3066 , C21D2211/002 , C21D2211/005 , C21D2211/008 , C22C38/04 , C22C38/08 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/42 , C22C38/44 , C22C38/48 , C22C38/50 , C22C38/58
摘要： Weld metals suitable for joining high strength, low alloy steels are provided. These weld metals have microstructures of acicular ferrite interspersed in a hard constituent, such as lath martensite, yield strengths of at least about 690 MPa (100 ksi), and DBTTs lower than about −50° C. (−58° F.) as measured by a Charpy energy versus temperature curve. These weld metals include about 0.04 wt % to about 0.08 wt % carbon; about 1.0 wt % to about 2.0 wt % manganese; about 0.2 wt % to about 0.7 wt % silicon; about 0.30 wt % to 0.80 wt % molybdenum; about 2.3 wt % to about 3.5 wt % nickel; about 0.0175 wt % to about 0.0400 wt % oxygen, and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of (i) up to about 0.04 wt % zirconium, and (ii) up to about 0.02 wt % titanium.

8. 发明授权

US07048810B2 Method of manufacturing hot formed high strength steel 有权
标题翻译：热成型高强度钢的制造方法
公开(公告)号：US07048810B2
公开(公告)日：2006-05-23
申请号：US10253129
申请日：2002-09-24
申请人： Clifford W. Petersen , Jayoung Koo , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Michael J. Luton
发明人： Clifford W. Petersen , Jayoung Koo , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Michael J. Luton
IPC分类号： C12D8/10
CPC分类号： C21D1/02 , C21D7/13 , C21D8/00 , C21D2211/002 , C21D2211/008 , Y10S148/909
摘要： A method for processing a hot formed, high-tensile-strength steel having an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least about 730 MPa (105 ksi) and excellent toughness to retain essentially all the strength and toughness is provided. This processing is needed for the fabrication of high strength fittings that are used in the construction of linepipe for transport of natural gas, crude oil, as well as other applications. Furthermore, the hot formed high strength steel may be weldable with a Pcm of less than or equal to 0.35.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于处理具有至少约730MPa（105ksi）的极限拉伸强度（UTS）和优异韧性以保持基本上所有强度和韧性的热成型的高拉伸强度钢的方法。这种加工是制造用于天然气，原油以及其他应用的运输管线管道中使用的高强度配件所必需的。此外，热成型的高强度钢可以以小于或等于0.35的Pcm可焊接。

9. 发明授权

US6066212A Ultra-high strength dual phase steels with excellent cryogenic temperature toughness 失效
标题翻译：超高强度双相钢，具有优异的低温韧性
公开(公告)号：US6066212A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-23
申请号：US099152
申请日：1998-06-18
申请人： Jayoung Koo , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru
发明人： Jayoung Koo , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru
IPC分类号： C21D1/02 , C21D1/19 , C21D8/02 , C22C38/00 , C22C38/04 , C22C38/06 , C22C38/08 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/14 , C22C38/58
CPC分类号： C21D1/02 , C21D1/19 , C21D8/0226 , C22C38/001 , C22C38/04 , C22C38/06 , C22C38/08 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/14 , C21D2211/002 , C21D2211/005 , C21D2211/008
摘要： An ultra-high strength, weldable, low alloy, dual phase steel with excellent cryogenic temperature toughness in the base plate and in the heat affected zone (HAZ) when welded, having a tensile strength greater than 830 MPa (120 ksi) and a microstructure comprising a ferrite phase and a second phase of predominantly lath martensite and lower bainite, is prepared by heating a steel slab comprising iron and specified weight percentages of some or all of the additives carbon, manganese, nickel, nitrogen, copper, chromium, molybdenum, silicon, niobium, vanadium, titanium, aluminum, and boron; reducing the slab to form plate in one or more passes in a temperature range in which austenite recrystallizes; further reducing the plate in one or more passes in a temperature range below the austenite recrystallization temperature and above the Ar.sub.3 transformation temperature; finish rolling the plate between the Ar.sub.3 transformation temperature and the Ar.sub.1 transformation temperature; quenching the finish rolled plate to a suitable Quench Stop Temperature (QST); and stopping the quenching.
摘要翻译：一种超高强度，可焊接，低合金，双相钢在焊接时在基板和热影响区（HAZ）中具有优异的低温韧性，拉伸强度大于830MPa（120ksi）和显微组织包括铁素体相和主要是板条马氏体和下贝氏体的第二相，通过加热包括铁的钢坯和特定重量百分比的一些或所有添加剂碳，锰，镍，氮，铜，铬，钼，硅，铌，钒，钛，铝和硼; 在奥氏体重结晶的温度范围内，在一次或多次通过时，将板坯还原成板; 在低于奥氏体再结晶温度和高于Ar3转变温度的温度范围内，在一个或多个道次中进一步减少板; 在Ar3转变温度和Ar1转变温度之间对板进行精轧; 将精轧板淬火至合适的淬火停止温度（QST）; 并停止淬火。

10. 发明授权

US06248191B1 Method for producing ultra-high strength, weldable steels with superior toughness 失效
标题翻译：具有优异韧性的超高强度，可焊接钢的生产方法
公开(公告)号：US06248191B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-19
申请号：US09123858
申请日：1998-07-28
申请人： Michael J. Luton , Jayoung Koo , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Clifford W. Petersen , Hiroshi Tamehiro , Hitoshi Asahi , Takuya Hara , Masaaki Sugiyama
发明人： Michael J. Luton , Jayoung Koo , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , Clifford W. Petersen , Hiroshi Tamehiro , Hitoshi Asahi , Takuya Hara , Masaaki Sugiyama
IPC分类号： C21D800
CPC分类号： C21D6/005 , C21D1/19 , C21D8/0226 , C21D2211/002 , C21D2211/008
摘要： A method is provided for producing an ultra-high strength steel having a tensile strength of at least about 900 MPa (130 ksi), a toughness as measured by Charpy V-notch impact test at −40° C. (−40° F.) of at least about 120 joules (90 ft-lbs), and a microstructure comprising predominantly fine-grained lower bainite, fine-grained lath martensite, or mixtures thereof, transformed from substantially unrecrystallized austenite grains and comprising iron and specified weight percentages of the additives: carbon, silicon, manganese, copper, nickel, niobium, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, titanium, aluminum, calcium, Rare Earth Metals, and magnesium. A steel slab is heated to a suitable temperature; the slab is reduced to form plate in one or more hot rolling passes in a first temperature range in which austenite recrystallizes; said plate is further reduced in one or more hot rolling passes in a second temperature range below said first temperature range and above the temperature at which austenite begins to transform to ferrite during cooling; said plate is quenched to a suitable Quench Stop Temperature; and said quenching is stopped and said plate is allowed to air cool to ambient temperature.
摘要翻译：提供一种制造抗拉强度为至少约900MPa（130ksi）的超高强度钢，-40℃下通过夏比V-缺口冲击试验测得的韧性的方法（-40°F））至少约120焦耳（90ft-lbs），以及由基本上未再结晶的奥氏体晶粒转化并且包含铁和特定重量百分比的主要由细晶粒的下贝氏体，细粒状板条马氏体或其混合物组成的微结构，添加剂：碳，硅，锰，铜，镍，铌，钒，钼，铬，钛，铝，钙，稀土金属和镁。将钢坯加热到合适的温度; 在奥氏体再结晶的第一温度范围内，在一个或多个热轧道中，将板坯还原成板; 所述板在一个或多个热轧道中在低于所述第一温度范围和高于在冷却期间奥氏体开始转变为铁素体的温度的温度范围内进一步减小; 所述板淬火至合适的淬火停止温度; 并且停止淬火，并使所述板空气冷却至环境温度。

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