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1. 发明授权

US4636295A Method for the recovery of lithium from solutions by electrodialysis 失效
标题翻译：通过电渗析从溶液中回收锂的方法
公开(公告)号：US4636295A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-13
申请号：US799701
申请日：1985-11-19
申请人： Donald L. Ball , Daniel A. D. Boateng
发明人： Donald L. Ball , Daniel A. D. Boateng
IPC分类号： B01D57/02 , C01D15/00 , C25B1/16 , B01D13/00 , C25B9/00
CPC分类号： B01D61/44 , B01D71/28 , C01D15/00 , B01D2311/10 , B01D2311/18 , B01D2311/2642 , B01D2321/162
摘要： Lithium-containing brines containing mono and multivalent cations, especially magnesium, and anions are treated by electrodialysis to effect separation of a lithium concentrate low in multivalent cations from which lithium can be recovered as chloride, sulfate, or carbonate. Brine containing 0.03 to 15 g/L Li and a ratio of Mg:Li as high as 60:1 is subjected to one or more electrodialysis steps. The preferred cationic and anionic membranes are those that are strongly acidic and have sulphonic acid radical and trimethylamine derivatives, respectively, as active groups at 3 to 4 milligram equivalent per gram of dry resin and have a matrix of styrene divinyl benzene copolymer on a pvc base. Electrodialysis is carried out at a pH below 7 under turbulent conditions. The number of electrodialysis steps depends on the permselectivity of the membranes, the Mg:Li ratio in the feed and that in the concentrate, the latter being maintained at 5:1 or less. The chloride concentration in the electrode compartments is maintained at less than 3 g/L. In multi-step electrodialysis, a portion of the magnesium may be removed in an intermediate stage by the addition of lime, the lithium in the resulting solution being further concentrated by electrodialysis.
摘要翻译：含有单价和多价阳离子，特别是镁和阴离子的含锂盐水通过电渗析进行处理，以便将多元阳离子中的低浓度锂离子浓缩物从其中回收成锂离子，硫酸盐或碳酸盐。含有0.03〜15g / L Li和高达60:1的Mg:Li比的盐水进行一次或多次电渗析步骤。优选的阳离子和阴离子膜是分别为具有磺酸根和三甲胺衍生物的磺酸基和三甲胺衍生物作为活性基团，每克干树脂为3至4毫克当量，并且在pvc基团上具有苯乙烯二乙烯基苯共聚物基质。在湍流条件下，在低于7的pH下进行电渗析。电渗析步骤的数量取决于膜的选择性，进料中的Mg:Li比和浓缩物中的Mg:Li比保持在5:1或更低。电极室中的氯化物浓度保持在小于3g / L。在多步电渗析中，一部分镁可以通过添加石灰在中间阶段除去，所得溶液中的锂通过电渗析进一步浓缩。

2. 发明授权

US4525332A Recovery of germanium from aqueous solutions 失效
标题翻译：从水溶液中回收锗
公开(公告)号：US4525332A
公开(公告)日：1985-06-25
申请号：US591525
申请日：1984-03-20
申请人： Daniel A. D. Boateng , Donald L. Ball , Godefridus M. Swinkels
发明人： Daniel A. D. Boateng , Donald L. Ball , Godefridus M. Swinkels
IPC分类号： C01G17/00
CPC分类号： C01G17/003 , C22B3/42 , Y02P10/234
摘要： Germanium is recovered from aqueous solutions containing germanium, zinc, and antimony by sorption with an ion exchange resin which has as its matrix a backbone polymer to which are attached amine active groups chosen from secondary and tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium groups. The resin exhibits a high selectivity ratio of germanium relative to antimony. The method is particularly useful for the recovery of germanium from materials or electrolytes encountered in the recovery of zinc from ores and complex concentrates.
摘要翻译：通过用离子交换树脂吸附从含有锗，锌和锑的水溶液中回收锗，其具有作为其主体聚合物的骨架聚合物，其连接有选自仲胺和叔胺和季铵基团的胺活性基团。该树脂相对于锑表现出高的锗选择比。该方法对于从矿石和复合浓缩物中回收锌中遇到的材料或电解质中回收锗尤其有用。

3. 发明授权

US5013358A Method for the recovery of mercury from mercury-containing material 失效
标题翻译：从含汞材料中回收汞的方法
公开(公告)号：US5013358A
公开(公告)日：1991-05-07
申请号：US399140
申请日：1989-08-28
申请人： Donald L. Ball , Daniel A. D. Boateng
发明人： Donald L. Ball , Daniel A. D. Boateng
IPC分类号： C22B43/00
CPC分类号： C22B43/00 , Y02P10/234
摘要： Insoluble mercury salts and any mercury in mercury-containing material are converted into a soluble form by controlled chlorination. The soluble forms of mercury in the chlorination solution are reduced with iron, preferably iron powder, to elemental mercury. After separation from the reduced solution, the solids from the reduction containing entrained mercury, are subjected to a separation for the separation and substantially quantitative recovery of substantially pure mercury. Separation by elutriation through a body of mercury is preferred. Prior to separation, the reduction solids may be kneaded for coalescence of fine mercury particles, followed by slurrying of the kneaded material. Any selenium in the reduced solution may be recovered in a reduction with a suitable reductant, preferably by adding strong sulfuric acid in the presence of the ferrous chloride formed in the preceding reduction, and excess sulfur dioxide. The process is carried out at ambient conditions, and the amount of liquid in the process is controlled. Substantially no mercury is discharged from the process in residues, or residual liquid.
摘要翻译：含汞材料中的不溶性汞盐和任何汞通过受控氯化转化为可溶形式。氯化溶液中的可溶形式的汞用铁（优选铁粉）还原成元素汞。从还原溶液中分离后，将含有夹带汞的还原物的固体进行分离，分离并基本上定量回收基本上纯的汞。优选通过淘洗通过汞体分离。在分离之前，还原固体可以被捏合以用于细汞粒子的聚结，然后将捏合材料浆化。还原溶液中的任何硒可以用合适的还原剂还原回收，优选通过在前述还原中形成的氯化亚铁存在下加入强硫酸和过量的二氧化硫。该过程在环境条件下进行，并且控制该过程中的液体量。残留物或残留液体基本上没有汞从工艺中排出。

4. 发明授权

US4715939A Method for removal of monovalent ions from ZnSO.sub.4 electrolyte by electrodialysis 失效
标题翻译：通过电渗析从ZnSO4电解质中去除一价离子的方法
公开(公告)号：US4715939A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-29
申请号：US41026
申请日：1987-04-21
申请人： Donald L. Ball , Daniel A. D. Boateng
发明人： Donald L. Ball , Daniel A. D. Boateng
IPC分类号： C25C1/16 , B01D61/44 , B01D61/50 , B01D61/54 , B01D61/58 , B01D65/06 , C01G9/06 , B01D13/02
CPC分类号： B01D61/44 , B01D67/0093 , B01D71/28 , C01G9/06 , B01D2311/2642 , B01D2317/025 , B01D2321/162
摘要： Monovalent ions, especially chloride and fluoride, but also thallium, sodium and potassium are efficiently removed from ZnSO.sub.4 electrolyte by electrodialysis. Monovalent anions are removed using alternating monovalent anion permselective membranes and cation exchange membranes. Monovalent anions and cations are removed using alternating monovalent anion and monovalent cation permselective membranes. Electrodialysis is carried out under turbulent conditions, at up to 60.degree. C., a differential membrane pressure of less than 150 kPa, a current density of 10 to 500 A/m.sup.2, and a pH of less than 5.5. Where both chloride and fluoride are removed a pH of 3.5 to 5.5 is maintained. Deposition of manganese and zinc on the electrodes is minimized by at least one of a number of means including arranging the membranes such that the end membranes are monovalent anion permselective; selecting a large electrode rinse flow; adding a small amount of soluble antimony and/or cobalt; and using a cathode made of a material that promotes hydrogen evolution over zinc deposition. The electrode compartments are preferably rinsed with a 0.1 to 1.0 M Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 solution at pH 0 to 4.

5. 发明授权

US4976832A Method for making arsenic acid 失效
标题翻译：制备砷酸的方法
公开(公告)号：US4976832A
公开(公告)日：1990-12-11
申请号：US433867
申请日：1989-11-09
申请人： Daniel A. D. Boateng
发明人： Daniel A. D. Boateng
IPC分类号： B01D61/44 , C01G28/00 , C25B1/22
CPC分类号： C01G28/005 , B01D61/44 , C25B1/22
摘要： An arsenate solution is treated by electrolysis with membranes for at least partial conversion into arsenic acid and hydroxide. Electrolysis is carried out in an electrolytic unit containing an arrangement of electrodes and membranes. Depending on the electrode and membrane type and configuration, arsenic acid having a reduced content of alkali metal or ammonium cations and impurities is recovered. Arsenic acid-containing solution and hydroxide solution are removed. An electrolysis unit comprises, preferably, a stack of 2- or 3-compartment cells, comprising at least one electrode/membrane group arranged between terminal electrodes with or without terminal membranes. Each group may comprise a bipolar or a monopolar electrode in combination with either cationic or cationic and anionic membranes. Hydroxide and acid compartments are defined between electrodes and membranes, and diluate compartments may be defined between membranes.
摘要翻译：通过用膜电解处理砷酸盐溶液，至少部分转化成砷酸和氢氧化物。电解在包含电极和膜的排列的电解单元中进行。根据电极和膜的类型和结构，回收碱金属或铵阳离子和杂质含量降低的砷酸。除去含砷酸的溶液和氢氧化物溶液。电解单元优选地包括2-或3-隔室细胞的堆叠，其包括布置在具有或不具有末端膜的末端电极之间的至少一个电极/膜组。每个组可以包括与阳离子或阳离子和阴离子膜组合的双极或单极电极。在电极和膜之间限定氢氧化物和酸性隔室，并且可以在膜之间限定稀释室。

6. 发明授权

US4961909A Process for the manufacture of copper arsenate 失效
标题翻译：制造砷酸铜的工艺
公开(公告)号：US4961909A
公开(公告)日：1990-10-09
申请号：US433868
申请日：1989-11-09
申请人： Daniel A. D. Boateng
发明人： Daniel A. D. Boateng
IPC分类号： B01D61/44 , C01G28/02 , C25B1/16 , C25B1/22
CPC分类号： C25B1/16 , B01D61/44 , C01G28/02 , C25B1/22 , C01P2006/80 , C01P2006/82
摘要： In a process for the manufacture of copper arsenate, an arsenic-containing material is subjected to an oxidative pressure leach with sodium hydroxide forming a leach solution containing sodium arsenate. Sodium arsenate solution is mixed with a solution of copper sulfate for the formation of a copper and arsenic-containing solution without the precipitation of copper arsenate. The copper and arsenic-containing solution is treated for the precipitation of copper arsenate with formation of sodium sulfate solution. At least one of the sodium arsenate-containing solution and the sodium sulfate solution is subjected to electrolysis with membrances for at least partial conversion to arsenic acid and sulfuric acid, respectively, and sodium hydroxide. The generated sodium hydroxide is used in the process, the sulfuric acid may be a by-product or is recycled for use in the preparation of copper sulfate solution, and the arsenic acid is used instead of sodium arsenate in the formation of the copper and arsenic-containing solution.
摘要翻译：在制造砷酸铜的方法中，用形成含砷酸钠的浸出溶液的氢氧化钠对含砷材料进行氧化压力浸出。将砷酸钠溶液与硫酸铜溶液混合以形成含铜和砷的溶液而不沉淀砷酸铜。处理含铜和砷的溶液，形成硫酸钠溶液沉淀砷酸铜。将至少一种含砷酸钠溶液和硫酸钠溶液分别用膜进行电解，至少部分转化成砷酸和硫酸以及氢氧化钠。在生产过程中使用生成的氢氧化钠，硫酸可以是副产物或再循环用于制备硫酸铜溶液，砷酸代替砷酸钠形成铜和砷含有解决方案。

7. 发明授权

US5531903A Fluoride removal from metal sulphate solution and a method of waste utilization 失效
标题翻译：从金属硫酸盐溶液中除去氟化物和废物利用的方法
公开(公告)号：US5531903A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-02
申请号：US404754
申请日：1995-03-15
申请人： Cashman R. S. M. Hampton , Victor E. Steiner , Daniel A. D. Boateng
发明人： Cashman R. S. M. Hampton , Victor E. Steiner , Daniel A. D. Boateng
IPC分类号： C02F1/00 , C02F1/58 , C02F1/28
CPC分类号： C02F1/281 , C02F2101/14 , C02F2103/28 , Y10S210/915
摘要： A process is provided for the removal of fluoride from a metal sulphate solution, such as a zinc sulphate solution, which presents an option for the disposal of waste treatment sludge from the aluminum anodizing industry. The fluoride is removed from metal sulphate solution by mixing the sludge with the solution for a predetermined period of time and then performing a solid/liquid separation.
摘要翻译：提供了从金属硫酸盐溶液（例如硫酸锌溶液）中除去氟化物的方法，其提供了用于处理来自铝阳极氧化工业的废物处理污泥的选择。通过将污泥与溶液混合一段预定的时间，然后进行固/液分离，从金属硫酸盐溶液中除去氟化物。

8. 发明授权

US5225054A Method for the recovery of cyanide from solutions 失效
标题翻译：从溶液中回收氰化物的方法
公开(公告)号：US5225054A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-06
申请号：US844097
申请日：1992-03-02
申请人： Daniel A. D. Boateng
发明人： Daniel A. D. Boateng
IPC分类号： C02F1/461 , C02F9/00
CPC分类号： C02F1/461 , C02F2101/18
摘要： Cyanide-containing solution is subjected to two-stage membrane electrolysis in units each comprising a cathode, an anode and one or more bipolar electrodes interspaced with cationic membranes defining alternating anode and cathode compartments containing anolyte and catholyte, respectively. Electrolysis causes generation of hydrogen cyanide in the recirculating first stage anolyte, and alkali metal hydroxide is formed in the recirculating first-stage catholyte. The hydrogen cyanide is stripped from the first stage anolyte and is subsequently absorbed in catholyte in an absorption unit for the recovery of alkali metal cyanide-containing solution. Partially cyanide-depleted first-stage anolyte is mixed with an amount of an alkali metal chloride and passed as second-stage anolyte through the second-stage unit for the generation of chlorine with destruction of residual cyanide in the anolyte and the formation of alkali metal hydroxide in the recirculating second-stage catholyte from which a portion is directed to the absorption. A substantially cyanide-free effluent is withdrawn from the circulating second-stage anolyte. To allow for the formation of solid precipitates in the anolyte of the membrane electrolysis stages, the width of the anode compartments may be increased to at least 5 mm. Electrolysis is carried out at current densities in the range of 20 A/m.sup. 2 to 350 A/m.sup.2 and at ambient temperatures.
摘要翻译：含有氰化物的溶液以各自包含阴极，阳极和一个或多个双极电极的单元进行两级膜电解，所述双极电极分别与阳离子膜隔离，阳离子膜分别含有阳极电解液和阴极电解液的阳极和阴极室。电解在再循环的第一级阳极电解液中产生氰化氢，在再循环的第一级阴极电解液中形成碱金属氢氧化物。将氰化氢从第一级阳极电解液中剥离，随后在用于回收含碱金属氰化物的溶液的吸收单元中的阴极电解液中吸收。将部分氰化物贫化的第一级阳极电解液与一定量的碱金属氯化物混合，并通过作为第二级阳极电解液的第二级阳极电解液通过第二级单元以产生氯，同时在阳极电解液中残留氰化物的破坏和碱金属的形成再循环第二阶段阴极电解液中的氢氧化物，其中一部分被引导至吸收。从循环的第二级阳极电解液中取出基本上无氰化物的流出物。为了在膜电解阶段的阳极电解液中形成固体沉淀物，阳极室的宽度可以增加到至少5mm。电解在20A / m 2至350A / m 2范围内的电流密度和环境温度下进行。

9. 发明授权

US5135652A Method for the solvent extraction of zinc 失效
标题翻译：溶剂萃取锌的方法
公开(公告)号：US5135652A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-04
申请号：US603065
申请日：1990-10-25
申请人： Daniel A. D. Boateng
发明人： Daniel A. D. Boateng
IPC分类号： C01G9/00
CPC分类号： C01G9/003 , Y10S75/961
摘要： Zinc is selectively extracted from zinc sulfate solutions that may also contain sulfuric acid and amounts of other metals with an organic extractant mixture containing both organic substituted phosphoric acid and organic substituted thiophosphinic acid. The phosphoric acids are preferably chosen from mono- and di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acids and mixtures thereof, and the phosphinic acids are preferably chosen from bis- 2, 4, 4-trimethylpentyl mono- and dithiophosphinic acids. The use of an extractant mixture of the dithiophosphinic acid with mono- and di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acids or an extractant mixture of the dithiophosphinic acid with di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid is preferred. The pH during zinc extraction is controlled at a value in the range of about 1.3 to 5. Control of pH is carried out either by neutralization or by acid extraction with an organic amine-type extractant. The acid content of the feed solution may be reduced by neutralization or acid removal by dialysis. The solvent extraction of zinc or zinc and acid from feed solution may be carried out co-, counter- or cross-currently in one or more stages. The preferred extraction method is dualcircuit, side-by-side, simultaneous zinc and acid extraction. The use of the mixed extractant for zinc is more effective than extraction with the component extractants by themselves.
摘要翻译：从硫酸锌溶液中选择性地提取锌，硫酸锌溶液还可以含有硫酸和其它金属与含有有机取代的磷酸和有机取代的硫代次膦酸的有机萃取剂混合物。磷酸优选选自单 - 和二-2-乙基己基磷酸及其混合物，次膦酸优选选自双-2,4,4-三甲基戊基单 - 和二硫代次膦酸。使用二硫代次膦酸与磷酸二-2-乙基己酯或二硫代次膦酸与二-2-乙基己基磷酸的萃取剂混合物的萃取剂混合物。锌提取期间的pH控制在约1.3至5的范围内。pH的控制通过中和或通过有机胺型萃取剂的酸萃取来进行。进料溶液的酸含量可以通过透析中和或酸去除来降低。锌或锌和酸从进料溶液中的溶剂萃取可以在一个或多个阶段中共同，反向或交叉进行。优选的提取方法是双电路，并排，同时锌和酸提取。将混合萃取剂用于锌的用途比用组分萃取剂自身萃取更有效。

10. 发明授权

US5110432A Method for separating dissolved species by electrodialysis 失效
标题翻译：通过电渗析分离溶解物质的方法
公开(公告)号：US5110432A
公开(公告)日：1992-05-05
申请号：US602903
申请日：1990-10-25
申请人： Daniel A. D. Boateng
发明人： Daniel A. D. Boateng
IPC分类号： B01D61/44
CPC分类号： B01D61/44
摘要： Electrodialysis is used to separate at least one species of a first group of elements present in ionized form from at least one species of a second group of elements present in nonionized form in water-containing solutions, provided that the pH of the solutions and the oxidation state of species of the second group have the appropriate values. If necessary, either the pH, the oxidation state or both are adjusted in the solution fed to the electrodialysis unit such that species of the first group are present in ionized form and species of the second group are present in a nonionized form. The method is applicable to a large number of solutions from metallurgical and chemical processes. Species of the first group include at least one element of groups IA, except Fr, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA except B, IIIB, IVB, VIIB and VIII except Os of the periodic table; the elements V, Cr, Sn, Pb and Bi; and acids of N, S, F, Cl, Br and I. Species of the second group comprise acids containing at least one element including B, C, Si, Ge, P, As, Sb, Se, Te and F. Electrodialysis is carried out in one of more stages at 10-500 A/m.sup.2 and 0.degree.-60.degree. C. while minimizing water splitting, and using alternating cationic and anionic permselective membranes forming alternating concentrate and diluate cells between an anode and a cathode. The ionized species migrate through the membranes from the diluate to the concentrate cells and the nonionized species remain in the diluate cells. Solution concentrated in ionic species is withdrawn from the concentrate cells, and solution containing the nonionized species is withdrawn from the diluate cells. The electrode compartments are rinsed with appropriate rinse solutions.
摘要翻译：电渗析用于将存在于电离形式中的至少一种元素的至少一种元素与至少一种以非离子形式存在于含水溶液中的第二组元素分离，条件是溶液的pH值和氧化第二组物种的状态具有适当的值。如果需要，可以在供给电渗析装置的溶液中调节pH值，氧化态或二者，使得第一组物质以离子形式存在，而第二组物质以非离子形式存在。该方法适用于大量冶金和化学工艺的解决方案。除了周期表的Os外，B，IIIB，IVB，VIIB和VIII除了Fr，IB，IIA，IIB，IIIA以外的第一组的至少一个元素包括IA组的至少一个元素; 元素V，Cr，Sn，Pb和Bi; N，S，F，Cl，Br和I.的酸。第二组的物质包含含有至少一种元素的酸，包括B，C，Si，Ge，P，As，Sb，Se，Te和F.电渗析在10-500A / m 2和0°-60℃之间的一个阶段中进行，同时最小化水分裂，并且使用在阳极和阴极之间形成交替的浓缩物和稀释细胞的交替的阳离子和阴离子选择性渗透膜。离子化物质通过膜从稀释细胞迁移到浓缩细胞，非离子化物质保留在稀释细胞中。从浓缩细胞中取出浓缩在离子物质中的溶液，从稀释细胞中取出含有非离子物质的溶液。电极隔室用适当的冲洗溶液冲洗。

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