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1. 发明授权

US09617551B2 Method of increasing plant transformation frequency using modified strains of Agrobacteria 有权
公开(公告)号：US09617551B2
公开(公告)日：2017-04-11
申请号：US13812469
申请日：2011-07-29
申请人： Donald J. Merlo , Sean M. Russell , Diane M. Retallack , Aaron T. Woosley , Thomas Meade , Kenneth Narva
发明人： Donald J. Merlo , Sean M. Russell , Diane M. Retallack , Aaron T. Woosley , Thomas Meade , Kenneth Narva
IPC分类号： C12N15/82 , C12N15/74
CPC分类号： C12N15/8205 , C07K14/195 , C07K14/325 , C12N15/74 , C12N15/743 , C12N15/8274 , C12N15/8286 , Y02A40/162
摘要： Agrobacterium strains that harbor transformation-enhancing genes on a plasmid capable of replication independently of the Agrobacterium chromosome, the Ti plasmid, and plant transformation binary vectors, and uses for these Agrobacterium strains are provided. Additionally, Agrobacterium strains that are deficient in DNA recombination functions that result in instability or rearrangement of plant transformation binary vectors, and that harbor transformation-enhancing genes on a plasmid capable of replication independently of the Agrobacterium chromosome, the Ti plasmid, and plant transformation binary vectors, and uses for these strains, are also provided. Further included are Agrobacterium strains that harbor transformation-enhancing genes integrated into the Agrobacterium chromosome at a locus that does not interfere with or otherwise compromise the normal growth and plant transformation ability of the Agrobacterium cells, and uses for these Agrobacterium strains. Plants made using these Agrobacterium strains are also described.

2. 发明申请

US20150267213A1 STRAINS OF AGROBACTERIUM MODIFIED TO INCREASE PLANT TRANSFORMATION FREQUENCY 有权
标题翻译：修改农杆菌菌株以增加植物转化频率
公开(公告)号：US20150267213A1
公开(公告)日：2015-09-24
申请号：US13812469
申请日：2011-07-29
申请人： Donald J. Merlo , Sean M. Russell , Diane M. Retallack , Aaron T. Woosley , Thomas Meade , Kenneth Narva
发明人： Donald J. Merlo , Sean M. Russell , Diane M. Retallack , Aaron T. Woosley , Thomas Meade , Kenneth Narva
IPC分类号： C12N15/82
CPC分类号： C12N15/8205 , C07K14/195 , C07K14/325 , C12N15/74 , C12N15/743 , C12N15/8274 , C12N15/8286 , Y02A40/162
摘要： Agrobacterium strains that harbor transformation-enhancing genes on a plasmid capable of replication independently of the Agrobacterium chromosome, the Ti plasmid, and plant transformation binary vectors, and uses for these Agrobacterium strains are provided. Additionally, Agrobacterium strains that are deficient in DNA recombination functions that result in instability or rearrangement of plant transformation binary vectors, and that harbor transformation-enhancing genes on a plasmid capable of replication independently of the Agrobacterium chromosome, the Ti plasmid, and plant transformation binary vectors, and uses for these strains, are also provided. Further included are Agrobacterium strains that harbor transformation-enhancing genes integrated into the Agrobacterium chromosome at a locus that does not interfere with or otherwise compromise the normal growth and plant transformation ability of the Agrobacterium cells, and uses for these Agrobacterium strains. Plants made using these Agrobacterium strains are also described.
摘要翻译：提供了在能够独立于农杆菌染色体，Ti质粒和植物转化双向载体复制的质粒上携带转化增强基因的土壤杆菌菌株，以及这些农杆菌菌株的用途。另外，缺乏DNA重组功能的农杆菌菌株导致植物转化双向载体的不稳定或重排，并且能够独立于农杆菌染色体，Ti质粒和植物转化二元体的能够复制的质粒上转录增强基因还提供了这些菌株的载体和用途。还包括农杆菌菌株，其在不干扰或以其他方式损害农杆菌细胞的正常生长和植物转化能力的位点处将整合到农杆菌染色体中的转化增强基因并用于这些农杆菌菌株。还描述了使用这些农杆菌菌株制备的植物。

3. 发明授权

US09427003B2 Synthetic genes 有权
标题翻译：合成基因
公开(公告)号：US09427003B2
公开(公告)日：2016-08-30
申请号：US13447836
申请日：2012-04-16
申请人： Ignacio M. Larrinua , Donald J. Merlo , Avutu S. Reddy , Arvind Kumar ThirumalaiswamySekhar , Aaron T. Woosley
发明人： Ignacio M. Larrinua , Donald J. Merlo , Avutu S. Reddy , Arvind Kumar ThirumalaiswamySekhar , Aaron T. Woosley
IPC分类号： C12N15/11 , C12N15/63 , A01H5/00 , A23L1/10 , A23D9/00 , A23L1/20 , A23L1/214 , C07K14/325 , C07K14/435 , C11B1/00 , C12N9/08 , C12N9/02 , C12N15/82
CPC分类号： C12N15/8286 , A23D9/00 , A23L7/10 , A23L7/198 , A23L11/00 , A23L11/05 , A23L19/10 , C07K14/195 , C07K14/325 , C07K14/37 , C07K14/38 , C07K14/415 , C07K14/43595 , C11B1/00 , C12N9/0065 , C12N9/0069 , C12N9/0083 , C12Y111/01015 , C12Y113/00 , Y02A40/162
摘要： The invention provides synthetic nucleic acid sequences encoding proteins of interest that are particularly adapted to express well in plants. The claimed synthetic sequences utilize plant-optimized codons roughly in the same frequency at which they are utilized, on average, in genes naturally occurring in the plant species. The invention further includes synthetic DNA sequence for herbicide tolerance, water and/or heat stress tolerance, healthy oil modifications and for transformation marker genes and selectable marker genes are used. DNA construct and transgenic plants containing the synthetic sequences are taught as are methods and compositions for using the plants in agriculture.
摘要翻译：本发明提供编码感兴趣的蛋白质的合成核酸序列，其特别适于在植物中表达良好。所要求的合成序列利用植物优化的密码子，其平均来说在天然存在于植物物种中的基因中使用大致相同的频率。本发明还包括用于除草剂耐受性，水和/或热胁迫耐受性，健康油改性和用于转化标记基因和选择标记基因的合成DNA序列。教导含有合成序列的DNA构建体和转基因植物，以及在农业中使用植物的方法和组合物。

4. 发明申请

US20110107455A1 Novel Selectable Marker Genes 审中-公开
标题翻译：新型可选标记基因
公开(公告)号：US20110107455A1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-05
申请号：US12517906
申请日：2007-12-07
申请人： Justin M. Lira , Terry R. Wright , Sean M. Russell , Donald J. Merlo , Steven Robert Webb , Nicole L. Arnold , Andrew E. Robinson , Kelley A. Smith
发明人： Justin M. Lira , Terry R. Wright , Sean M. Russell , Donald J. Merlo , Steven Robert Webb , Nicole L. Arnold , Andrew E. Robinson , Kelley A. Smith
IPC分类号： C12N15/82 , C12N5/10 , C12N15/63 , C12Q1/04 , A01H5/10 , A01H1/00 , C12N9/10 , C12N1/21 , A01N57/18 , C12Q1/68 , A01H5/00
摘要： The subject invention relates to a novel gene referred to herein as DSM-2. This gene was identified in Sterptomyces coelicolor A3. The DSM-2 protein is distantly related to PAT and BAR. The subject invention also provides plant-optimized genes encoding DSM-2 proteins, DSM-2 can be used as a transgenic trait to impart tolerance in plants and plant cells to the herbicides glufosinate and bialaphos. One preferred use of the subject genes are as selectable markers. The use of this gene as a selectable marker in a bacterial system can increase efficiency for plant transformations. Use of DSM-2 as the sole selection marker eliminates the need for an additional medicinal antibiotic marker (such as ampicillin resistance) during cloning. Various other uses are also possible according to the subject invention.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及本文称为DSM-2的新基因。该基因在天竺葵A3中鉴定。 DSM-2蛋白与PAT和BAR密切相关。本发明还提供编码DSM-2蛋白质的植物优化基因，DSM-2可用作转基因性状，以将植物和植物细胞中的耐受性赋予除草剂草铵膦和双丙二酸。主题基因的一个优选用途是选择标记。在细菌系统中使用该基因作为选择标记可以提高植物转化的效率。使用DSM-2作为唯一选择标记，在克隆过程中不需要额外的药用抗生素标记（如氨苄青霉素抗性）。根据本发明，各种其他用途也是可能的。

5. 发明授权

US10752913B2 Selectable marker genes 有权
公开(公告)号：US10752913B2
公开(公告)日：2020-08-25
申请号：US12517906
申请日：2007-12-07
申请人： Justin M. Lira , Terry R. Wright , Sean M. Russell , Donald J. Merlo , Steven R. Webb , Nicole L. Arnold , Andrew E. Robinson , Kelley A. Smith
发明人： Justin M. Lira , Terry R. Wright , Sean M. Russell , Donald J. Merlo , Steven R. Webb , Nicole L. Arnold , Andrew E. Robinson , Kelley A. Smith
IPC分类号： C12N15/82
摘要： The subject invention relates to a novel gene referred to herein as DSM-2. This gene was identified in Sterptomyces coelicolor A3. The DSM-2 protein is distantly related to PAT and BAR. The subject invention also provides plant-optimized genes encoding DSM-2 proteins, DSM-2 can be used as a transgenic trait to impart tolerance in plants and plant cells to the herbicides glufosinate and bialaphos. One preferred use of the subject genes are as selectable markers. The use of this gene as a selectable marker in a bacterial system can increase efficiency for plant transformations. Use of DSM-2 as the sole selection marker eliminates the need for an additional medicinal antibiotic marker (such as ampicillin resistance) during cloning. Various other uses are also possible according to the subject invention.

6. 发明申请

US20090221501A1 MIXING AND MATCHING TC PROTEINS FOR PEST CONTROL 有权
标题翻译：混合和匹配TC蛋白进行病虫害防治
公开(公告)号：US20090221501A1
公开(公告)日：2009-09-03
申请号：US12371825
申请日：2009-02-16
申请人： Timothy D. Hey , Amanda D. Schleper , Scott A. Bevan , Scott B. Bintrim , Jon C. Mitchell , Ze Sheng Li , Weiting Ni , Baolong Zhu , Donald J. Merlo , Patricia C. Apel-Birkhold , Thomas Meade
发明人： Timothy D. Hey , Amanda D. Schleper , Scott A. Bevan , Scott B. Bintrim , Jon C. Mitchell , Ze Sheng Li , Weiting Ni , Baolong Zhu , Donald J. Merlo , Patricia C. Apel-Birkhold , Thomas Meade
IPC分类号： A61K38/16 , A01P7/04
CPC分类号： C07K14/195 , A01N37/46 , A01N63/02 , C07K14/24 , C12N15/8286 , Y02A40/162
摘要： The subject invention relates to the surprising discovery that toxin complex (TC) proteins, obtainable from Xenorhabdus, Photorhabdus, and Paenibacillus, can be used interchangeably with each other. In particularly preferred embodiments of the subject invention, the toxicity of a “stand-alone” TC protein (from Photorhabdus, Xenorhabdus, or Paenibacillus, for example) is enhanced by one or more TC protein “potentiators” derived from a source organism of a different genus from which the toxin was derived. As one skilled in the art will recognize with the benefit of this disclosure, this has broad implications and expands the range of utility that individual types of TC proteins will now be recognized to have. Among the most important advantages is that one skilled in the art will now be able to use a single set of potentiators to enhance the activity of a stand-alone Xenorhabdus protein toxin as well as a stand-alone Photorhabdus protein toxin. (As one skilled in the art knows, Xenorhabdus toxin proteins tend to be more desirable for controlling lepidopterans while Photorhabdus toxin proteins tend to be more desirable for controlling coleopterans.) This reduces the number of genes, and transformation events, needed to be expressed by a transgenic plant to achieve effective control of a wider spectrum of target pests. Certain preferred combinations of heterologous TC proteins are also disclosed herein. Other objects, advantages, and features of the subject invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art having the benefit of the subject disclosure.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及令人惊奇的发现，可以从Xenorhabdus，Photorhabdus和Paenibacillus获得的毒素复合物（TC）蛋白质彼此互换使用。在本发明的特别优选的实施方案中，“独立”TC蛋白（例如，来自Photorhabdus，Xenorhabdus或Paenibacillus的例如）的毒性由一种或多种衍生自以下的源生物体的TC蛋白“增强剂”增强来源于毒素的不同属。本领域技术人员将会认识到本公开的益处，这具有广泛的含义并扩大了现在将认识到各种类型的TC蛋白质具有的效用范围。最重要的优点之一是，本领域技术人员现在将能够使用单一增强剂来增强独立的Xenorhabdus蛋白毒素的活性以及独立的Photorhabdus蛋白毒素。（如本领域技术人员所知，Xenorhabdus毒素蛋白质倾向于更好地控制鳞翅目，而Photorhabdus毒素蛋白质倾向于更有利于控制鞘翅目）。这减少了需要表达的基因数量和转化事件一个转基因植物，以实现更广泛的目标害虫的有效控制。异源TC蛋白的某些优选组合也在本文中公开。受益于本发明的本发明的其它目的，优点和特征对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。

7. 发明授权

US07491698B2 Mixing and matching TC proteins for pest control 有权
标题翻译：混合和匹配TC蛋白用于病虫害防治
公开(公告)号：US07491698B2
公开(公告)日：2009-02-17
申请号：US10754115
申请日：2004-01-07
申请人： Timothy D. Hey , Amanda D. Schleper , Scott A. Bevan , Scott B. Bintrim , Jon C. Mitchell , Ze Sheng Li , Weiting Ni , Baolong Zhu , Donald J. Merlo , Patricia C. Apel-Birkhold , Thomas Meade
发明人： Timothy D. Hey , Amanda D. Schleper , Scott A. Bevan , Scott B. Bintrim , Jon C. Mitchell , Ze Sheng Li , Weiting Ni , Baolong Zhu , Donald J. Merlo , Patricia C. Apel-Birkhold , Thomas Meade
IPC分类号： A61K38/16 , A01N33/04 , C07K14/195
CPC分类号： C07K14/195 , A01N37/46 , A01N63/02 , C07K14/24 , C12N15/8286 , Y02A40/162
摘要： The subject invention relates to the surprising discovery that toxin complex (TC) proteins, obtainable from Xenorhabdus, Photorhabdus, and Paenibacillus, can be used interchangeably with each other. In particularly preferred embodiments of the subject invention, the toxicity of a “stand-alone” TC protein (from Photorhabdus, Xenorhabdus, or Paenibacillus, for example) is enhanced by one or more TC protein “potentiators” derived from a source organism of a different genus from which the toxin was derived. As one skilled in the art will recognize with the benefit of this disclosure, this has broad implications and expands the range of utility that individual types of TC proteins will now be recognized to have. Among the most important advantages is that one skilled in the art will now be able to use a single set of potentiators to enhance the activity of a stand-alone Xenorhabdus protein toxin as well as a stand-alone Photorhabdus protein toxin. (As one skilled in the art knows, Xenorhabdus toxin proteins tend to be more desirable for controlling lepidopterans while Photorhabdus toxin proteins tend to be more desirable for controlling coleopterans.) This reduces the number of genes, and transformation events, needed to be expressed by a transgenic plant to achieve effective control of a wider spectrum of target pests. Certain preferred combinations of heterologous TC proteins are also disclosed herein. Other objects, advantages, and features of the subject invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art having the benefit of the subject disclosure.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及令人惊奇的发现，可以从Xenorhabdus，Photorhabdus和Paenibacillus获得的毒素复合物（TC）蛋白质彼此互换使用。在本发明的特别优选的实施方案中，“独立”TC蛋白（例如，来自Photorhabdus，Xenorhabdus或Paenibacillus的例如）的毒性由一种或多种衍生自以下的源生物体的TC蛋白“增强剂”增强来源于毒素的不同属。本领域技术人员将会认识到本公开的益处，这具有广泛的含义并扩大了现在将认识到各种类型的TC蛋白质具有的效用范围。最重要的优点之一是，本领域技术人员现在将能够使用单一增强剂来增强独立的Xenorhabdus蛋白毒素的活性以及独立的Photorhabdus蛋白毒素。（如本领域技术人员所知，Xenorhabdus毒素蛋白质倾向于更好地控制鳞翅目，而Photorhabdus毒素蛋白质倾向于更有利于控制鞘翅目）。这减少了需要表达的基因数量和转化事件一个转基因植物，以实现更广泛的目标害虫的有效控制。异源TC蛋白的某些优选组合也在本文中公开。受益于本发明的本发明的其它目的，优点和特征对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。

8. 发明授权

US08084418B2 Methods of inhibiting insects by treatment with a complex comprising a Photorhabdus insecticidal protein and one or two Xenorhabdus enhancer proteins 有权
标题翻译：通过用包含Photorhabdus杀虫蛋白和一种或两种Xenorhabdus增强子蛋白的复合物处理来抑制昆虫的方法
公开(公告)号：US08084418B2
公开(公告)日：2011-12-27
申请号：US12371825
申请日：2009-02-16
申请人： Timothy D. Hey , Amanda D. Schleper , Scott A. Bevan , Scott B. Bintrim , Jon C. Michell , Ze Sheng Li , Weiting Ni , Baolong Zhu , Donald J. Merlo , Patricia C. Apel-Birkhold , Thomas Meade
发明人： Timothy D. Hey , Amanda D. Schleper , Scott A. Bevan , Scott B. Bintrim , Jon C. Michell , Ze Sheng Li , Weiting Ni , Baolong Zhu , Donald J. Merlo , Patricia C. Apel-Birkhold , Thomas Meade
IPC分类号： A01N33/04 , A01N25/00 , A61K38/16 , C07K14/195
CPC分类号： C07K14/195 , A01N37/46 , A01N63/02 , C07K14/24 , C12N15/8286 , Y02A40/162
摘要： The subject invention relates to the surprising discovery that toxin complex (TC) proteins, obtainable from Xenorhabdus, Photorhabdus, and Paenibacillus, can be used interchangeably with each other. In particularly preferred embodiments of the subject invention, the toxicity of a “stand-alone” TC protein (from Photorhabdus, Xenorhabdus, or Paenibacillus, for example) is enhanced by one or more TC protein “potentiators” derived from a source organism of a different genus from which the toxin was derived. As one skilled in the art will recognize with the benefit of this disclosure, this has broad implications and expands the range of utility that individual types of TC proteins will now be recognized to have. Among the most important advantages is that one skilled in the art will now be able to use a single set of potentiators to enhance the activity of a stand-alone Xenorhabdus protein toxin as well as a stand-alone Photorhabdus protein toxin. (As one skilled in the art knows, Xenorhabdus toxin proteins tend to be more desirable for controlling lepidopterans while Photorhabdus toxin proteins tend to be more desirable for controlling coleopterans.) This reduces the number of genes, and transformation events, needed to be expressed by a transgenic plant to achieve effective control of a wider spectrum of target pests. Certain preferred combinations of heterologous TC proteins are also disclosed herein. Other objects, advantages, and features of the subject invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art having the benefit of the subject disclosure.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及令人惊奇的发现，可以从Xenorhabdus，Photorhabdus和Paenibacillus获得的毒素复合物（TC）蛋白质彼此互换使用。在本发明的特别优选的实施方案中，“独立”TC蛋白（例如，来自Photorhabdus，Xenorhabdus或Paenibacillus的例如）的毒性由一种或多种衍生自以下物质的来源生物体的TC蛋白“增强剂”增强来源于毒素的不同属。本领域技术人员将会认识到本公开的益处，这具有广泛的含义并扩大了现在将认识到各种类型的TC蛋白质具有的效用范围。最重要的优点之一是，本领域技术人员现在将能够使用单一增强剂来增强独立的Xenorhabdus蛋白毒素的活性以及独立的Photorhabdus蛋白毒素。（如本领域技术人员所知，Xenorhabdus毒素蛋白质倾向于更好地控制鳞翅目，而Photorhabdus毒素蛋白质倾向于更有利于控制鞘翅目）。这减少了需要表达的基因数量和转化事件一个转基因植物，以实现更广泛的目标害虫的有效控制。异源TC蛋白的某些优选组合也在本文中公开。受益于本发明的本发明的其它目的，优点和特征对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。

9. 发明授权

US09127289B2 Herbicide resistance genes 有权
标题翻译：除草剂抗性基因
公开(公告)号：US09127289B2
公开(公告)日：2015-09-08
申请号：US12951813
申请日：2010-11-22
申请人： Terry R. Wright , Justin M. Lira , Donald J. Merlo , Nicole L. Arnold
发明人： Terry R. Wright , Justin M. Lira , Donald J. Merlo , Nicole L. Arnold
IPC分类号： C12N15/82 , C12N9/02
CPC分类号： C12N15/8274 , C12N9/0069 , C12N15/8209
摘要： The subject invention provides novel plants that are not only resistant to 2,4-D and other phenoxy auxin herbicides, but also to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides. Heretofore, there was no expectation or suggestion that a plant with both of these advantageous properties could be produced by the introduction of a single gene. The subject invention also includes plants that produce one or more enzymes of the subject invention alone or “stacked” together with another herbicide resistance gene, preferably a glyphosate resistance gene, so as to provide broader and more robust weed control, increased treatment flexibility, and improved herbicide resistance management options. More specifically, preferred enzymes and genes for use according to the subject invention are referred to herein as AAD (aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase) genes and proteins. No α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase enzyme has previously been reported to have the ability to degrade herbicides of different chemical classes and modes of action. This highly novel discovery is the basis of significant herbicide tolerant crop trait opportunities as well as development of selectable marker technology. The subject invention also includes related methods of controlling weeds. The subject invention enables novel combinations of herbicides to be used in new ways. Furthermore, the subject invention provides novel methods of preventing the formation of, and controlling, weeds that are resistant (or naturally more tolerant) to one or more herbicides such as glyphosate.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了不仅对2,4-D和其它苯氧基生长素除草剂具有抗性的新型植物，而且还涉及芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯除草剂。迄今为止，没有任何期望或建议，通过引入单一基因可以产生具有这两种有利性质的植物。本发明还包括单独产生本发明的一种或多种酶或与另一种除草剂抗性基因“优选地基于草甘膦抗性”基因“堆叠”的植物，以便提供更广泛和更强大的杂草控制，增加的治疗灵活性，和改善除草剂抗性管理方案。更具体地，根据本发明使用的优选的酶和基因在本文中称为AAD（芳氧基链烷酸酯加氧酶）基因和蛋白质。据报道，没有α-酮戊二酸依赖性双加氧酶具有降解不同化学类别和作用模式的除草剂的能力。这种高度新颖的发现是显着的除草剂耐受性作物性状机会以及可选择标记技术的发展的基础。本发明还包括控制杂草的相关方法。本发明能够以新的方式使用除草剂的新型组合。此外，本发明提供了防止对一种或多种除草剂如草甘膦具有抗性（或天然更耐受）的杂草的形成和控制的新方法。

10. 发明申请

US20090093366A1 Novel Herbicide Resistance Genes 有权
标题翻译：新型除草剂抗性基因
公开(公告)号：US20090093366A1
公开(公告)日：2009-04-09
申请号：US11587893
申请日：2005-05-02
申请人： Terry R. Wright , Justin M. Lira , Donald J. Merlo , Nicole L. Arnold
发明人： Terry R. Wright , Justin M. Lira , Donald J. Merlo , Nicole L. Arnold
IPC分类号： A01N39/02 , C12N5/10 , A01H5/00 , A01N37/00 , C07H21/04 , C12Q1/68
CPC分类号： C12N15/8274 , C12N9/0069 , C12N15/8209
摘要： The subject invention provides novel plants that are not only resistant to 2,4-D and other phenoxy auxin herbicides, but also to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides. Heretofore, there was no expectation or suggestion that a plant with both of these advantageous properties could be produced by the introduction of a single gene. The subject invention also includes plants that produce one or more enzymes of the subject invention alone or “stacked” together with another herbicide resistance gene, preferably a glyphosate resistance gene, so as to provide broader and more robust weed control, increased treatment flexibility, and improved herbicide resistance management options. More specifically, preferred enzymes and genes for use according to the subject invention are referred to herein as AAD (aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase) genes and proteins. No α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase enzyme has previously been reported to have the ability to degrade herbicides of different chemical classes and modes of action. This highly novel discovery is the basis of significant herbicide tolerant crop trait opportunities as well as development of selectable marker technology. The subject invention also includes related methods of controlling weeds. The subject invention enables novel combinations of herbicides to be used in new ways. Furthermore, the subject invention provides novel methods of preventing the formation of, and controlling, weeds that are resistant (or naturally more tolerant) to one or more herbicides such as glyphosate.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了不仅对2,4-D和其它苯氧基生长素除草剂具有抗性的新型植物，而且还涉及芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯除草剂。迄今为止，没有任何期望或建议，通过引入单一基因可以产生具有这两种有利性质的植物。本发明还包括单独产生本发明的一种或多种酶或与另一种除草剂抗性基因“优选地基于草甘膦抗性”基因“堆叠”的植物，以便提供更广泛和更强大的杂草控制，增加的治疗灵活性，和改善除草剂抗性管理方案。更具体地，根据本发明使用的优选的酶和基因在本文中称为AAD（芳氧基链烷酸酯加氧酶）基因和蛋白质。据报道，没有α-酮戊二酸依赖性双加氧酶具有降解不同化学类别和作用模式的除草剂的能力。这种高度新颖的发现是显着的除草剂耐受性作物性状机会以及可选择标记技术的发展的基础。本发明还包括控制杂草的相关方法。本发明能够以新的方式使用除草剂的新型组合。此外，本发明提供了防止对一种或多种除草剂如草甘膦具有抗性（或天然更耐受）的杂草的形成和控制的新方法。

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