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1. 发明授权

US5430572A High power, high gain, low noise, two-stage optical amplifier 失效
标题翻译：大功率，高增益，低噪声，两级光放大器
公开(公告)号：US5430572A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-04
申请号：US129825
申请日：1993-09-30
申请人： David J. DiGiovanni , Joseph D. Evankow , Jonathan A. Nagel , Richard G. Smart , James W. Sulhoff , John L. Zyskind
发明人： David J. DiGiovanni , Joseph D. Evankow , Jonathan A. Nagel , Richard G. Smart , James W. Sulhoff , John L. Zyskind
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , C03C13/04 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/10 , H01S3/17 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： H01S3/06758 , H01S2301/02 , H01S3/0078 , H01S3/094061 , H01S3/09408 , H04B2210/003
摘要： High output power, high gain, and low noise are achieved in a two-stage optical amplifier, suitable for use as a repeater for a long haul lightwave communication system, in accordance with the principles of the invention, by employing a first amplifying stage having a signal gain sufficiently small to prevent self-saturation by amplified stimulated emission (ASE) that uses counter-propagating pump light to cause maximum inversion of the first stage amplifying medium. In an illustrative embodiment of the invention, EDFAs are used in each of two amplifying stages. The length of the EDFA in the first stage is short enough to ensure nearly complete inversion of the EDFA from pump light that counter-propagates with the signal. The counter-propagating pump light allows the invention to advantageously avoid the significant noise figure penalty from the input loss associated with co-propagating pump light. And, noise figure is improved because complete inversion is achieved throughout the EDFA, and, at the input where the noise figure is most sensitive to inversion. The short length also eliminates self-saturation of the EDFA from ASE which degrades the noise figure. However, the length, and hence the gain, of the EDFA in the first stage is long enough to provide sufficient gain so that the noise figure of the two-stage amplifier, as a whole, is determined primarily by that of the first stage. A second EDFA in the second stage of the amplifier may then be configured using co-propagating or counter-propagating pump light for additional signal amplification to provide the required output power and gain for long haul lightwave systems. Other aspects of illustrative embodiments of the invention include the use of passive optical elements including filters, isolators, and attenuators.
摘要翻译：在根据本发明的原理的适合用作长距离光波通信系统的中继器的两级光放大器中实现高输出功率，高增益和低噪声，通过采用第一放大级具有信号增益足够小以通过使用反向传播的泵浦光来引起第一级放大介质的最大反转的放大的受激发射（ASE）来防止自饱和。在本发明的说明性实施例中，EDFA用于两个放大级中的每一个。 EDFA在第一阶段的长度足够短，以确保EDFA与泵浦光几乎完全反转，该信号与信号反向传播。反向传播的泵浦光允许本发明有利地避免与共同传播的泵浦光相关联的输入损耗的显着的噪声指数损失。并且，噪声系数得到改善，因为在整个EDFA中完成了反演，并且在噪声系数对反演最敏感的输入处。短的长度还消除了ASE中EDFA的自饱和度，降低了噪声系数。然而，EDFA在第一级中的长度以及因此的增益足够长以提供足够的增益，使得两级放大器的噪声系数作为整体主要由第一级决定。然后可以使用共同传播或反向传播的泵浦光来配置放大器的第二级中的第二EDFA，用于附加的信号放大，以为远距离的光波系统提供所需的输出功率和增益。本发明的说明性实施例的其它方面包括使用包括滤波器，隔离器和衰减器的无源光学元件。

2. 发明授权

US5406404A Method of mitigating gain peaking using a chain of fiber amplifiers 失效
标题翻译：使用光纤放大器链减轻增益峰化的方法
公开(公告)号：US5406404A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-11
申请号：US146340
申请日：1993-11-02
申请人： David J. DiGiovanni , Jonathan A. Nagel , Richard G. Smart , James W. Sulhoff , John L. Zyskind
发明人： David J. DiGiovanni , Jonathan A. Nagel , Richard G. Smart , James W. Sulhoff , John L. Zyskind
IPC分类号： H01S3/07 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/16 , H01S3/17 , H04B10/04 , H04B10/06 , H04B10/14 , H04B10/16 , H04B10/17 , H04J14/02 , H04B10/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/2935 , H01S3/06754 , H04B10/2912 , H04J14/0221 , H01S2301/04 , H01S2303/00 , H01S3/1608
摘要： The present invention relates to a method of mitigating gain peaking in a chain of fiber amplifiers by pumping the amplifiers at a predetermined wavelength to produce gain over a specified wavelength range.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过以预定波长泵浦放大器以在特定波长范围内产生增益来减轻光纤放大器链中的增益峰化的方法。

3. 发明授权

US5132976A Electrically tunable fiber ring laser 失效
标题翻译：电可调光纤环激光
公开(公告)号：US5132976A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-21
申请号：US706135
申请日：1991-05-28
申请人： Yun C. Chung , David J. DiGiovanni , Julian Stone , James W. Sulhoff , John L. Zyskind
发明人： Yun C. Chung , David J. DiGiovanni , Julian Stone , James W. Sulhoff , John L. Zyskind
IPC分类号： H01S3/07 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/083 , H01S3/106 , H01S3/13
CPC分类号： H01S3/06791 , H01S3/1062
摘要： A compact all-fiber, electrically tunable ring laser includes a diodepumped erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The frequency of the laser is tuned by a fiber Fabry-Perot(FFP) etalon that is electrically tuned. An in-line optical isolator is used in conjunction with the FFP to eliminate undesired reflections. A second FFP with a narrow free spectral range (FSR) can be used in conjunction with a first FFP with a wide FSR.

4. 发明授权

US5181210A Electrically tunable fiber ring laser 失效
标题翻译：电可调光纤环激光
公开(公告)号：US5181210A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-19
申请号：US820110
申请日：1992-01-13
申请人： Yun C. Chung , David J. DiGiovanni , Julian Stone , James W. Sulhoff , John L. Zyskind
发明人： Yun C. Chung , David J. DiGiovanni , Julian Stone , James W. Sulhoff , John L. Zyskind
IPC分类号： H01S3/067 , H01S3/106
CPC分类号： H01S3/06791 , H01S3/1062
摘要： A compact all-fiber, electrically tunable ring laser includes a diode-pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The frequency of the laser is tuned by a fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) etalon that is electrically tuned. An in-line optical isolator is used in conjunction with the FFP to eliminate undesired reflections. A second FPP with a narrow free spectral range (FSR) can be used in conjunction with a first FFP with a wide FSR.
摘要翻译：紧凑型全光纤，电可调环形激光器包括二极管泵浦掺铒光纤放大器。激光器的频率由电气调谐的光纤法布里 - 珀罗（FFP）标准器调谐。在线光隔离器与FFP结合使用以消除不必要的反射。具有窄自由光谱范围（FSR）的第二个FPP可与具有宽FSR的第一个FFP结合使用。

5. 发明授权

US5223705A Measurement of an optical amplifier parameter with polarization 失效
标题翻译：测量具有极化的光放大器参数
公开(公告)号：US5223705A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-29
申请号：US929660
申请日：1992-08-12
申请人： Jennifer Aspell , Neal S. Bergano , Bruce M. Nyman , Richard G. Smart , James W. Sulhoff , John L. Zyskind
发明人： Jennifer Aspell , Neal S. Bergano , Bruce M. Nyman , Richard G. Smart , James W. Sulhoff , John L. Zyskind
IPC分类号： G01M11/00 , G02F1/35 , H01S3/00 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/10 , H04B10/08 , H04B10/135 , H04B10/17
CPC分类号： H04B10/0731 , H01S3/06754 , H04B10/25 , H04B10/2912 , H01S2301/02
摘要： In an embodiment for obtaining accurate noise figure measurements for any degree of saturation of an optical amplifier, a polarizer is located at the output of the optical amplifier. The amplified spontaneous noise (ASE) produced by an optical amplifier is not polarized, whereas the amplified signal has a well defined state of polarization which is preferably linear. If the amplified signal is not linearly polarized, it can be rendered linearly polarized in one direction by means of a polarization controller located downstream of the polarizer. By setting the polarizer to have its state of polarization orthogonal to that of the linearly polarized amplified signal, the spectral density of the ASE from the polarizer can be measured without associated distortion due to the signal. By sequentially adjusting the polarization controller to minimize and then maximize the signal which it passes, sequential measurements of the ASE spectral density and gain of the optical amplifier can be obtained. Continuous measurements of the ASE can be obtained by placing a splitter such as a 3dB coupler between the polarizer and the optical amplifier and setting the state of polarization of the polarizer to be continuously orthogonal to the state of polarization of the amplified signal from one leg of the splitter. At the same time, a signal from the other leg of the splitter which consists of ASE noise plus the amplified signal can be used to obtain the gain of the optical amplifier. From the measurements of the ASE with and without the amplified signal, the noise figure of the optical amplifier can be calculated.
摘要翻译：在用于获得光放大器的任何饱和度的精确噪声系数测量的实施例中，偏振器位于光放大器的输出处。由光放大器产生的放大自发噪声（ASE）不是极化的，而放大的信号具有良好限定的极化状态，其优选是线性的。如果放大的信号不是线性极化的，则可以通过位于偏振器下游的偏振控制器在一个方向上线性偏振。通过将偏振器设置为具有与线偏振放大信号的偏振态正交的偏振态，可以测量来自偏振器的ASE的光谱密度，而不会由于信号而引起相关的失真。通过依次调节偏振控制器以使其通过的信号最小化并最大化，可以获得光谱放大器的ASE光谱密度和增益的顺序测量。 ASE的连续测量可以通过在偏振器和光学放大器之间放置诸如3dB耦合器之类的分离器，并将偏振器的偏振态连续正交于来自一条支路的放大信号的极化状态分路器。同时，可以使用由ASE噪声加上放大信号组成的分离器的另一条支路的信号来获得光放大器的增益。从具有和不具有放大信号的ASE的测量结果可以计算出光放大器的噪声系数。

6. 发明授权

US6008932A Erbium-doped fiber amplifier with automatic gain control 失效
公开(公告)号：US6008932A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-28
申请号：US946469
申请日：1997-10-07
申请人： Gengxian Luo , Atul K. Srivastava , James W. Sulhoff , Yan Sun , John L. Zyskind
发明人： Gengxian Luo , Atul K. Srivastava , James W. Sulhoff , Yan Sun , John L. Zyskind
IPC分类号： H01S3/067 , H01S3/13 , H01S3/131 , H01S3/16 , H01S3/30 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： H01S3/1302 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/094003 , H01S3/09415 , H01S3/1608
摘要： An Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is placed in a laser cavity to clamp the gain of the amplifier. The laser cavity is preferably formed to minimize the effects of relaxation oscillations and of spectral hole burning. In a preferred embodiment, the laser cavity supports a lasing wavelength which makes the saturation energy at the laser wavelength less than that at the signal wavelengths. In an erbium doped fiber implementation, the laser wavelength is shorter than that of the signal wavelengths and is separated from them by no more than approximately 75% of the width of the spectral hole. The compounding of relaxation oscillations may be substantially eliminated by varying the length of the fiber within each laser cavity within a system to change the photon round-trip time within each cavity.

7. 发明授权

US6094298A Erbium-doped fiber amplifier with automatic gain control 有权
标题翻译：掺铒光纤放大器，具有自动增益控制
公开(公告)号：US6094298A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-25
申请号：US348112
申请日：1999-07-06
申请人： Gengxian Luo , Atul K. Srivastava , James W. Sulhoff , Yan Sun , John L. Zyskind
发明人： Gengxian Luo , Atul K. Srivastava , James W. Sulhoff , Yan Sun , John L. Zyskind
IPC分类号： H01S3/13 , H01S3/131 , H01S3/16 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： H01S3/1302 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/1608
摘要： An Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is placed in a laser cavity to clamp the gain of the amplifier. The laser cavity is preferably formed to minimize the effects of relaxation oscillations and of spectral hole burning. In a preferred embodiment, the laser cavity supports a lasing wavelength which makes the saturation energy at the laser wavelength less than that at the signal wavelengths. In an erbium doped fiber implementation, the laser wavelength is shorter than that of the signal wavelengths and is separated from them by no more than approximately 75% of the width of the spectral hole. The compounding of relaxation oscillations may be substantially eliminated by varying the length of the fiber within each laser cavity within a system to change the photon round-trip time within each cavity.
摘要翻译：掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）被放置在激光腔中以钳位放大器的增益。激光腔优选地被形成为使弛豫振荡和光谱孔燃烧的影响最小化。在优选实施例中，激光腔支持激光波长，其使得激光波长处的饱和能量小于信号波长处的饱和能量。在掺铒光纤实现中，激光波长比信号波长短，并且与激光波长分开不超过光谱孔宽度的大约75％。通过改变系统内的每个激光腔内的光纤的长度以改变每个空腔内的光子往返时间，可以基本消除松弛振荡的复合。

8. 发明授权

US4999694A Photodiode 失效
标题翻译：光电二极管
公开(公告)号：US4999694A
公开(公告)日：1991-03-12
申请号：US395922
申请日：1989-08-18
申请人： Richard F. Austin , Robert D. Feldman , James W. Sulhoff , John L. Zyskind
发明人： Richard F. Austin , Robert D. Feldman , James W. Sulhoff , John L. Zyskind
IPC分类号： H01L31/10 , H01L31/0296 , H01L31/101 , H01L31/108
CPC分类号： H01L31/108 , H01L31/02966 , H01L31/101
摘要： In this invention, there is disclosed a new photodiode which comprises a semimetal/semiconductor junction. Distortion of the bands associated with this type of junction result in current flow when an electron hole pair is formed by, for example, a photon impinging upon the junction. The photodiode operates in the photovoltaic mode. However, rather than relying on impurity doping to fabricate a p-n junction, the semimetallic nature of HgTe and its large conduction band offsets with Hg.sub.1-x Cd.sub.x Te are used to create a rectifying Schottky like structure.

9. 发明授权

US5237576A Article comprising an optical fiber laser 失效
标题翻译：一种光纤激光器
公开(公告)号：US5237576A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-17
申请号：US878791
申请日：1992-05-05
申请人： David J. DiGiovanni , Victor Mizrahi , John L. Zyskind
发明人： David J. DiGiovanni , Victor Mizrahi , John L. Zyskind
IPC分类号： H01S3/07 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/08 , H01S3/10 , H01S3/106 , H01S3/16 , H01S3/17
CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 , G02B6/02057 , H01S3/106 , H01S3/0672 , H01S3/08031 , H01S3/1608 , H01S3/1693
摘要： An article, such as an optical communication system, which includes a laser formed in an optical waveguide or optical fiber having a rare-earth-doped core or core portion. In one embodiment, the optical resonant cavity of the laser is at least partially defined by a distributed Bragg reflector formed in a portion of the core. In contrast to the prior art, the length of the optical resonant cavity is about 5 cm or less.

10. 发明授权

US5345331A Technique for reducing polarization dependent gain in an amplified optical transmission system 失效
标题翻译：用于减小放大光传输系统中偏振相关增益的技术
公开(公告)号：US5345331A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-06
申请号：US46536
申请日：1993-04-13
申请人： Neal S. Bergano , Vincent J. Mazurczyk , John L. Zyskind
发明人： Neal S. Bergano , Vincent J. Mazurczyk , John L. Zyskind
IPC分类号： G02F1/35 , H04B10/17 , H04B10/18 , H04B10/02
CPC分类号： H04B10/291 , H04B10/2569 , H04B10/2912 , H04B10/2933
摘要： A technique employing a depolarized optical source to reduce the polarization dependent gain associated with the optical pump signal used to excite doped fiber amplifiers within an optical transmission system. Pumping the doped fiber amplifiers with a signal that has no single predominant linear SOP, equalizes the gain of the amplifiers. A particular embodiment of the invention includes a pump comprised of a passive polarization scrambler coupled to the output of a multifrequency optical laser. The simple, passive arrangement keeps overall system costs to a minimum and increases reliability.
摘要翻译：一种使用去极化光源来减少与用于激发光传输系统内的掺杂光纤放大器的光泵浦信号相关的偏振相关增益的技术。用不具有单个主要线性SOP的信号对掺杂光纤放大器进行泵浦，从而均衡放大器的增益。本发明的一个具体实施例包括一泵，该泵包括耦合到多频光学激光器的输出的无源极化扰频器。简单，被动的安排将整个系统成本降至最低，并提高可靠性。

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