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1. 发明授权

US06288975B1 Acoustic sensing system for downhole seismic applications utilizing an array of fiber optic sensors 有权
公开(公告)号：US06288975B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-11
申请号：US09429067
申请日：1999-10-29
申请人： Donald A. Frederick , Michael J. Carter , Samuel Fersht , David C. Winslow
发明人： Donald A. Frederick , Michael J. Carter , Samuel Fersht , David C. Winslow
IPC分类号： G01V140
CPC分类号： G01V1/186 , G01H9/004 , G01V1/40 , Y10S367/912
摘要： A system for sensing subterranean acoustic waves emitted from an acoustic source includes a plurality of laser sources, a plurality of subterranean optical sensors, at least one optical detector, and electronics. The laser sources each emit light at a different frequency. The subterranean optical sensors receive the light and alter the light in response to the acoustic waves. The optical detector receives the altered light and outputs an electrical signal. The electronics receives the electrical signal and converts it into seismic data format. Preferably, the light emitted from the optical sources is modulated at a plurality of modulation frequencies. The electronics can be used to demodulate the signal. The electronics may demodulate the electrical signal by mixing the signal with periodic waveforms having frequencies corresponding to the modulation frequencies and twice the modulation frequencies. The modulation frequencies are selected such that at least one of the second harmonic frequencies associated with the modulation frequencies is interleaved in a non-interfering manner within the corresponding set of first harmonic frequencies. Preferably, the modulation frequencies are selected such that at least one of the first harmonic frequencies is interleaved in a non-interfering manner within the corresponding set of modulation frequencies. The hydrophone for sensing the acoustic signals is able to operate at pressures of at least 5,000 psi and temperatures of at least 130 degrees Celsius. The hydrophone may be housed in a cable having a diameter of less than about 1.5 inches. The hydrophone's sensor preferably includes a reference mandrel, two sensing mandrels, and a telemetry can, all of which are aligned in a coaxial, end-to-end configuration to reduce the profile of the hydrophone. Flexible interlinks having grooves therein for receiving optical fiber join the mandrels together. The reference mandrel and sensing mandrels advantageously have hemispherically-shaped endcaps, permitting them to operate at high pressure.

2. 发明授权

US07227814B2 Repairable fiber optic hydrophone assembly 失效
标题翻译：可修复光纤水听器组件
公开(公告)号：US07227814B2
公开(公告)日：2007-06-05
申请号：US11072602
申请日：2005-03-04
申请人： Donald A. Frederick , Joseph S. Salinas
发明人： Donald A. Frederick , Joseph S. Salinas
IPC分类号： G01B9/02 , H04R23/00
CPC分类号： G01V1/186 , G01H9/004
摘要： A re-enterable end-to-end hydrophone assembly which is at least partially transparent, so that the routing of the hydrophone fibers is visible during all phases of assembly and operation. The inventive hydrophone assembly includes a cylindrical sensing mandrel with at least one optical fiber wrapped around its outer wall, and an at least partially transparent oil-filled reference housing attached to the sensing mandrel. The reference housing contains an internal support for holding at least one end of the optical fiber, as well as other hydrophone components such as input couplers, output couplers, and the like. The inventive hydrophone assemblies can be easily disassembled, repaired, and reassembled, facilitating recovery and reuse of expensive optical components.
摘要翻译：一种可重新进入的端对端水听器组件，其至少部分透明，使得在组装和操作的所有阶段期间可以看到水听器纤维的布线。本发明的水听器组件包括圆柱形感测心轴，其具有围绕其外壁缠绕的至少一个光纤，以及连接到感测心轴的至少部分透明的充满油的参考外壳。参考外壳包含用于保持光纤的至少一端的内部支撑，以及其它水听器组件，例如输入耦合器，输出耦合器等。本发明的水听器组件可以容易地拆卸，修理和重新组装，便于昂贵的光学部件的恢复和再利用。

3. 发明授权

US5867258A System for multiplexed high resolution measurement of frequency variations in multimode fiber laser acoustic sensors 失效
标题翻译：多模光纤激光声学传感器频率变化多路复用高分辨率测量系统
公开(公告)号：US5867258A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-02
申请号：US958365
申请日：1997-10-27
申请人： Donald A. Frederick , Steven G. Bell
发明人： Donald A. Frederick , Steven G. Bell
IPC分类号： G01B9/00 , G01H9/00 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/07 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01H9/004
摘要： A system for performing high resolution measurement of frequency variations in multimode fiber laser acoustic sensors having an end-pumped active fiber sensor emitting a plurality of lasing modes, wherein precise frequencies of the lasing modes emitted are dependent upon a strain acting on said acoustic sensor. An optical fiber is connected to the active fiber sensor for transmitting the lasing modes. The optical fiber transmits the multiple lasing modes to an optical amplifier fiber where the lasing mode signals are amplified. The amplified lasing modes signals are then fed through a phase modulator connected to the optical fiber for applying a phase generated carrier on the lasing mode signals. The output from the phase modulator is supplied to a receiving interferometer having a predetermined path imbalance for interferometrically analyzing the frequency shifts of each of the lasing mode signals, wherein the predetermined path imbalance is matched with the longitudinal mode spacing between the lasing modes of the active fiber sensor. A demodulation unit is connected to the receiving interferometer for receiving and demodulating the output of the receiving interferometer to determine the frequency shift incurred by the lasing mode signals, wherein the demodulated frequency shift is proportional to the strain acting on the acoustic sensor. In an alternative embodiment, a plurality of active fiber sensors may be pumped by a single laser light source with their outputs multiplexed together and fed through the receiving interferometer for interferometric analysis of all the signals.
摘要翻译：一种用于对具有发射多个激光模式的端部泵浦有源光纤传感器的多模光纤激光声传感器中的频率变化进行高分辨率测量的系统，其中发射的激光模式的精确频率取决于作用在所述声学传感器上的应变。光纤连接到有源光纤传感器，用于传输激光模式。光纤将多个激光模式传输到激光模式信号被放大的光放大器光纤。放大的激光模式信号然后通过连接到光纤的相位调制器馈送，以在激光模式信号上施加相位产生的载波。来自相位调制器的输出被提供给具有预定路径不平衡的接收干涉仪，用于干涉地分析每个激光模式信号的频移，其中预定路径不平衡与激活的激光的激光模式之间的纵向模式间隔相匹配光纤传感器。解调单元连接到接收干涉仪，用于接收和解调接收干涉仪的输出，以确定由激光模式信号引起的频移，其中解调的频移与作用在声传感器上的应变成比例。在替代实施例中，多个有源光纤传感器可以被单个激光光源泵浦，其输出被多路复用在一起，并通过接收干涉仪馈送以进行所有信号的干涉分析。

4. 发明授权

US5815266A Sensing method and apparatus 失效
标题翻译：检测方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5815266A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-29
申请号：US749565
申请日：1996-11-15
申请人： Samuel N. Fersht , Donald A. Frederick
发明人： Samuel N. Fersht , Donald A. Frederick
IPC分类号： G01L1/24 , G01B9/02 , G01D5/353 , G01J9/02 , G01K11/12
CPC分类号： G01D5/35383
摘要： The invention is a method and apparatus for determining the phase difference of light waves after propagating through each of one or more two-path pairs, a two-path pair being two optical transmission paths connecting a common entry point to a common exit point. Coherent light pulses of predetermined duration are fed into the entry point of each two-path pair in a group of two-path pairs at predetermined time intervals, the pulse duration being subdivided into a plurality of predetermined time segments. The light has a different frequency during each time segment. The light pulses at the exit points of the two-path pairs are delayed by predetermined time increments and then combined into a combination light signal. The combination light signal is converted into an electrical signal, the amplitude of the electrical signal as a function of time being proportional to the combination-light-signal power as a function of time. The phase difference for each two-path pair is determined from amplitude values of the electrical signal.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种用于确定传播通过一个或多个双向路径对中的每一个的光波的相位差的方法和装置，双向路径对是将公共入口点连接到公共出口点的两个光学传输路径。以预定时间间隔将预定持续时间的相干光脉冲馈送到一组双通道对中的每个双通道对的入口点，脉冲持续时间被细分为多个预定时间段。光在每个时间段有不同的频率。在双路对的出口处的光脉冲被延迟预定的时间增量，然后组合成组合光信号。组合光信号被转换为电信号，作为时间的函数的电信号的幅度与作为时间的函数的组合光信号功率成比例。每个双通道对的相位差由电信号的振幅值确定。

5. 发明授权

US07054521B2 Architecture for large optical fiber array using standard 1×2 couplers 有权
标题翻译：使用标准1x2耦合器的大型光纤阵列架构
公开(公告)号：US07054521B2
公开(公告)日：2006-05-30
申请号：US10864656
申请日：2004-06-09
申请人： Craig W. Hodgson , Donald A. Frederick
发明人： Craig W. Hodgson , Donald A. Frederick
IPC分类号： G02B6/28 , G02B6/26 , G01J1/04 , G01J1/42
CPC分类号： G01D5/35383
摘要： Sensor arrays utilizing standard 1×2 couplers reduce the differences in the returned optical power levels by appropriate selection of the coupling ratios. Preferred embodiments are described that comprise 6 distribution fiber lines and 16 return fiber lines. One embodiment includes 16 sensor groups in which each sensor group has a dedicated return line. In another embodiment, 8 sensor groups are configured so that no two adjacent sensors have either a common distribution fiber line or a common return fiber line.
摘要翻译：使用标准1x2耦合器的传感器阵列通过适当选择耦合比来减少返回的光功率水平的差异。描述了包括6个分配光纤线路和16个返回光纤线路的优选实施例。一个实施例包括16个传感器组，其中每个传感器组具有专用的返回线。在另一个实施例中，8个传感器组被配置成使得没有两个相邻的传感器具有公共分配光纤线路或公共返回光纤线路。

6. 发明授权

US5995207A Method for determining the phase difference of light waves propagated over two paths 失效
标题翻译：用于确定在两条路径上传播的光波的相位差的方法
公开(公告)号：US5995207A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-30
申请号：US979162
申请日：1997-11-26
申请人： David B. Hall , Donald A. Frederick , James B. Bunn , James S. Bunn, Jr.
发明人： David B. Hall , Donald A. Frederick , James B. Bunn , James S. Bunn, Jr.
IPC分类号： G01J9/00 , G01C3/08 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01J9/00
摘要： The invention is a method for obtaining a measure of the light propagation time difference for two light-propagating-media paths. The first step consists of generating two substantially-identical frequency-modulated light waves whereby the frequency of the light waves is offset from a reference frequency by a different frequency increment for each basic time interval in each of a plurality of groups of three or more basic time intervals. Each frequency increment is the sum of a specified increment and a frequency-modulation-error increment. The frequency-modulation-error increments associated with the specified increments are independent of each other and unknown. The second step consists of feeding the two light waves into the entry points of two light-propagating-media paths having a light propagation time difference and obtaining a combination light wave by summing the light waves emerging from the exit points of the two light-propagating-media paths. The third step consists of calculating an estimated corrected or estimated uncorrected phase measure of the light propagation time difference for the two paths for a plurality of groups using only measured properties of the combination light wave.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种用于获得两个光传播介质路径的光传播时间差测量的方法。第一步包括产生两个基本上相同的频率调制光波，由此在三个或更多个基本的多个组中的每组中，每个基本时间间隔，光波的频率偏离参考频率不同的频率增量时间间隔。每个频率增量是指定增量和频率调制误差增量之和。与指定增量相关联的频率调制误差增量彼此独立，未知。第二步包括将两个光波馈送到具有光传播时间差的两个光传播介质路径的入口点，并通过将从两个光传播的出射点出射的光波相加获得组合光波媒体路径。第三步包括仅使用组合光波的测量属性来计算多个组的两个路径的光传播时间差的估计校正或估计的未校正相位测量。

7. 发明授权

US5555086A Coherence multiplexed interferometric signal processing system and method 失效
标题翻译：相干多路复用干涉信号处理系统及方法
公开(公告)号：US5555086A
公开(公告)日：1996-09-10
申请号：US996974
申请日：1992-12-24
申请人： Karlheinz vonBieren , Donald A. Frederick
发明人： Karlheinz vonBieren , Donald A. Frederick
IPC分类号： G01D5/353 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01D5/35383
摘要： A fiber optic sensor system includes a plurality of interferometric sensors arranged in an array to monitor a selected parameter and means for providing two-mode optical signals to each of the interferometric sensors. The two modes have different propagation velocities so that each sensor produces an optical signal indicative of changes in the parameter. A return optical fiber receives signals output from each of the plurality of interferometric sensors. The optical signals in the return fiber are separated and input to a Fourier transform lens that forms a plurality of spatially separated fringe patterns on a grating. Each fringe pattern corresponds to the optical signal output from a selected sensor. A photodetector array monitors the fringe patterns simultaneously and continuously to detect changes in the parameter. A phase modulator modulates the phase of one of the optical sensor signals output from the sensor array. Changes in the parameter either shift the locations of the fringe patterns or produce and additional phase modulation in the fringe patterns.
摘要翻译：光纤传感器系统包括布置成阵列的多个干涉测量传感器以监测选定的参数，以及用于向每个干涉测量传感器提供双模光信号的装置。两种模式具有不同的传播速度，使得每个传感器产生指示参数变化的光信号。返回光纤接收从多个干涉测量传感器中的每一个输出的信号。返回光纤中的光信号被分离并输入到在光栅上形成多个空间上分离的条纹图案的傅里叶变换透镜。每个条纹图案对应于从所选传感器输出的光信号。光电检测器阵列同时且连续地监视条纹图案以检测参数的变化。相位调制器调制从传感器阵列输出的光学传感器信号之一的相位。参数的变化可以移动边缘图案的位置或产生边缘图案中的附加相位调制。

8. 发明授权

US06507679B1 Long distance, all-optical telemetry for fiber optic sensor using remote optically pumped EDFAs 有权
标题翻译：使用远程光泵浦EDFA的光纤传感器的长距离全光学遥测
公开(公告)号：US06507679B1
公开(公告)日：2003-01-14
申请号：US09311030
申请日：1999-05-13
申请人： Craig W. Hodgson , Donald A. Frederick
发明人： Craig W. Hodgson , Donald A. Frederick
IPC分类号： G02B600
CPC分类号： H04B10/291 , G01D5/35348 , G08B13/186
摘要： An optical sensor architecture receives an input optical signal from a signal source and outputs a perturbed optical signal from at least one sensor to a receiver. An optical amplifier is positioned along a return fiber at an optical distance at least 10 kilometers from the receiver, with the optical amplifier amplifying the perturbed optical signal propagating to the receiver. If only one optical amplifier is used, the optical distance between the amplifier and the receiver may be between about 10 km and about 80 km, and an optical distance of between about 10 km and about 150 km may separate the sensor and the receiver. If additional optical amplifiers and dedicated pump distribution fibers are used, the optical distances may be correspondingly greater. Alternatively, increasing the number of sensors necessitates a reduction in the optical distance separating the sensors from shore.
摘要翻译：光学传感器架构从信号源接收输入光信号，并将来自至少一个传感器的干扰的光信号输出到接收器。光放大器沿着距离接收器至少10公里的光学距离沿着返回光纤放置，光放大器放大被扰动的光信号传播到接收器。如果仅使用一个光放大器，放大器和接收器之间的光学距离可以在大约10km到大约80km之间，并且大约10km到大约150km之间的光学距离可以分开传感器和接收器。如果使用附加的光放大器和专用泵配电纤维，则光学距离可以相应地更大。或者，增加传感器的数量需要减小将传感器与岸上分开的光学距离。

9. 发明授权

US06269198B1 Acoustic sensing system for downhole seismic applications utilizing an array of fiber optic sensors 有权
标题翻译：利用光纤传感器阵列的井下地震应用的声学传感系统
公开(公告)号：US06269198B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-31
申请号：US09430058
申请日：1999-10-29
申请人： Craig W. Hodgson , Donald A. Frederick
发明人： Craig W. Hodgson , Donald A. Frederick
IPC分类号： G02F1335
CPC分类号： G01H9/004 , G01V1/52
摘要： A system for sensing subterranean acoustic waves emitted from an acoustic source includes a plurality of laser sources, each emitting light at different frequencies; a plurality of subterranean optical sensors, receiving and altering the light in response to acoustic waves; at least one optical detector, receiving the altered light and outputting an electrical signal; and electronics, receiving the electrical signal and converting it into seismic data format. Light from the optical sources is modulated at a plurality of modulation frequencies. The electronics can demodulate the signal by mixing the signal with periodic waveforms having frequencies corresponding to one and two times the modulation frequencies. The modulation frequencies are selected such that at least one of the second harmonic frequencies associated with the modulation frequencies is interleaved in a non-interfering manner within the corresponding set of first harmonic frequencies, and preferably such that at least one of the first harmonic frequencies is interleaved in a non-interfering manner within the corresponding set of modulation frequencies. The hydrophone for sensing the acoustic signals is able to operate at pressures and temperatures of at least 5,000 psi and 130° C., respectively. The hydrophone may be housed in a cable having a diameter less than about 1.5 inches. The hydrophone's sensor preferably includes a reference mandrel, two sensing mandrels, and a telemetry cam, which are aligned in a coaxial, end-to-end configuration to reduce the profile of the hydrophone. The mandrels have hemispherically-shaped endcaps and are joined by flexible interlinks having grooves for receiving optical fiber.
摘要翻译：用于感测从声源发射的地声波的系统包括多个激光源，每个激光源发射不同频率的光; 多个地下光学传感器，响应于声波接收和改变光; 至少一个光学检测器，接收改变的光并输出电信号; 和电子设备，接收电信号并将其转换为地震数据格式。来自光源的光以多个调制频率被调制。电子设备可以通过将信号与具有对应于调制频率的一倍和两倍的频率的周期波形相混合来解调信号。选择调制频率使得与调制频率相关联的二次谐波频率中的至少一个在相应的一组谐波频率内以非干扰的方式进行交织，并且优选地使得至少一个第一谐波频率为在相应的一组调制频率内以非干扰方式进行交织。用于感测声信号的水听器能够分别在至少5000psi和130℃的压力和温度下操作。水听器可以容纳在直径小于约1.5英寸的电缆中。水听器的传感器优选地包括参考心轴，两个感测心轴和遥测凸轮，其以同轴的端对端配置对准以减小水听器的轮廓。心轴具有半球形端盖，并且通过具有用于接收光纤的凹槽的柔性互连件连接。

10. 发明授权

US6104846A System for splicing sensors into a multiple fiber optical cable 失效
标题翻译：将传感器拼接成多光纤光缆的系统
公开(公告)号：US6104846A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US127879
申请日：1998-07-31
申请人： Craig W. Hodgson , Donald A. Frederick
发明人： Craig W. Hodgson , Donald A. Frederick
IPC分类号： G02B6/255 , G02B6/44 , G02B6/00
CPC分类号： G02B6/2551 , G02B6/4439
摘要： The length of optical cable affected when splicing in sensors is reduced by cutting and splicing two distribution fiber lines and two return fiber lines to each sensor. The cable includes a spare distribution fiber line and a spare return fiber line. The optical cable is first stripped back to expose the optical fibers therein. For both the distribution and return lines, one fiber is cut at the proximal end of the stripped back portion of the cable, and another fiber is cut at the distal end of the stripped back portion. These fibers are then fused to respective ports on the sensor. Thus, each of the optical channels is formed from more than one optical fiber. The resulting cable is less stiff and more flexible.
摘要翻译：通过将两条分配光纤线路和两根返回光纤线路切割并拼接到每个传感器，减少了在传感器中拼接时影响的光缆长度。电缆包括备用分配光纤线路和备用返回光纤线路。首先将光缆剥离以使其中的光纤露出。对于分配和返回线路，在电缆的剥离后部的近端处切割一根光纤，并且在剥离后部的远端切割另一根光纤。然后将这些纤维熔合到传感器上的相应端口。因此，每个光通道由多于一个的光纤形成。所得到的电缆不那么坚硬，更灵活。

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