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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Seamless splicing of encoded MPEG video and audio
    • 编码MPEG视频和音频的无缝拼接
    • US06678332B1
    • 2004-01-13
    • US09540347
    • 2000-03-31
    • Daniel GardereJohn ForecastPeter BixbySorin FaibishWayne W. DusoSeyfullah H. OguzSebastian KellerMichel NouryJean Louis Rochette
    • Daniel GardereJohn ForecastPeter BixbySorin FaibishWayne W. DusoSeyfullah H. OguzSebastian KellerMichel NouryJean Louis Rochette
    • H04B166
    • H04N21/23424H04N21/23608H04N21/41407H04N21/44016
    • Predictive analysis is performed upon encoded digital motion video (such as an MPEG Transport Stream) to facilitate real-time splicing. The predictive analysis includes estimation of upper and lower bounds of the data levels in a decoder's video and audio buffers for splicing in such a way as to prevent buffer overflow and underflow. This enables buffer management techniques including padding or stuffing, micro-restamping, freeze or repeat of frames, skip or drop of frames, alignment of audio with video. The predictive analysis also includes analysis of the structure of the encoded audio including audio access units (AAUs) and compression windows (AFs), prediction in the compressed domain of initial conditions of the decoder buffer levels for every single Elementary Stream (ES) component of a Transport Stream (TS), and identification of valid splicing In Points and Out Points based on the predicted buffer levels without any special encoder. This permits splicing of different compressed audio types without consideration of the details of the compression mechanism. The predictive analysis may also include recommendations or marking. The analysis is performed on ingest of the data as a pre-processing in preparation for splicing of a new file on early queuing in a data storage system before streaming.
    • 在编码的数字运动视频(例如MPEG传输流)上执行预测分析以便于实时拼接。 预测分析包括在解码器的视频和音频缓冲器中估计数据电平的上限和下限以进行拼接,以防止缓冲器溢出和下溢。 这使得能够实现缓冲器管理技术,包括填充或填充,微型停止,帧的冻结或重复,帧的跳过或掉落,音频与视频的对齐。 预测分析还包括对包括音频访问单元(AAU)和压缩窗口(AF)的编码音频的结构的分析,在压缩域中对每个单个基本流(ES)分量的解码器缓冲器级别的初始条件的预测 传输流(TS),以及基于没有任何特殊编码器的预测缓冲器级别来识别有效拼接点和点。 这允许不考虑压缩机构的细节来剪接不同的压缩音频类型。 预测分析还可能包括建议或标记。 对数据进行分析,作为预处理,准备在流媒体之前在数据存储系统的早期排队中拼接新文件。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Real time processing and streaming of spliced encoded MPEG video and associated audio
    • 拼接编码MPEG视频及相关音频的实时处理和流式传输
    • US06792047B1
    • 2004-09-14
    • US09539747
    • 2000-03-31
    • Peter BixbyJohn ForecastDaniel GardereSorin FaibishWayne W. Duso
    • Peter BixbyJohn ForecastDaniel GardereSorin FaibishWayne W. Duso
    • H04N712
    • H04N21/44016H04N21/23424H04N21/23608H04N21/23611
    • Time stamps in an encoded digital motion video data stream (such as an MPEG Transport Stream) are re-stamped for seamless splicing. The re-stamping includes attainment of Presentation Time Stamp (PTS) agreement in the video stream, alignment of audio stream and video stream Presentation Time Stamps, and re-stamping of the Program Clock Reference (PCR) to eliminate jitter and to comply with MPEG standards. The MPEG compliance is achieved by padding, stuffing and insertion of freeze B and P frames and pre-encoded black I frames. Freeze frame insertion can be also achieved by replacing B and P frames by, smaller in size, freeze B and P frames respectively. No frames are discarded such that both spatial and temporal frame accuracy (no extra frame insertion assumed) is achieved. Moreover, padding is inserted into the data stream to compensate for irregularities in the decoder buffer level, and the audio and video buffer levels are managed dynamically to recover from data miss-delivery to minimize secondary effects, including prediction of errors, inducing freeze or skip, and insertion of padding. The start of the play of the second MPEG stream spliced to the first one is frame accurate and starts as scheduled based on the use of an external clock signal in a stream server computer.
    • 经编码的数字运动视频数据流(例如MPEG传输流)中的时间戳被重新标记以用于无缝拼接。 重新标记包括在视频流中实现呈现时间戳(PTS)协议,音频流和视频流呈现时间戳的对准以及程序时钟参考(PCR)的重新标记以消除抖动并遵守MPEG 标准。 通过填充,填充和插入冻结B和P​​帧以及预编码的黑色I帧来实现MPEG符合性。 也可以通过将B和P帧分别代替较小的B帧和P帧来实现冻结帧插入。 不丢弃任何帧,从而实现空间和时间帧精度(不考虑额外的帧插入)。 此外,将填充插入到数据流中以补偿解码器缓冲器级别中的不规则性,并且动态地管理音频和视频缓冲器级别以从数据未命中传送恢复以最小化次要效应,包括误差预测,诱导冻结或跳过 ,并插入填充。 拼接到第一MPEG的第二MPEG流的播放的开始是帧精确的,并且基于流服务器计算机中的外部时钟信号的使用而按照调度开始。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • MPEG dual-channel decoder data and control protocols for real-time video streaming
    • MPEG双通道解码器数据和控制协议,用于实时视频流
    • US07174561B2
    • 2007-02-06
    • US09834427
    • 2001-04-13
    • Peter BixbyJohn ForecastWilliam O. HultinSorin FaibishWayne W. Duso
    • Peter BixbyJohn ForecastWilliam O. HultinSorin FaibishWayne W. Duso
    • H04N7/173
    • H04N21/23424H04N21/44016
    • A system for producing multiple concurrent real-time video streams from stored MPEG video clips includes a video server and at least one MPEG decoder array. The decoder array has multiple decoder pairs, each pair having a video switch for switching from one decoder in the pair to the other at a specified time. Switching may occur from a specified Out-point frame to a specified In-point frame, and the specified frames can be any frame type at any location in the group of pictures (GOP) structure. In a preferred construction, the video server has a controller server linked to a series of data mover computers, each controlling one or more respective decoder arrays. The data mover computers use a control protocol to control the decoder arrays, and each decoder uses a data protocol to request data from a respective data mover computer.
    • 用于从存储的MPEG视频剪辑产生多个并发实时视频流的系统包括视频服务器和至少一个MPEG解码器阵列。 解码器阵列具有多个解码器对,每对具有用于在指定时间从一对解码器切换到另一个的视频切换器。 可以从指定的Out-Point帧到指定的In-point帧进行切换,并且指定的帧可以是图像组(GOP)结构中的任何位置处的任何帧类型。 在优选结构中,视频服务器具有链接到一系列数据移动器计算机的控制器服务器,每个数据移动器计算机控制一个或多个相应的解码器阵列。 数据移动器计算机使用控制协议来控制解码器阵列,并且每个解码器使用数据协议来从相应的数据移动器计算机请求数据。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Video file server cache management using movie ratings for reservation of memory and bandwidth resources
    • 视频文件服务器缓存管理使用电影评级来预留内存和带宽资源
    • US07444662B2
    • 2008-10-28
    • US09893825
    • 2001-06-28
    • Sorin FaibishJohn ForecastUgur SezerPeter BixbyWayne W. Duso
    • Sorin FaibishJohn ForecastUgur SezerPeter BixbyWayne W. Duso
    • H04N7/173
    • H04N21/2407H04N7/17336H04N21/2225H04N21/23106H04N21/2393H04N21/26241
    • Access to movies ranging from very popular movies to unpopular movies is managed by configuring sets of data movers for associated movie rankings, reserving data mover local cache resources for the most popular movies, reserving a certain number of streams for popular movies, negotiating with a client for selection of available movie titles during peak demand when resources are not available to start any freely-selected movie in disk storage, and managing disk bandwidth and primary and local cache memory and bandwidth resources for popular and unpopular movies. The assignment of resources to movie rankings may remain the same while the rankings of the movies are adjusted, for example, during off-peak hours. A movie locked in primary cache and providing a source for servicing a number of video streams may be demoted from primary cache to disk in favor of servicing one or more streams of a higher-ranking movie.
    • 访问从非常受欢迎的电影到不受欢迎的电影的电影通过配置用于相关电影排名的数据移动器组,为最受欢迎的电影预留数据移动器本地缓存资源,为流行电影预留一定数量的流,与客户协商 用于在资源不可用时在磁盘存储中启动任意自由选择的电影以及管理磁盘带宽以及主流和本地高速缓冲存储器以及流行和不受欢迎的电影带宽资源时,在峰值需求期间选择可用的电影标题。 例如,在非高峰时段,电影排名的调配可能会保持不变,同时电影排名也会保持不变。 锁定在主缓存中并提供用于服务多个视频流的源的电影可以从主缓存降级到磁盘,有利于维护较高排名电影的一个或多个流。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Multi-threaded write interface and methods for increasing the single file read and write throughput of a file server
    • 多线程写入接口和增加单个文件读取和写入文件服务器吞吐量的方法
    • US07865485B2
    • 2011-01-04
    • US10668467
    • 2003-09-23
    • Sachin MullickJiannan ZhengXiaoye JiangSorin FaibishPeter Bixby
    • Sachin MullickJiannan ZhengXiaoye JiangSorin FaibishPeter Bixby
    • G06F7/00G06F17/00G06F12/00G06F17/30
    • G06F17/30171G06F11/1466G06F2201/84
    • A write interface in a file server provides permission management for concurrent access to data blocks of a file, ensures correct use and update of indirect blocks in a tree of the file, preallocates file blocks when the file is extended, solves access conflicts for concurrent reads and writes to the same block, and permits the use of pipelined processors. For example, a write operation includes obtaining a per file allocation mutex (mutually exclusive lock), preallocating a metadata block, releasing the allocation mutex, issuing an asynchronous write request for writing to the file, waiting for the asynchronous write request to complete, obtaining the allocation mutex, committing the preallocated metadata block, and releasing the allocation mutex. Since no locks are held during the writing of data to the on-disk storage and this data write takes the majority of the time, the method enhances concurrency while maintaining data integrity.
    • 文件服务器中的写接口提供对并发访问文件数据块的权限管理,确保文件树中间接块的正确使用和更新,扩展文件时预分配文件块,解决并发读取的访问冲突 并写入同一个块,并允许使用流水线处理器。 例如,写入操作包括获得每个文件分配互斥(互斥锁),预先分配元数据块,释放分配互斥体,发出用于写入文件的异步写入请求,等待异步写入请求完成,获得 分配互斥体,提交预先分配的元数据块,以及释放分配互斥体。 由于在将数据写入磁盘存储器期间没有锁定,并且此数据写入占用大部分时间,因此该方法在保持数据完整性的同时增强了并发性。