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1. 发明授权

US07053606B2 Measurement of residual and thermally-induced stress in a rail 有权
标题翻译：轨道中残余和热诱导应力的测量
公开(公告)号：US07053606B2
公开(公告)日：2006-05-30
申请号：US10535211
申请日：2004-02-13
申请人： David John Buttle , William Dalzell , Peter John Thayer
发明人： David John Buttle , William Dalzell , Peter John Thayer
IPC分类号： B61K9/10 , G01N27/82
CPC分类号： G01N27/72 , G01L1/12 , G01L5/0047
摘要： In a railway line, thermally-induced stresses are a factor for both rail breaks and rail buckling. These stresses are in the longitudinal direction. A nondestructive measuring technique enables the residual stress in a rail to be determined, and hence the thermally-induced stress. An electromagnetic probe is used to measure the stresses in the rail web in the vertical direction, and in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis. The residual stress in the longitudinal direction can be deduced from the measured stress in the vertical direction; hence the thermally-induced stress can be determined.
摘要翻译：在铁路线路中，热应力是轨道断裂和轨道弯曲的一个因素。这些应力在纵向上。非破坏性测量技术可以确定轨道中的残余应力，从而确定热诱导应力。使用电磁探头来测量轨道腹板在垂直方向和平行于纵向轴线的方向上的应力。纵向上的残余应力可以从测量的垂直方向的应力推导出来; 因此可以确定热诱导应力。

2. 发明授权

US07268541B2 Detecting failures of flexible multistrand steel structures 有权
标题翻译：检测柔性多股钢结构的失效
公开(公告)号：US07268541B2
公开(公告)日：2007-09-11
申请号：US10562148
申请日：2004-06-17
申请人： David John Buttle , William Dalzell , Peter John Thayer , Stephen Frank Burch , Geoffrey Charles Eckold
发明人： David John Buttle , William Dalzell , Peter John Thayer , Stephen Frank Burch , Geoffrey Charles Eckold
IPC分类号： G01N27/82
CPC分类号： G01N27/82 , G01N27/83
摘要： A flexible elongate structure, such as a flexible riser (10), comprising at least one layer (20) of steel wires near the surface which extend at least partly along the length of the structure, can be monitored by inducing a small, alternating magnetic field in the steel wires using an electromagnetic coil, and monitoring the magnetic flux density near the surface of the structure so as to asses the stress and hence detect if any wires have broken. By using an array of stress-measuring electromagnetic probes (24) around the structure some spatial resolution can be provided as to the location of any break in the wires.
摘要翻译：柔性细长结构，例如柔性提升管（10），其可包括至少一层沿着结构的长度至少部分延伸的表面附近的钢丝网（20），该层可以通过诱导小的交替磁性使用电磁线圈对钢丝进行磁场测量，并且监测结构表面附近的磁通密度，以评估应力，从而检测是否有任何电线断裂。通过使用围绕结构的应力测量电磁探头（24）阵列，可以提供关于电线中任何断裂位置的空间分辨率。

3. 发明授权

US06964202B2 Detection of rolling contact fatigue 有权
标题翻译：滚动接触疲劳检测
公开(公告)号：US06964202B2
公开(公告)日：2005-11-15
申请号：US10243678
申请日：2002-09-16
申请人： David John Buttle , Peter John Thayer , William Dalzell
发明人： David John Buttle , Peter John Thayer , William Dalzell
IPC分类号： G01N3/00 , G01N3/02 , G01N3/06 , G01N3/32 , G01N19/08 , G01N27/72 , G01N27/90 , G01R33/12
CPC分类号： G01R33/12 , G01N3/32 , G01N19/08 , G01N27/72 , G01N27/9053 , G01N2203/0019 , G01N2203/0073 , G01N2203/0244 , G01N2203/0635
摘要： The onset of rolling contact fatigue in an object may be detected by measuring the residual stresses in the surface of the object, and monitoring changes in their magnitude or their direction. The values of residual stresses in the surface are those averaged over a depth that may be in the range say 0.1 mm to 8.0 mm, for example about 2.5 mm. For ferromagnetic objects such as rails, the method may utilize an electromagnetic probe. Prior to rolling contact fatigue the surface stresses are compressive, and the onset of rolling contact fatigue may be characterized by a marked decrease of the stress in the generally transverse direction.
摘要翻译：物体中的滚动接触疲劳的发生可以通过测量物体表面中的残余应力并监测其大小或方向的变化来检测。表面上的残余应力的值是在可以在0.1mm至8.0mm的范围内的深度平均的值，例如约2.5mm。对于诸如轨道的铁磁物体，该方法可以利用电磁探针。在滚动接触疲劳之前，表面应力是压缩的，并且滚动接触疲劳的开始可以通过在大致横向上的应力显着降低来表征。

4. 发明申请

US20090015249A1 DETECTING FAILURES IN FLEXIBLE MULTISTRAND STEEL STRUCTURES 有权
标题翻译：检测柔性多钢结构中的故障
公开(公告)号：US20090015249A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-15
申请号：US11722710
申请日：2005-12-14
申请人： David John Buttle , William Dalzell
发明人： David John Buttle , William Dalzell
IPC分类号： G01N27/83 , G01N27/90
CPC分类号： G01N27/9046
摘要： A flexible elongate structure, such as a flexible riser (10) for connecting oil and gas wells to floating production platforms, comprising at least one layer (20) of steel wires near the surface which extend at least partly along the length of the structure, can be monitored by inducing a magnetic field in the steel wires using an electromagnetic coil, and monitoring the magnetic flux density near the surface of the structure so as to detect if any wires have broken. Measurements are made at two different frequencies, the lower frequency giving an output dependent both on stresses and on the number of adjacent wires in the layer (20), and the higher frequency giving an output primarily dependent on the number of these wires. By comparing these two measurements a corrected output parameter (P) may be obtained that is indicative only of stress. A break in a wire can be expected to change the stress in that and adjacent wires.
摘要翻译：柔性细长结构，例如用于将油井和气井连接到浮动生产平台的柔性提升管（10），包括在表面附近至少部分地沿着结构的长度延伸的至少一层钢线（20）可以通过使用电磁线圈在钢丝中引起磁场并监测结构表面附近的磁通密度来监测，以便检测是否有任何电线断裂。测量在两个不同的频率下进行，较低的频率给出的输出取决于应力和层（20）中相邻导线的数量，而较高的频率给出主要取决于这些导线的数量的输出。通过比较这两个测量，可以获得仅指示应力的校正输出参数（P）。可以预期导线中的断裂会改变该线和相邻导线的应力。

5. 发明授权

US07876096B2 Detecting failures in flexible multistrand steel structures 有权
标题翻译：检测柔性多股钢结构的失效
公开(公告)号：US07876096B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-25
申请号：US11722710
申请日：2005-12-14
申请人： David John Buttle , William Dalzell
发明人： David John Buttle , William Dalzell
IPC分类号： G01N27/82
CPC分类号： G01N27/9046
摘要： A flexible elongate structure, such as a flexible riser (10) for connecting oil and gas wells to floating production platforms, comprising at least one layer (20) of steel wires near the surface which extend at least partly along the length of the structure, can be monitored by inducing a magnetic field in the steel wires using an electromagnetic coil, and monitoring the magnetic flux density near the surface of the structure so as to detect if any wires have broken. Measurements are made at two different frequencies, the lower frequency giving an output dependent both on stresses and on the number of adjacent wires in the layer (20), and the higher frequency giving an output primarily dependent on the number of these wires. By comparing these two measurements a corrected output parameter (P) may be obtained that is indicative only of stress. A break in a wire can be expected to change the stress in that and adjacent wires.
摘要翻译：柔性细长结构，例如用于将油井和气井连接到浮动生产平台的柔性提升管（10），包括在表面附近至少部分地沿着结构的长度延伸的至少一层钢线（20）可以通过使用电磁线圈在钢丝中引起磁场并监测结构表面附近的磁通密度来监测，以便检测是否有任何电线断裂。测量在两个不同的频率下进行，较低的频率给出的输出取决于应力和层（20）中相邻导线的数量，而较高的频率给出主要取决于这些导线的数量的输出。通过比较这两个测量，可以获得仅指示应力的校正输出参数（P）。可以预期导线中的断裂会改变该线和相邻导线的应力。

6. 发明申请

US20100236339A1 BIAXIAL STRESS MANAGEMENT 有权
标题翻译：双向应力管理
公开(公告)号：US20100236339A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-23
申请号：US12678342
申请日：2008-09-24
申请人： David John Buttle , John McCarthy
发明人： David John Buttle , John McCarthy
IPC分类号： G01L1/12
CPC分类号： G01L1/127 , G01L1/125
摘要： A method of measuring biaxial stress in an object of a ferromagnetic material in which material in a region (10) in the vicinity of a surface of the object is subjected to a conditioning method by application of a conditioning magnetic field that is at least initially at a high field strength. Values of biaxial stress within the said region are measured with an electromagnetic measuring probe (14) in at least two different orientations, the electromagnetic measuring probe (14) using an alternating measuring magnetic field that is at a field strength well below saturation. The conditioning may subject the region (10) to a low frequency alternating magnetic field (38, 58) initially at a high field strength, and gradually reducing the strength to zero over a decay time period at least equal to the time for many cycles of the low frequency magnetic field. Conditioning the material enables the stress to then be measured more accurately, and enables ambiguities in biaxial stress to be resolved.
摘要翻译：一种在铁磁材料的物体中测量双轴应力的方法，其中在物体表面附近的区域（10）中的材料通过施加调节磁场进行调节方法，所述调节磁场至少最初处于高场强。所述区域内的双轴应力值以至少两个不同取向的电磁测量探针（14）测量，所述电磁测量探头（14）使用场强远低于饱和度的交变测量磁场。调节可以使区域（10）最初以高场强度进入低频交变磁场（38,58），并且在衰减时间段内逐渐地将强度降低到零，至少等于许多周期的时间低频磁场。调整材料能够更准确地测量应力，并使双轴应力模糊化得到解决。

7. 发明授权

US08316726B2 Biaxial stress management 有权
标题翻译：双轴压力管理
公开(公告)号：US08316726B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-27
申请号：US12678342
申请日：2008-09-24
申请人： David John Buttle , John McCarthy
发明人： David John Buttle , John McCarthy
IPC分类号： G01L1/12
CPC分类号： G01L1/127 , G01L1/125
摘要： A method of measuring biaxial stress in an object of a ferromagnetic material in which material in a region (10) in the vicinity of a surface of the object is subjected to a conditioning method by application of a conditioning magnetic field that is at least initially at a high field strength. Values of biaxial stress within the said region are measured with an electromagnetic measuring probe (14) in at least two different orientations, the electromagnetic measuring probe (14) using an alternating measuring magnetic field that is at a field strength well below saturation. The conditioning may subject the region (10) to a low frequency alternating magnetic field (38, 58) initially at a high field strength, and gradually reducing the strength to zero over a decay time period at least equal to the time for many cycles of the low frequency magnetic field. Conditioning the material enables the stress to then be measured more accurately, and enables ambiguities in biaxial stress to be resolved.
摘要翻译：一种在铁磁材料的物体中测量双轴应力的方法，其中在物体表面附近的区域（10）中的材料通过施加调节磁场进行调节方法，所述调节磁场至少最初处于高场强。所述区域内的双轴应力值以至少两个不同取向的电磁测量探针（14）测量，所述电磁测量探头（14）使用场强远低于饱和度的交变测量磁场。调节可以使区域（10）最初以高场强度进入低频交变磁场（38,58），并且在衰减时间段内逐渐地将强度降低到零，至少等于许多周期的时间低频磁场。调整材料能够更准确地测量应力，并使双轴应力模糊化得到解决。

8. 发明授权

US06854336B2 Measurement of stress in a ferromagnetic material 有权
标题翻译：测量铁磁材料中的应力
公开(公告)号：US06854336B2
公开(公告)日：2005-02-15
申请号：US10433830
申请日：2001-12-18
申请人： David John Buttle
发明人： David John Buttle
IPC分类号： G01L1/00 , F17D5/02 , G01L1/12 , G01N27/82 , G01B7/16
CPC分类号： G01N27/82 , F16L2101/30 , G01L1/125 , G01L1/127
摘要： Stress in the wall of a pipe (12) is measured using a pig (10) carrying at least one linear array of probes, so that the probes (30) in the array pass in succession over a location on the pipe wall. Each probe (30) comprises an electromagnetic core (32) with two spaced apart electromagnetic poles (34), and a magnetic sensor (36) arranged to sense the reluctance of that part of the magnetic circuit between the poles (34), and an alternating magnetic field is generated in the electromagnet means and consequently in the pipe wall. Successive probes (30) in the array are oriented differently so that the corresponding orientations of the magnetic field in the pipe wall are different. Preferably the probes (30) also include sensors (38) between the two poles (34) to sense magnetic flux perpendicular to the direction of the free space magnetic field between the poles. The signal from the sensor (36) and (38) enable the stress to be determined. Such an array may be used with any long object of ferromagnetic material.
摘要翻译：使用携带至少一个线性阵列探针的猪（10）测量管（12）的壁中的应力，使得阵列中的探针（30）连续地穿过管壁上的位置。每个探针（30）包括具有两个间隔开的电磁极（34）的电磁铁芯（32）和布置成感测磁极（34）之间磁路部分的磁阻的磁传感器（36）在电磁铁装置中产生交变磁场，从而在管壁中产生交变磁场。阵列中的连续探针（30）的取向不同，使得管壁中磁场的相应取向不同。优选地，探针（30）还包括在两个极（34）之间的传感器（38），以感测垂直于两极之间的自由空间磁场方向的磁通量。来自传感器（36）和（38）的信号使得能够确定应力。这种阵列可以与铁磁材料的任何长的物体一起使用。

9. 发明授权

US5828211A Determining stress in ferromagnetic materials from measurements of magnetic anisotropy and magnetic permeability 失效
标题翻译：通过磁各向异性和磁导率的测量确定铁磁材料的应力
公开(公告)号：US5828211A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-27
申请号：US553272
申请日：1995-11-16
申请人： Christopher Brian Scruby , David John Buttle , Fiona Anne Ravenscroft , Carlo Guido de Michelis , Massimo Gori , Giampiero Antonelli
发明人： Christopher Brian Scruby , David John Buttle , Fiona Anne Ravenscroft , Carlo Guido de Michelis , Massimo Gori , Giampiero Antonelli
IPC分类号： G01L1/00 , G01L1/12 , G01N27/72 , G01B7/24 , G01R33/18
CPC分类号： G01L1/127 , G01L1/125
摘要： The absolute values of biaxial stresses in a ferromagnetic material (16) are measured using a probe (12) which comprises an electromagnet (26), a sensor (32) for stress-induced magnetic anisotropy (SMA) and a sensor (30) for directional effective permeability (DEP). The DEP sensor (30) enables absolute values of stress to be determined; the SMA sensor (32) enables the directions of the principal stress axes to be accurately determined, and improves the accuracy of the stress measurements.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB94 / 01022 Sec。 371日期：1995年11月16日 102（e）日期1995年11月16日PCT 1994年5月12日PCT PCT。公开号WO94 / 28407 日期1994年12月8日使用包括电磁体（26），用于应力诱导磁各向异性（SMA）的传感器（32）和用于应力诱导的磁各向异性（SMA）的传感器（32）的探针（12）测量铁磁材料（16）中的双轴应力的绝对值传感器（30）用于方向有效渗透率（DEP）。 DEP传感器（30）能够确定应力的绝对值; SMA传感器（32）能够准确地确定主应力轴的方向，并提高应力测量的精度。

10. 发明授权

US07215117B2 Measurement with a magnetic field 有权
标题翻译：用磁场测量
公开(公告)号：US07215117B2
公开(公告)日：2007-05-08
申请号：US10492135
申请日：2002-10-07
申请人： David John Buttle
发明人： David John Buttle
IPC分类号： G01B7/24 , G01N27/72
CPC分类号： G01N27/9053 , G01N3/32 , G01N19/08 , G01N27/72 , G01N2203/0019 , G01N2203/0073 , G01N2203/0244 , G01N2203/0635 , G01R33/12
摘要： Material properties such as stress in a ferromagnetic material may be measured using an electromagnetic probe. While generating an alternating magnetic field in the object, and sensing the resulting magnetic field with a sensor, the signals from the magnetic sensor may be resolved into in-phase and quadrature components. The signals are affected by both geometrical parameters such as lift-off and by material properties, but these influences may be separated by mapping the in-phase and quadrature components directly into material property and lift-off components, and hence a material property and/or the lift-off may be determined. The mapping may be represented in the impedance plane as two sets of contours representing signal variation with lift-off (A) (for different values of stress) and signal variation with stress (B) (for different values of lift-off), the contours of both sets (A, B) being curved. The stress contours (B) intersect any one liftoff contour (A) at a constant angle. Hence calibration measurements taken along a few contours of each set enable the positions of the other contours of each set to be determined.
摘要翻译：诸如铁磁材料中的应力的材料特性可以使用电磁探针来测量。当在物体中产生交变磁场并且用传感器感测所得到的磁场时，来自磁传感器的信号可以被分解为同相和正交分量。这些信号受诸如剥离和材料特性等几何参数的影响，但是这些影响可以通过将同相和正交成分直接映射到材料性质和剥离部件中而分离，因此材料性质和/ 或者可以确定剥离。映射可以在阻抗平面中表示为两组轮廓，表示具有提升（A）（对于不同的应力值）和信号随应力（B）的变化的信号变化（对于不同的提升值），两组（A，B）的轮廓曲线。应力轮廓（B）以恒定的角度与任何一个离开轮廓（A）相交。因此，沿着每组的几个轮廓进行的校准测量使得能够确定每组的其它轮廓的位置。

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