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1. 发明授权

US06519580B1 Decision-tree-based symbolic rule induction system for text categorization 失效
标题翻译：用于文本分类的基于决策树的符号规则感应系统
公开(公告)号：US06519580B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-11
申请号：US09589397
申请日：2000-06-08
申请人： David E. Johnson , Frank J. Oles , Tong Zhang
发明人： David E. Johnson , Frank J. Oles , Tong Zhang
IPC分类号： G06F1700
CPC分类号： G06K9/6282 , G06F17/3061 , G06N5/025
摘要： A method to automatically categorize messages or documents containing text. The method of solution fits in the general framework of supervised learning, in which a rule or rules for categorizing data is automatically constructed by a computer on the basis of training data that has beforehand been categorized, i.e., each training data item has been labeled with the categories to which it belongs. More specifically, the method for rule induction involves the novel combination of (1) inducing from the training data a decision tree for each category, (2) automated construction from each decision tree of a simplified symbolic rule set that is logically equivalent overall to the decision tree, and which is to be used for categorization instead of the decision tree, and (3) determination of a confidence level for each rule. The method covers both decision-tree-based symbolic rule induction and the use for the purpose of document categorization of rules in the logical format of those generated by the rule induction procedure described herein.
摘要翻译：一种自动分类包含文本的消息或文档的方法。解决方法适合于监督学习的一般框架，其中用于分类数据的规则或规则由计算机根据预先分类的训练数据自动构建，即每个训练数据项目已经被标记为它所属的类别。更具体地说，规则归纳的方法涉及以下新颖的组合：（1）从训练数据中引出每个类别的决策树，（2）从简化的符号规则集合的每个决策树的自动化构建，决策树，并且用于分类而不是决策树，以及（3）确定每个规则的置信水平。该方法涵盖基于决策树的符号规则归纳和用于以由本文描述的规则归纳过程生成的逻辑格式的规则的文档分类的目的。

2. 发明授权

US06477551B1 Interactive electronic messaging system 有权
标题翻译：交互式电子信息系统
公开(公告)号：US06477551B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-05
申请号：US09249797
申请日：1999-02-16
申请人： David E. Johnson , Frank J. Oles
发明人： David E. Johnson , Frank J. Oles
IPC分类号： G06F1721
CPC分类号： G06F17/277 , Y10S707/99935
摘要： A method and apparatus for interacting with incoming text information, e.g., a user query. The method of the present invention categorizes the incoming text information, and may also provide associated confidence levels with the categorization feature. The categorized information is used to query a database having associated category information with associated threshold values. The confidence levels may also be used when querying the database. The categorized information and corresponding confidence levels are then compared to the threshold value. If the categorized information and corresponding confidence levels equals or exceeds the threshold value then a response is provided by the system and method of the present invention. If the categorized information and corresponding confidence levels does not equal or exceed the threshold value then the system of the present invention will request further information of the user, and the method will repeat until (i) the categorized information and corresponding confidence levels equals or exceeds the threshold value or (ii) the system of the present invention times out.
摘要翻译：用于与输入的文本信息（例如，用户查询）进行交互的方法和装置。本发明的方法对传入的文本信息进行分类，并且还可以向分类特征提供相关的置信水平。分类信息用于查询具有相关联类别信息的数据库与相关联的阈值。查询数据库时也可以使用置信水平。然后将分类信息和相应置信水平与阈值进行比较。如果分类信息和相应置信水平等于或超过阈值，则通过本发明的系统和方法提供响应。如果分类信息和相应的置信水平不等于或超过阈值，则本发明的系统将请求用户的进一步信息，并且该方法将重复，直到（i）分类信息和对应置信水平等于或超过阈值或（ii）本发明的系统超时。

3. 发明申请

US20090287476A1 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR EXTRACTING INFORMATION FROM UNSTRUCTURED TEXT USING SYMBOLIC MACHINE LEARNING 有权
标题翻译：使用符号机器学习从非结构文本中提取信息的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US20090287476A1
公开(公告)日：2009-11-19
申请号：US12507866
申请日：2009-07-23
申请人： David E. Johnson , Frank J. Oles
发明人： David E. Johnson , Frank J. Oles
IPC分类号： G06F17/21
CPC分类号： G06F17/2705
摘要： A method (and structure) of extracting information from text, includes parsing an input sample of text to form a parse tree and using user inputs to define a machine-labeled learning pattern from the parse tree.
摘要翻译：从文本中提取信息的方法（和结构）包括解析文本的输入样本以形成分析树并且使用用户输入来从分析树定义机器标记的学习模式。

4. 发明授权

US06618722B1 Session-history-based recency-biased natural language document search 有权
标题翻译：基于会话历史的新近偏好自然语言文档搜索
公开(公告)号：US06618722B1
公开(公告)日：2003-09-09
申请号：US09624554
申请日：2000-07-24
申请人： David E. Johnson , Frank J. Oles
发明人： David E. Johnson , Frank J. Oles
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/30672 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99934 , Y10S707/99935
摘要： A method and apparatus make keyword selection and/or weighting as a function of a session history of user input in order to answer queries submitted by the user to a computer system by providing answers based on stored documents. The aim is to find the best answers by matching stored natural language documents both to the most recent query and to the most latest query in a context that captures the recent history interaction. To do this, answers are matched against a set of keywords extracted from the most recent query as well as a set of keywords extracted from those queries received since the last topic switch was detected. A central feature of the method is for the computer system implementing this method to maintain a session history for each user session history. Keywords are extracted from each query by a system implementing this method. A graded keyword list is a list of keywords paired with ages, which are indicators of how long ago in the session the user employed this keyword in a query. Graded keyword lists are maintained in the session history so the system can assign weights to keywords, with more recently received keywords being assigned higher weights than keywords with comparatively greater ages. The weights assigned to keywords are used in computing scores that indicate closeness of match of a document to a list of keywords.
摘要翻译：方法和装置根据用户输入的会话历史使关键字选择和/或加权，以便通过基于存储的文档提供答案来回答用户提交给计算机系统的查询。目的是通过将存储的自然语言文档与最新的查询和捕获最近的历史交互的上下文中的最新查询相匹配来找到最佳答案。为此，答案与从最新查询中提取的一组关键字以及从检测到上一个主题切换之后收到的那些查询中提取的一组关键字进行匹配。该方法的中心特征是实现该方法的计算机系统维护每个用户会话历史的会话历史。通过实现此方法的系统从每个查询中提取关键字。分级关键字列表是与年龄匹配的关键字列表，它们是用户在查询中使用此关键字的会话中多长时间的指标。分级关键字列表保留在会话历史记录中，因此系统可以为关键字分配权重，最近收到的关键字被赋予比具有较大年龄的关键字更高的权重。分配给关键字的权重用于计算分数，表示文档与关键字列表的匹配关系。

5. 发明授权

US08140323B2 Method and system for extracting information from unstructured text using symbolic machine learning 有权
标题翻译：使用符号机器学习从非结构化文本中提取信息的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US08140323B2
公开(公告)日：2012-03-20
申请号：US12507866
申请日：2009-07-23
申请人： David E. Johnson , Frank J. Oles
发明人： David E. Johnson , Frank J. Oles
IPC分类号： G06F17/20 , G06F17/27 , G06F17/21
CPC分类号： G06F17/2705
摘要： A method (and structure) of extracting information from text, includes parsing an input sample of text to form a parse tree and using user inputs to define a machine-labeled learning pattern from the parse tree.
摘要翻译：从文本中提取信息的方法（和结构）包括解析文本的输入样本以形成解析树，并且使用用户输入来从分析树定义机器标记的学习模式。

6. 发明授权

US06574624B1 Automatic topic identification and switch for natural language search of textual document collections 有权
标题翻译：自动主题识别和自动语言搜索的文本文档收藏的切换
公开(公告)号：US06574624B1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-03
申请号：US09640774
申请日：2000-08-18
申请人： David E. Johnson , Frank J. Oles
发明人： David E. Johnson , Frank J. Oles
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/3064 , G06F17/30684 , Y10S707/917 , Y10S707/99931 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99935
摘要： A method for iteratively drilling-down on a user's textual free-form natural language query uses a session history to interpret successive queries in the context of previous queries on a topic or topics and to detect an implicit switch in topic. By maintaining a session history of the user's free-form natural language input and by automatically determining whether there is a topic or context switch, the search process is substantially simplified and is more effective; that is, more accurate answers to a user's queries are found faster. In addition, as the system operates on free-form natural language input, automatically constructing the actual search expressions, the complexity of constructing successive search expressions is obviated. If the system determines the user is, according to its session history and tests, asking successive questions within a given topic or context, the system keeps searching within a previously determined given set of previous responses on that context or topic. This effectively narrows the documents found allowing the user to quickly and accurately find just the documents of interest. If the system determines the user has implicitly changed context or topic, based on its session history and tests, it searches all the information at its disposal; i.e., all of the collections of documents.
摘要翻译：在用户的文本自由格式自然语言查询中迭代地深入挖掘的方法使用会话历史来解释在关于主题或主题的先前查询的上下文中的连续查询，并且检测主题中的隐式切换。通过维护用户自由形式自然语言输入的会话历史，并且通过自动确定是否存在主题或上下文切换，搜索过程被大大简化并且更有效; 也就是说，更快地找到用户查询的更准确的答案。另外，由于系统采用自由形式的自然语言输入，自动构建实际的搜索表达式，所以构建连续的搜索表达式的复杂度被消除了。如果系统确定用户是根据其会话历史和测试来询问给定主题或上下文中的连续问题，则该系统在先前确定的对该上下文或主题的先前响应的给定集合中继续搜索。这有效地缩小了发现的文档，允许用户快速准确地找到感兴趣的文档。如果系统确定用户具有隐式改变的上下文或主题，则根据会话历史和测试，搜索所有可用的信息; 即所有的文件集合。

7. 发明授权

US06567805B1 Interactive automated response system 有权
标题翻译：交互式自动应答系统
公开(公告)号：US06567805B1
公开(公告)日：2003-05-20
申请号：US09570788
申请日：2000-05-15
申请人： David E. Johnson , Frank J. Oles , Thilo W. Goetz
发明人： David E. Johnson , Frank J. Oles , Thilo W. Goetz
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/3061 , Y10S707/917 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99934 , Y10S707/99935
摘要： A computerized system responds, not just to a single query issued by a user, but to a query in the context of a dialog with the user. The system, which is referred to as an interactive automated response system, consists of three principal components or subsystems, which are a text categorizer that assigns categories to text extracted from a dialog, a search system whose purpose is to match text extracted from a dialog with answers, and a dialog manager whose purpose is to maintain a user's session history, to decide what text should be sent to the text categorizer and to the search system, to make use of a partially ordered category scheme to categorize each stage of the dialog based on the results returned by the other components, and to use the results of dialog categorization, as well as the results returned by the other components to create suitable responses to the user's query in the context of his or her earlier queries.
摘要翻译：计算机化系统不仅响应于用户发出的单个查询，而且响应于与用户的对话框上下文中的查询。该系统被称为交互式自动化响应系统，由三个主要组件或子系统组成，它们是文本分类器，其将类别分配给从对话提取的文本，搜索系统的目的是匹配从对话提取的文本使用答案和一个对话管理器，其目的是维护用户的会话历史，以决定应将什么文本发送到文本分类器和搜索系统，以利用部分排序的类别方案对对话框的每个阶段进行分类基于其他组件返回的结果，并使用对话框分类的结果，以及由其他组件返回的结果，以在其早期查询的上下文中创建对用户查询的合适响应。

8. 外观设计

USD583974S1 Motion-sensing security light and alarm 有权
标题翻译：运动感应安全灯和报警器
公开(公告)号：USD583974S1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-30
申请号：US29299882
申请日：2008-01-07
申请人： David E. Johnson
设计人： David E. Johnson

9. 外观设计

USD477881S1 Hunter's blind 失效
标题翻译：猎人的盲人
公开(公告)号：USD477881S1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-29
申请号：US29168651
申请日：2002-10-07
申请人： David E. Johnson
设计人： David E. Johnson

10. 发明授权

US5860237A Sleeve sign and stand 失效
标题翻译：袖子标志和立场
公开(公告)号：US5860237A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-19
申请号：US720526
申请日：1996-09-30
申请人： David E. Johnson
发明人： David E. Johnson
IPC分类号： G09F15/00
CPC分类号： G09F15/0056 , G09F15/00
摘要： A sign for highway use or advertising comprises a sign stand 100 and a replaceable stretch sleeve 401. The sign stand comprises a base 120 and two vertical columns 106, 107 having receiving surfaces 106D, 108D comprising recesses 106F, 108F and raised portions 106E, 108E. The sleeve is stretched over the vertical surfaces and is retained in the recesses of the vertical surfaces by the raised portions. The sleeve is made of polyethylene film and contains indicia 407. The stretchable sleeve provides a means to easily replace the indicia of the signs. The sleeve is reusable and recyclable.
摘要翻译：用于高速公路使用或广告的标志包括标牌架100和可更换的拉伸套筒401.标牌架包括基座120和两个垂直列106,107，其具有包括凹槽106F，108F和凸起部分106E，108E的接收表面106D，108D和凸起部分106E，108E 。套筒在垂直表面上拉伸，并通过凸起部分保持在垂直表面的凹槽中。套筒由聚乙烯薄膜制成并包含标记407.可伸缩套筒提供了一种方便地更换标志标记的装置。袖子是可重复使用和可回收的。

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