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1. 发明授权

US4440733A Thermochemical generation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide 失效
标题翻译：氢和二氧化碳的热化学生成
公开(公告)号：US4440733A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-03
申请号：US204477
申请日：1980-11-06
申请人： Daniel D. Lawson , Christopher England
发明人： Daniel D. Lawson , Christopher England
IPC分类号： C01B3/06 , C01B13/00
CPC分类号： C01B3/068 , Y02E60/36
摘要： Mixing of carbon in the form of high sulfur coal with sulfuric acid reduces the temperature of sulfuric acid decomposition from 830.degree. C. to between 300.degree. C. and 400.degree. C. The low temperature sulfuric acid decomposition is particularly useful in thermal chemical cycles for splitting water to produce hydrogen. Carbon dioxide is produced as a commercially desirable byproduct. Lowering of the temperature for the sulfuric acid decomposition or oxygen release step simplifies equipment requirements, lowers thermal energy input and reduces corrosion problems presented by sulfuric acid at conventional cracking temperatures. Use of high sulfur coal as the source of carbon for the sulfuric acid decomposition provides an environmentally safe and energy efficient utilization of this normally polluting fuel.
摘要翻译：将高硫煤与硫酸混合的碳将硫酸的分解温度从830℃降至300℃至400℃。低温硫酸分解在热化学循环中特别有用分解水以产生氢气。产生二氧化碳作为商业上需要的副产物。降低硫酸分解或释氧步骤的温度简化了设备要求，降低了热能输入，并降低了在常规裂解温度下由硫酸引起的腐蚀问题。使用高硫煤作为硫酸分解的碳源可以使环境安全和节能的利用这种正常污染的燃料。

2. 发明授权

US4334888A Coal desulfurization 失效
标题翻译：煤炭脱硫
公开(公告)号：US4334888A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-15
申请号：US250646
申请日：1981-04-03
申请人： William H. Corcoran , Nicholas P. Vasilakos , Daniel D. Lawson
发明人： William H. Corcoran , Nicholas P. Vasilakos , Daniel D. Lawson
IPC分类号： C10L9/02 , C10G1/00 , C10L9/12
CPC分类号： C10L9/02
摘要： A method for enhancing solubilizing mass transport of reactive agents into and out of carbonaceous materials, such as coal. Solubility parameters of mass transfer and solvent media are matched to individual peaks in the solubility parameter spectrum of coals to enhance swelling and/or dissolution.Methanol containing reactive agent carriers are found particularly effective for removing organic sulfur from coals by chlorinolysis.
摘要翻译：一种增强反应剂进入和流出碳质材料如煤的质量传质的方法。质量转移和溶剂介质的溶解度参数与煤的溶解度参数谱中的各个峰匹配，以增强溶胀和/或溶解。发现含甲醇的反应剂载体通过氯化解解对从煤中除去有机硫是特别有效的。

3. 发明授权

US4083765A Polymeric electrolytic hygrometer 失效
标题翻译：聚合电解湿度计
公开(公告)号：US4083765A
公开(公告)日：1978-04-11
申请号：US752748
申请日：1976-12-21
申请人： Daniel D. Lawson
发明人： Daniel D. Lawson
IPC分类号： G01N27/12 , C08F14/00 , C08F214/26 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/42 , H01B1/12 , H01C7/00 , G01N27/46
CPC分类号： G01N27/423
摘要： An improved flow-through electrolytic hygrometer is provided which utilizes a long lasting oxidation-resistant, hollow fiber formed of a persulfonic acid substituted polytetrafluoroethylene having closely spaced noble metal electrodes in contact with the inner and outer surfaces of the fiber. The fiber is disposed within a chamber such that the moisture-bearing gas passes in contact with at least one surface of the fiber. The electrodes are connected in series to a DC voltage supply and an ammeter. As the gas passes through the chamber, moisture absorbed into the wall of the fiber is electrolyzed to hydrogen and oxygen by the closely spaced electrodes. The amount of electricity required for electrolysis is proportional to the absorbed moisture and is observed on the ammeter.
摘要翻译：提供了一种改进的流通式电解湿度计，其使用由具有与纤维的内表面和外表面接触的具有紧密间隔的贵金属电极的透过磺酸取代的聚四氟乙烯形成的长效抗氧化中空纤维。纤维设置在室内，使得含湿气体与纤维的至少一个表面接触。电极串联连接到直流电压源和电流表。当气体通过室时，吸收到纤维壁中的水分被紧密间隔的电极电解为氢和氧。电解所需的电量与吸收的水分成比例，并且在电流表上观察到。

4. 发明授权

US5002894A Method for the determination of lignin content of a sample by flash pyrolysis in an atmosphere of hydrogen or helium and method therefor 失效
标题翻译：通过在氢气或氦气气氛中快速热解测定样品的木质素含量的方法及其方法
公开(公告)号：US5002894A
公开(公告)日：1991-03-26
申请号：US202401
申请日：1988-06-06
申请人： Parthasarathy Shakkottai , Eug Y. Kwack , Daniel D. Lawson
发明人： Parthasarathy Shakkottai , Eug Y. Kwack , Daniel D. Lawson
IPC分类号： G01N31/00 , G01N33/34 , G01N33/46 , H01J49/04
CPC分类号： H01J49/0472 , G01N31/005 , G01N33/343 , G01N33/46 , Y10T436/200833
摘要： The lignin content of wood, paper pulp or other material containing lignin (such as filter paper soaked in black liquor) is more readily determined by flash pyrolysis of the sample at approximately 550.degree. C. in a reducing atmosphere of hydrogen or in an inert atmosphere of helium followed by a rapid analysis of the product gas by a mass spectrometer. The heated pyrolysis unit as fabricated comprises a small platinum cup welded to an electrically-heated stainless steel ribbon with control means for programmed short duration (1.5 sec, approximately) heating and means for continuous flow of hydrogen or helium. The pyrolysis products enter an electron-ionization mode mass spectrometer for spectral evaluation. Lignin content is obtained from certain ratios of integrated ion currents of many mass spectral lines, the ratios being linearly related to the Kappa number of Klason lignin.
摘要翻译：木质素，纸浆或含有木质素的其他材料（如黑液中浸泡的滤纸）的木质素含量更容易通过样品在约550℃的还原气氛中或在惰性气氛中快速热解的氦气，然后通过质谱仪快速分析产物气体。制造的加热热解单元包括焊接到电加热的不锈钢带的小的铂杯，其具有用于编程的短持续时间（1.5秒，大约）加热的控制装置和用于氢或氦的连续流动的装置。热解产物进入电子离子模式质谱仪进行光谱评估。木质素含量从许多质谱线的集成离子电流的一定比例获得，其比例与Klason木质素的卡伯值线性相关。

5. 发明授权

US4100331A Dual membrane, hollow fiber fuel cell and method of operating same 失效
标题翻译：双膜，中空纤维燃料电池及其操作方法
公开(公告)号：US4100331A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-11
申请号：US765138
申请日：1977-02-03
申请人： James C. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with respect to an invention of Fletcher , John D. Ingham , Daniel D. Lawson
发明人： James C. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with respect to an invention of Fletcher , John D. Ingham , Daniel D. Lawson
IPC分类号： H01M4/86 , H01M4/88 , H01M4/94 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/08
CPC分类号： H01M8/08 , H01M4/86
摘要： A gaseous fuel cell is described which includes a pair of electrodes formed by open-ended, ion-exchange hollow fibers, each having a layer of metal catalyst deposited on the inner surface thereof and large surface area current collectors such as braided metal mesh in contact with the metal catalyst layer. A fuel cell results when the electrodes are immersed in electrolyte and electrically connected. As hydrogen and oxygen flow through the bore of the fibers oxidation and reduction reactions develop an electrical potential. Since the hollow fiber configuration provides large electrode area per unit volume and intimate contact between fuel and oxidizer at the interface, and due to the low internal resistance of the electrolyte, high power densities can be obtained.
摘要翻译：描述了一种气态燃料电池，其包括由开口的离子交换中空纤维形成的一对电极，每个电极在其内表面上沉积有一层金属催化剂，并且大的表面积集电体如编织金属网接触与金属催化剂层。当电极浸入电解质并电连接时，会产生燃料电池。当氢气和氧气流过纤维孔时，氧化和还原反应产生电位。由于中空纤维构造在单位体积中提供大的电极面积，并且在界面处燃料和氧化剂之间的紧密接触，并且由于电解质的内阻低，因此可以获得高功率密度。

6. 发明授权

US4915816A Polymer hygrometer for harsh environments 失效
标题翻译：聚合物湿度计适用于恶劣环境
公开(公告)号：US4915816A
公开(公告)日：1990-04-10
申请号：US240736
申请日：1988-09-06
申请人： Parthasarathy Shakkottai , Daniel D. Lawson , Shakkottai P. Venkateshan
发明人： Parthasarathy Shakkottai , Daniel D. Lawson , Shakkottai P. Venkateshan
IPC分类号： G01N27/12
CPC分类号： G01N27/121
摘要： The polymer hygrometer with lithium doped Nafion was developed to meet the need for a reliable sensor for determining the relative humidity in harsh environments of pulp and paper mills. The sensor can operate in atmospheres that have organic vapors and dust, is unaffected by sulphur dioxide, acidic vapors and strong oxidizing agents. Exceptional stability is shown by the sensor which has withstood twelve months of continuous operation in a paper mill drier duct at temperatures near 65.degree. C. and air flow velocity of 10 m/s with no degradation or calibration change. Materials used in construction of the sensor such as glass, silver filled epoxy, Teflon, platinum wire, and Nafion contribute to ruggedness and immunity to harsh environments.
摘要翻译：开发了具有掺杂锂的Nafion的聚合物湿度计，以满足用于确定纸浆和造纸厂恶劣环境中的相对湿度的可靠传感器的需要。传感器可以在具有有机蒸汽和灰尘的气氛中工作，不受二氧化硫，酸性蒸汽和强氧化剂的影响。传感器表现出极好的稳定性，该传感器在接近65℃的温度下在造纸干燥机中经受了十二个月的连续操作，空气流速为10m / s，没有劣化或校准变化。用于建造传感器的材料，如玻璃，填充银的环氧树脂，特氟隆，铂丝和Nafion，有助于恶劣环境的耐用性和抗扰性。

7. 发明授权

US4753654A Ultraviolet radiation absorbing intraocular lens 失效
标题翻译：紫外线吸收眼内透镜
公开(公告)号：US4753654A
公开(公告)日：1988-06-28
申请号：US948328
申请日：1986-12-31
申请人： Thomas Posin , Daniel D. Lawson
发明人： Thomas Posin , Daniel D. Lawson
IPC分类号： A61F2/16 , A61L27/16 , A61L27/50
CPC分类号： A61F2/16 , A61L27/14 , A61L27/16 , A61L27/50 , A61F2002/16965 , A61L2430/16
摘要： An intraocular lens capable of absorbing ultraviolet radiation and, additionally, a method for forming the lens is provided. The intraocular lens comprises a polymer matrix that is biocompatible with body tissue and fluids and comprises polymethylmethacrylate and a chromophoric compound. The intraocular lens preferably has about the same capability for absorbing ultraviolet radiation as does the natural crystalline lens of the eye. In one embodiment, the intraocular lens is formed by co-polymerizing a polymerizable derivate of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone and methyl methacrylate monomer to form an ultraviolet light absorbing co-polymer additive. The co-polymer additive is mixed with methyl methacrylate monomer for forming a prepolymer solution that is then cured. The intraocular lens is formed from the solid cured co-polymer.
摘要翻译：提供一种能够吸收紫外线的眼内透镜，另外还提供了形成透镜的方法。眼内透镜包括与身体组织和流体生物相容的聚合物基质，并且包含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和发色化合物。眼内透镜优选具有与眼睛的天然晶状体相同的吸收紫外线辐射的能力。在一个实施方案中，通过使2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮的可聚合衍生物与甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体共聚而形成紫外线吸收共聚物添加剂来形成眼内透镜。共聚物添加剂与甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体混合，形成预聚物溶液，然后固化。眼内透镜由固体固化共聚物形成。

8. 发明授权

US4636212A Ultraviolet radiation absorbing intraocular lens 失效
公开(公告)号：US4636212A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-13
申请号：US713014
申请日：1985-03-18
申请人： Thomas Posin , Daniel D. Lawson
发明人： Thomas Posin , Daniel D. Lawson
IPC分类号： A61F2/16 , A61L27/16 , A61L27/50
CPC分类号： A61F2/16 , A61L27/16 , A61L27/50 , A61F2002/16965 , A61F2250/0098 , A61L2430/16
摘要： An intraocular lens capable of absorbing ultraviolet radiation and, additionally, a method for forming the lens is provided. The intraocular lens comprises a polymer matrix that is biocompatible with body tissue and fluids and comprises polymethylmethacrylate and a chromophoric compound. The intraocular lens preferably has about the same capability for absorbing ultraviolet radiation as does the natural crystalline lens of the eye. In one embodiment, the intraocular lens is formed by co-polymerizing a polymerizable derivate of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone and methyl methacrylate monomer to form an ultraviolet light absorbing co-polymer additive. The co-polymer additive is mixed with methyl methacrylate monomer for forming a prepolymer solution that is then cured. The intraocular lens is formed from the solid cured co-polymer.

9. 发明授权

US4420544A High performance methanol-oxygen fuel cell with hollow fiber electrode 失效
标题翻译：具有中空纤维电极的高性能甲醇 - 氧燃料电池
公开(公告)号：US4420544A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-13
申请号：US307848
申请日：1981-10-02
申请人： Daniel D. Lawson , John D. Ingham
发明人： Daniel D. Lawson , John D. Ingham
IPC分类号： H01M8/00
CPC分类号： H01M8/00
摘要： A methanol/air-oxygen fuel cell including an electrode formed by open-ended ion-exchange hollow fibers having a layer of catalyst deposited on the inner surface thereof and a first current collector in contact with the catalyst layer. A second current collector external of said fibers is provided which is immersed along with the hollow fiber electrode in an aqueous electrolyte body. Upon passage of air or oxygen through the hollow fiber electrode and introduction of methanol into the aqueous electrolyte, a steady current output is obtained. Two embodiments of the fuel cell are disclosed. In the first embodiment the second metal electrode is displaced away from the hollow fiber in the electrolyte body while in the second embodiment a spiral-wrap electrode is provided about the outer surface of the hollow fiber electrode.
摘要翻译：一种甲醇/空气 - 氧气燃料电池，包括由其内表面上沉积有催化剂层的开放式离子交换中空纤维形成的电极和与该催化剂层接触的第一集电体。提供所述纤维外部的第二集电器，其与中空纤维电极一起浸入含水电解质体中。当空气或氧气通过中空纤维电极并将甲醇引入含水电解质中时，获得稳定的电流输出。公开了燃料电池的两个实施例。在第一实施例中，第二金属电极远离电解质体中的中空纤维，而在第二实施例中，围绕中空纤维电极的外表面设置螺旋缠绕电极。

10. 发明授权

US4388171A Supercritical multicomponent solvent coal extraction 失效
标题翻译：超临界多组分溶剂萃取
公开(公告)号：US4388171A
公开(公告)日：1983-06-14
申请号：US315584
申请日：1981-10-30
申请人： James M. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with respect to an invention of Beggs , William H. Corcoran , William S. Fong , Puvin Pichaichanarong , Paul C. F. Chan , Daniel D. Lawson
发明人： James M. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with respect to an invention of Beggs , William H. Corcoran , William S. Fong , Puvin Pichaichanarong , Paul C. F. Chan , Daniel D. Lawson
IPC分类号： B01D11/02 , C10G1/04 , C10G1/00 , C10G1/06
CPC分类号： B01D11/0203 , C10G1/04 , Y10S208/952
摘要： The yield of organic extract from the supercritical extraction of coal with larger diameter organic solvents such as toluene is increased by use of a minor amount of from 0.1 to 10% by weight of a second solvent such as methanol having a molecular diameter significantly smaller than the average pore diameter of the coal.
摘要翻译：通过使用少量的0.1至10重量％的第二溶剂（例如分子量显着小于甲醇的甲醇）来提高来自具有较大直径有机溶剂如甲苯的煤超临界萃取的有机萃取物的产率煤的平均孔径。

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