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1. 发明授权

US06866950B2 Methods and apparatuses for gas separation by pressure swing adsorption with partial gas product feed to fuel cell power source 有权
标题翻译：通过部分气体产物进料到燃料电池电源的变压吸附进行气体分离的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06866950B2
公开(公告)日：2005-03-15
申请号：US10013896
申请日：2001-12-07
申请人： Denis J. Connor , Bowie G. Keefer , Christopher R. McLean , Shanna D. Knights , Jean St-Pierre
发明人： Denis J. Connor , Bowie G. Keefer , Christopher R. McLean , Shanna D. Knights , Jean St-Pierre
IPC分类号： B01D53/047 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/06 , H01M8/00
CPC分类号： B01D53/06 , B01D53/047 , B01D53/0476 , B01D53/053 , B01D2253/108 , B01D2256/10 , B01D2256/12 , B01D2257/102 , B01D2257/104 , B01D2258/0208 , B01D2259/40005 , B01D2259/40009 , B01D2259/40015 , B01D2259/4003 , B01D2259/40032 , B01D2259/40066 , B01D2259/40067 , B01D2259/403 , B01D2259/4533 , B01D2259/4541 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/0612
摘要： Various systems, method and apparatuses are disclosed that include a pressure swing adsorption apparatus coupled to a fuel cell, wherein the fuel cell receives at least a portion of a product gas from the pressure swing adsorption and powers the pressure swing adsorption apparatus. Also disclosed is a portable gas separator that include a housing that houses a rotary pressure swing adsorption apparatus.
摘要翻译：公开了包括耦合到燃料电池的变压吸附装置的各种系统，方法和装置，其中燃料电池从变压吸附件接收至少一部分产物气体并对变压吸附装置供电。还公开了一种便携式气体分离器，其包括容纳旋转变压吸附装置的壳体。

2. 发明授权

US08015808B2 Power plant with energy recovery from fuel storage 有权
标题翻译：从燃料储存能源回收的发电厂
公开(公告)号：US08015808B2
公开(公告)日：2011-09-13
申请号：US11506562
申请日：2006-08-17
申请人： Bowie G. Keefer , Surajit Roy , Jean St.-Pierre , Amy E. Nelson , Shanna D. Knights
发明人： Bowie G. Keefer , Surajit Roy , Jean St.-Pierre , Amy E. Nelson , Shanna D. Knights
IPC分类号： F01B29/10
CPC分类号： F02B43/10 , F02G1/043 , F17C11/005 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/0662 , Y02T10/16 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32
摘要： Power plant systems and processes are described that enable recovery of at least a portion of the fuel storage energy associated with a storage system for supplying fuel to the power plant systems. A first embodiment of an energy-recovery power plant system includes at least one fuel storage container and at least one expander that can receive fuel from the fuel storage container at a first pressure and provide the fuel to the power plant at a second pressure that is lower than the first pressure. A second embodiment of an energy-recovery power plant system includes a first conduit fluidly coupling the fuel storage container and the power plant for delivering fuel from the fuel storage container to the power plant and at least one regenerative thermodynamic cycle engine thermally coupled to the first conduit such that heat may be exchanged between the fuel and a working fluid for the regenerative thermodynamic cycle engine.
摘要翻译：描述了能够恢复与用于向发电厂系统供应燃料的存储系统相关联的燃料储存能量的至少一部分的发电厂系统和过程。能量回收发电厂系统的第一实施例包括至少一个燃料储存容器和至少一个膨胀器，其能够在第一压力下从燃料储存容器接收燃料，并在第二压力下将燃料提供给发电厂低于第一压力。能量回收发电厂系统的第二实施例包括将燃料储存容器和发电厂流体耦合的第一导管，用于将燃料从燃料储存容器输送至发电厂，以及至少一个热耦合到第一导管，使得可以在燃料和用于再生热力循环发动机的工作流体之间交换热量。

3. 发明授权

US06841285B2 Impregnation of ion-exchange membranes to improve electrochemical fuel cell performance 失效
标题翻译：浸渍离子交换膜以改善电化学燃料电池性能
公开(公告)号：US06841285B2
公开(公告)日：2005-01-11
申请号：US10230953
申请日：2002-08-28
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Joy A. Roberts , Nengyou Jia , Eagranie Yuh , Shanna D. Knights , Jean St-Pierre
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Joy A. Roberts , Nengyou Jia , Eagranie Yuh , Shanna D. Knights , Jean St-Pierre
IPC分类号： B01D71/00 , C08J5/22 , C25B9/00 , H01M8/10
CPC分类号： C08J5/2287 , C08J2379/08 , H01M8/1023 , H01M8/1039 , H01M8/1048 , H01M8/1051
摘要： The electrochemical performance of an ion-exchange membrane in a fuel cell system may be improved by impregnating therein a perfluoroamine. The amine may be primary, secondary or tertiary. Further, the amine is preferably water insoluble or only slightly water soluble. For example, the amine may be perfluorotriamylamine or perfluorotributylamine. Use of such a membrane system within a fuel cell may allow high or low temperature operation (i.e. at temperatures greater than 100° C. or less than 0° C.) as well as operation at low relative humidity.
摘要翻译：燃料电池系统中的离子交换膜的电化学性能可以通过在其中浸渍全氟胺来改善。胺可以是伯，仲或叔。此外，胺优选为水不溶性或仅为微溶于水。例如，胺可以是全氟三胺或全氟三丁胺。在燃料电池中使用这种膜系统可以允许高温或低温操作（即，在大于100℃或低于0℃的温度下）以及在低相对湿度下的操作。

4. 发明申请

US20090053575A1 SUPPORTED CATALYSTS FOR THE ANODE OF A VOLTAGE REVERSAL TOLERANT FUEL CELL 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于电压反向耐受燃料电池阳极的支持催化剂
公开(公告)号：US20090053575A1
公开(公告)日：2009-02-26
申请号：US12200483
申请日：2008-08-28
申请人： Shanna D. Knights , Jared L. Taylor , David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell
发明人： Shanna D. Knights , Jared L. Taylor , David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell
IPC分类号： H01M4/92 , H01M8/10 , H01M4/96 , B05D5/12 , H01M4/90
CPC分类号： H01M4/9075 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/925 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M10/4235 , H01M2004/8684 , H01M2300/0005 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： In a solid polymer fuel cell series, various circumstances can result in a fuel cell being driven into voltage reversal. For instance, cell voltage reversal can occur if that cell receives an inadequate supply of fuel. In order to pass current, reactions other than fuel oxidation may take place at the fuel cell anode, including water electrolysis and oxidation of anode components. The latter may result in significant degradation of the anode, particularly if the anode employs a carbon black supported catalyst. Such fuel cells can be made more tolerant to cell reversal by using higher catalyst loading or coverage on the anode catalyst support or a more oxidation resistant anode catalyst support, such as a more graphitic carbon or Ti4O7.
摘要翻译：在固体聚合物燃料电池系列中，各种情况可导致燃料电池被驱动进入电压反转。例如，如果该电池接收到不足的燃料供应，则可能发生电池电压反转。为了通过电流，燃料氧化以外的反应可能发生在燃料电池阳极，包括水电解和阳极组分的氧化。后者可能导致阳极的显着降解，特别是如果阳极采用负载炭黑的催化剂。通过使用更高的催化剂负载量或覆盖在阳极催化剂载体上或更耐氧化的阳极催化剂载体，例如更多的石墨碳或Ti 4 O 7，可以使这种燃料电池对电池反转更具有耐受性。

5. 发明申请

US20090214765A1 Fuel Cell Anode Structures For Voltage Reversal Tolerance 审中-公开
标题翻译：燃料电池阳极结构用于电压反转公差
公开(公告)号：US20090214765A1
公开(公告)日：2009-08-27
申请号：US12463902
申请日：2009-05-11
申请人： John M. Gascoyne , Shanna D. Knights , Thomas R. Ralph , Jared L. Taylor , David P. Wilkinson
发明人： John M. Gascoyne , Shanna D. Knights , Thomas R. Ralph , Jared L. Taylor , David P. Wilkinson
IPC分类号： H01M4/88 , B05D5/12
CPC分类号： H01M8/04559 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9075 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/925 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/04582 , H01M8/04671 , H01M8/04902 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M10/4235 , H01M2004/8684 , H01M2300/0005 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A voltage reversal tolerant fuel cell anode structure that includes a gas diffusion layer is prepared by a method that comprises: (a) applying to the gas diffusion layer a first carbon component comprising a sacrificial carbon component having substantially no resistance to corrosion during cell reversal at fuel cell operating temperatures, and (b) applying to the gas diffusion layer a second carbon component. The first carbon material has a BET surface area of at least 350 m2g−1. The second carbon component supports an electrocatalyst material and has substantially more resistance to corrosion during cell reversal at fuel cell operating temperatures than the first carbon component.
摘要翻译：包括气体扩散层的耐电压逆转燃料电池阳极结构通过以下方法制备：（a）向气体扩散层施加包含牺牲性碳成分的第一碳成分，所述牺牲性碳成分在电池反转期间基本上不具有耐腐蚀性燃料电池工作温度，和（b）向气体扩散层施加第二碳组分。第一碳材料的BET表面积至少为350m 2 / g。第二碳组分支持电催化剂材料，并且在燃料电池工作温度下比第一碳组分在电池反转期间具有更大的抗腐蚀性。

6. 发明授权

US06517962B1 Fuel cell anode structures for voltage reversal tolerance 有权
标题翻译：用于电压反转公差的燃料电池阳极结构
公开(公告)号：US06517962B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-11
申请号：US09585696
申请日：2000-06-01
申请人： Shanna D. Knights , Jared L. Taylor , David P. Wilkinson , David S. Wainwright
发明人： Shanna D. Knights , Jared L. Taylor , David P. Wilkinson , David S. Wainwright
IPC分类号： H01M800
CPC分类号： H01M8/04559 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9075 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/925 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/04582 , H01M8/04671 , H01M8/04902 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M10/4235 , H01M2004/8684 , H01M2300/0005 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： In a solid polymer fuel cell series, various circumstances can result in a fuel cell being driven into voltage reversal by other cells in the series stack. For instance, cell voltage reversal can occur if that cell receives an inadequate supply of fuel (for example, fuel starvation). In order to pass current during fuel starvation, reactions other than fuel oxidation may take place at the fuel cell anode, including water electrolysis and oxidation of anode components. The latter may result in significant degradation of the anode. Such fuel cells can be made more tolerant to cell reversal by promoting water electrolysis over anode component oxidation at the anode. This can be accomplished by enhancing the presence of water in the anode catalyst layer through modifications to the anode structure or anode composition near or in the catalyst layer. For instance, water electrolysis during voltage reversal is promoted through the use of different or additional ionomer, polytetrafluoroethylene, or graphite in the anode catalyst layer, or through the use of certain sublayers between the anode catalyst layer and the anode substrate.
摘要翻译：在固体聚合物燃料电池系列中，各种情况可能导致燃料电池被串联堆叠中的其他电池驱动成电压反转。例如，如果该电池接收到不足的燃料供应（例如，燃料不足），则可能发生电池电压反转。为了在燃料不足期间通过电流，燃料氧化以外的反应可能发生在燃料电池阳极，包括水电解和阳极组件的氧化。后者可能导致阳极的显着降解。通过在阳极上的阳极组分氧化促进水电解，可以使这种燃料电池更容忍电池逆转。这可以通过在催化剂层附近或催化剂层中改变阳极结构或阳极组合来增强阳极催化剂层中的水的存在来实现。例如，通过在阳极催化剂层中使用不同的或附加的离聚物，聚四氟乙烯或石墨，或通过使用阳极催化剂层和阳极基底之间的某些子层来促进电压反转期间的水电解。

7. 发明授权

US09099704B2 Methods of operating fuel cell stacks and systems 有权
标题翻译：操作燃料电池堆和系统的方法
公开(公告)号：US09099704B2
公开(公告)日：2015-08-04
申请号：US13375850
申请日：2010-06-03
申请人： Nengyou Jia , Shanna D. Knights
发明人： Nengyou Jia , Shanna D. Knights
IPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/10
CPC分类号： H01M8/0494 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04238 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/04303 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/0488 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02E60/50
摘要： A method for removing contaminants in a fuel cell comprises: supplying a hydrogen-based fuel to the anode; supplying a first oxidant to the cathode, wherein the first oxidant comprises at least some sulfur dioxide; drawing a primary load from the fuel cell stack while supplying the hydrogen-based fuel to the anode and the air to the cathode; shutting down the fuel cell when a voltage of the fuel cell is equal to or less than a threshold voltage at which sulfur crosses over from the cathode to the anode, wherein shutting down the fuel cell comprises: performing at least one oxidant starvation while drawing the primary load, removing the primary load after performing the at least one oxidant starvation, and bringing the anode to a high potential after removing the primary load; and thereafter, restarting the fuel cell.
摘要翻译：用于去除燃料电池中的污染物的方法包括：向阳极供应氢基燃料; 向所述阴极供应第一氧化剂，其中所述第一氧化剂包含至少一些二氧化硫; 在将氢基燃料供给到阳极和空气到阴极的同时，从燃料电池堆中抽出初级负荷; 当燃料电池的电压等于或小于硫从阴极到阳极交叉的阈值电压时关闭燃料电池，其中关闭燃料电池包括：在绘制所述燃料电池的同时进行至少一种氧化剂缺乏主负荷，在进行至少一种氧化剂不足之后去除主负荷，以及在去除主负载之后使阳极达到高电位; 然后重新启动燃料电池。

8. 发明授权

US07537857B2 Reduced degradation of ion-exchange membranes in electrochemical fuel cells 有权
标题翻译：电化学燃料电池中离子交换膜的降解降低
公开(公告)号：US07537857B2
公开(公告)日：2009-05-26
申请号：US10738962
申请日：2003-12-17
申请人： Neil R. Andrews , Shanna D. Knights , Kenneth A. Murray , Scott J. McDermid , Sean M. MacKinnon , Siyu Ye
发明人： Neil R. Andrews , Shanna D. Knights , Kenneth A. Murray , Scott J. McDermid , Sean M. MacKinnon , Siyu Ye
IPC分类号： H01M8/02 , H01M4/86
CPC分类号： H01M8/1004 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8663 , H01M4/90 , H01M8/1023 , H01M8/1039 , H01M8/1051 , H01M8/1053 , H01M8/1072 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A significant problem in PEM fuel cell durability is in premature failure of the ion-exchange membrane and in particular by the degradation of the ion-exchange membrane by reactive hydrogen peroxide species. Such degradation can be reduced or eliminated by the presence of an additive in the anode, cathode or ion-exchange membrane. The additive may be a radical scavenger, a membrane cross-linker, a hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst and/or a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer. The presence of the additive in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) may however result in reduced performance of the PEM fuel cell. Accordingly, it may be desirable to restrict the location of the additive to locations of increased susceptibility to membrane degradation such as the inlet and/or outlet regions of the MEA.
摘要翻译： PEM燃料电池耐久性的一个重大问题是离子交换膜的过早失效，特别是通过活性过氧化氢物质降解离子交换膜。通过在阳极，阴极或离子交换膜中存在添加剂可以降低或消除这种降解。添加剂可以是自由基清除剂，膜交联剂，过氧化氢分解催化剂和/或过氧化氢稳定剂。然而，添加剂在膜电极组件（MEA）中的存在可能导致PEM燃料电池的性能降低。因此，可能需要将添加剂的位置限制在对膜降解的易感性增加的位置，例如MEA的入口和/或出口区域。

9. 发明授权

US06492043B1 Method and apparatus for detecting a leak within a fuel cell 失效
标题翻译：用于检测燃料电池内的泄漏的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06492043B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-10
申请号：US09220163
申请日：1998-12-23
申请人： Shanna D. Knights , David P. Wilkinson , Ruediger Nebelsiek , Jürgen Stumper
发明人： Shanna D. Knights , David P. Wilkinson , Ruediger Nebelsiek , Jürgen Stumper
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04089 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A method detects fluid leaks within a fuel cell assembly. The method comprises (a) introducing a first supply fluid to a first fluid passage within the fuel cell assembly, wherein the first supply fluid comprises a tracer; (b) introducing a second supply fluid to a second fluid passage within the fuel cell assembly, wherein in the absence of a leak in the first fluid passage, the second fluid passage is fluidly isolated from the first fluid passage; and (c) monitoring a second fluid exhaust stream exiting from the second fluid passage and detecting when a concentration of the tracer is present within the second fluid exhaust stream.
摘要翻译：一种方法检测燃料电池组件内的流体泄漏。该方法包括（a）将第一供应流体引入燃料电池组件内的第一流体通道，其中第一供给流体包括示踪剂; （b）将第二供应流体引入燃料电池组件内的第二流体通道，其中在第一流体通道中没有泄漏的情况下，第二流体通道与第一流体通道流体隔离; 和（c）监测从第二流体通道出来的第二流体排出流，并且检测何时在第二流体排出流内存在示踪剂的浓度。

10. 发明申请

US20120148929A1 METHODS OF OPERATING FUEL CELL STACKS AND SYSTEMS 有权
标题翻译：燃料电池堆栈和系统的运行方法
公开(公告)号：US20120148929A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-14
申请号：US13375850
申请日：2010-06-03
申请人： Nengyou Jia , Shanna D. Knights
发明人： Nengyou Jia , Shanna D. Knights
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/0494 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04238 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/04303 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/0488 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02E60/50
摘要： A method for removing contaminants in a fuel cell comprises: supplying a hydrogen-based fuel to the anode; supplying a first oxidant to the cathode, wherein the first oxidant comprises at least some sulfur dioxide; drawing a primary load from the fuel cell stack while supplying the hydrogen-based fuel to the anode and the air to the cathode; shutting down the fuel cell when a voltage of the fuel cell is equal to or less than a threshold voltage at which sulfur crosses over from the cathode to the anode, wherein shutting down the fuel cell comprises: performing at least one oxidant starvation while drawing the primary load, removing the primary load after performing the at least one oxidant starvation, and bringing the anode to a high potential after removing the primary load; and thereafter, restarting the fuel cell.
摘要翻译：用于去除燃料电池中的污染物的方法包括：向阳极供应氢基燃料; 向所述阴极供应第一氧化剂，其中所述第一氧化剂包含至少一些二氧化硫; 在将氢基燃料供给到阳极和空气到阴极的同时，从燃料电池堆中抽出初级负荷; 当燃料电池的电压等于或小于硫从阴极到阳极交叉的阈值电压时关闭燃料电池，其中关闭燃料电池包括：在绘制所述燃料电池的同时进行至少一种氧化剂缺乏主负荷，在进行至少一种氧化剂不足之后去除主负荷，以及在去除主负载之后使阳极达到高电位; 然后重新启动燃料电池。

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