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1. 发明授权

US07875400B2 Method and apparatus for internal hydration of a fuel cell system 有权
标题翻译：燃料电池系统内部水化的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07875400B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-25
申请号：US11684463
申请日：2007-03-09
申请人： Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr. , Russ Marvin , David DeAngelis , David H. Leach , Louis Schick
发明人： Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr. , Russ Marvin , David DeAngelis , David H. Leach , Louis Schick
IPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H01M8/06
CPC分类号： H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04037 , H01M8/04067 , H01M8/04141 , H01M8/04149 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1009 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A fuel cell system having internal pushback of water, with a compact, thermally integrated enthalpy exchanger enabling effective hydration control in a small fuel cell system is provided. The enthalpy exchanger provides for the moisture in the fuel cell effluent to be used to humidify the incoming air stream to allow the fuel cell to be operated at higher temperatures while avoiding dry out. The enthalpy exchanger includes a moisture permeable membrane which collects moisture from the exhaust flow and makes this moisture available to an incoming air stream, thus humidifying the incoming air stream. In addition, the waste heat from the fuel cell reactions is transferred to the incoming air stream. The exhaust stream from the anode can also be used to provide additional moisture and heat to the enthalpy exchanger to be added to the incoming air stream. A water separator is also provided in one embodiment.
摘要翻译：提供具有内部回水的燃料电池系统，具有紧凑的热集成焓交换器，其能够在小型燃料电池系统中进行有效的水合控制。焓交换器提供燃料电池流出物中的水分用于加湿进入的空气流，以允许燃料电池在较高温度下操作，同时避免干燥。焓交换器包括透湿膜，其从排气流收集水分，并使这种湿气可用于进入的空气流，从而加湿进入的空气流。此外，来自燃料电池反应的废热转移到进入的空气流中。来自阳极的废气流还可以用于向焓交换器提供额外的水分和热量以加入到进入的空气流中。在一个实施例中也提供了水分离器。

2. 发明授权

US08101318B2 Method for fuel cell assembly with springs and pins 失效
标题翻译：具有弹簧和销的燃料电池组件的方法
公开(公告)号：US08101318B2
公开(公告)日：2012-01-24
申请号：US11606726
申请日：2006-11-30
申请人： Constantinos Minas , Megan A. Fannon , Russ Marvin , Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr. , Robert S. Hirsch , Sampath Venkataswamy
发明人： Constantinos Minas , Megan A. Fannon , Russ Marvin , Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr. , Robert S. Hirsch , Sampath Venkataswamy
IPC分类号： H01M8/00 , H01M2/00 , H01M2/08
CPC分类号： H01M8/0297 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0273 , H01M8/0284 , H01M8/0286 , H01M8/1009 , H01M8/248 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A spring loaded direct oxidation fuel cell assembly reduces the effects of precompression relaxation. A near flat spring and a distribution plate form a spring assembly that is disposed between a membrane electrode assembly and one of the current collectors in the fuel cell. The components are assembled into a fuel cell assembly and are precompressed, and a spring yielding process is performed. While precompression is being applied, a set of pins and a plastic frame are insert molded around the fuel cell assembly to hold the components in place. Subsequently, as the precompression relaxes, the spring assembly forces act to maintain an evenly distributed compression on the MEA, thereby compensating for the loss of precompression. A related method of manufacturing a fuel cell assembly is provided.
摘要翻译：弹簧加载的直接氧化燃料电池组件减少了预压缩松弛的影响。附近的平板弹簧和分配板形成弹簧组件，该弹簧组件设置在膜电极组件和燃料电池中的一个集流器之间。将组件组装成燃料电池组件并进行预压缩，并执行弹簧屈服过程。在施加预压缩的同时，一组销和塑料框架被插入模制在燃料电池组件周围以将部件保持在适当的位置。随后，随着预压缩松弛，弹簧组合力作用于在MEA上保持均匀分布的压缩，从而补偿预压缩的损失。提供了制造燃料电池组件的相关方法。

3. 发明授权

US07306869B2 Electrostatically actuated shutter and array for use in a direct oxidation fuel cell 失效
标题翻译：用于直接氧化燃料电池的静电驱动的快门和阵列
公开(公告)号：US07306869B2
公开(公告)日：2007-12-11
申请号：US10726162
申请日：2003-12-02
申请人： David H. Leach , Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr.
发明人： David H. Leach , Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr.
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04082
摘要： A wide-area electrostatically-actuated shutter is provided that includes a thin, flexible, diaphragm that is placed between two rigid electrode structures. In one embodiment of the invention, the diaphragm has a set of openings in it. These openings overlap with corresponding openings in one of the rigid electrodes such that when the diaphragm is contiguous to that electrode, the openings provide apertures through which vaporous fuel can flow. The opposite electrode does not have overlapping openings, thus it forms a seal that prevents gas or vapor from passing through it when the diaphragm is in contact with the opposite electrode. The shutter is actuated electrostatically by an associated driver that applies a voltage to the diaphragm such that when the high voltage is applied to the diaphragm, the diaphragm is attracted to the fixed electrode that is tied to ground. Alternatively, when is desired to place the shutter in the opposite position, the diaphragm is placed at ground, which, in turn, pulls it towards the fixed electrode that is at a high voltage, to adjust the shutter. The shutter can be rapidly opened and closed at a high frequency in a PWM mode or a PFM mode.
摘要翻译：提供了一种广域静电致动的快门，其包括薄的，柔性的隔膜，其被放置在两个刚性电极结构之间。在本发明的一个实施例中，隔膜在其中具有一组开口。这些开口与其中一个刚性电极中的相应开口重叠，使得当隔膜与该电极邻接时，开口提供空气燃料可以流过的孔。相对的电极没有重叠的开口，因此当隔膜与相对电极接触时，它形成一个防止气体或蒸汽通过它的密封件。通过向隔膜施加电压的相关联的驱动器静电地驱动快门，使得当高压施加到隔膜时，隔膜被吸引到被接地的固定电极。或者，当希望将快门放置在相反的位置时，隔膜被放置在地面上，接着将其拉向朝向高电压的固定电极，以调节快门。在PWM模式或PFM模式下，快门可以高频快速打开和关闭。

4. 发明授权

US6093502A Fuel cell with selective pressure variation and dynamic inflection 有权
标题翻译：具有选择性压力变化和动态拐点的燃料电池
公开(公告)号：US6093502A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-25
申请号：US181400
申请日：1998-10-28
申请人： Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr. , William B. Maynard
发明人： Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr. , William B. Maynard
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04223 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04231
摘要： In one aspect, a fuel cell assembly may include one or more (e.g., PEM-type) fuel cell(s). Fluid(s) service(s) for the fuel cell assembly may include reactant fluid(s) service(s) such as service(s) of fuel(s) and/or oxidant(s), along with humidification service(s). A pulsator may be positioned at any entrance and/or exit for the fluid manifolds. Such pulsator(s) may serve to introduce pressure variation(s) along part(s) of flow path(s) extending in the fuel cell assembly. In one example, with respect to an anode side of a fuel cell, the pressure variation(s) may serve to purge a nitrogen blanket from the anode side of the MEA so reformate including hydrogen may be supplied for electrochemical reaction. With respect to a cathode side of the fuel cell, the pressure variation(s) may serve to remove a nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide blanket and product fluid from the cathode side of the MEA so air containing oxygen may be supplied for the electrochemical reaction. Also, excess humidification fluid may be removed. A greater power density may be obtained. Pressure variation(s) may be configured to dynamically inflect the MEA to assist mechanical mixing(s) in promoting flow field fuel service(s) and/or increasing power density.
摘要翻译：一方面，燃料电池组件可以包括一个或多个（例如，PEM型）燃料电池。用于燃料电池组件的流体服务可以包括诸如燃料和/或氧化剂的一些或多个反应物流体服务，以及加湿服务，。波轮可以位于用于流体歧管的任何入口和/或出口处。这种脉动器可以用于沿着在燃料电池组件中延伸的流动路径的一部分引入压力变化。在一个示例中，相对于燃料电池的阳极侧，压力变化可以用于从MEA的阳极侧清洗氮气覆盖层，因此可以提供包括氢的重整物用于电化学反应。对于燃料电池的阴极侧，压力变化可以用于从MEA的阴极侧除去氮气和/或二氧化碳毯和产品流体，因此可以提供含氧的空气用于电化学反应。此外，可以除去多余的加湿流体。可以获得更大的功率密度。压力变化可以被配置为动态地变形MEA以辅助机械混合以促进流场燃料服务和/或增加功率密度。

5. 发明授权

US6071635A Easily-formable fuel cell assembly fluid flow plate having conductivity and increased non-conductive material 失效
标题翻译：易于形成的燃料电池组件流体流动板具有导电性和增加的非导电材料
公开(公告)号：US6071635A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-06
申请号：US54670
申请日：1998-04-03
申请人： Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr.
发明人： Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr.
IPC分类号： H01M8/02 , H01M8/24 , H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/242 , H01M8/0223 , H01M8/0247 , H01M8/0256 , H01M8/0263 , H01M8/0267 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/0273 , H01M8/249
摘要： A fluid flow plate is preferably formed with conductive member(s) and non-conductive material(s). The conductive member(s) and/or the non-conductive material(s) form portion(s) of land(s) and/or flow channel(s) on face(s) of the plate. The flow channel(s) pass between and/or among the land(s). The flow channel(s) can be optimized to service fluid(s) for a fuel cell assembly. The conductive member(s) form electrical path(s) between, among, about and/or around position(s) on the face(s) of the plate. The electrical path(s) serve to conduct electrical current generated by the fuel cell assembly. The non-conductive material(s) can form brace(s) for, and/or seal(s) with, portion(s) of the flow channel(s). The non-conductive material(s) can form portion(s) of a periphery of the face(s) of the plate, and/or portion(s) of any appropriate geometric feature(s) for the plate. The non-conductive material(s) can be injection-molded. The non-conductive material(s) can form means for aligning the fluid flow plate with an adjacent plate. The non-conductive material(s) can form means for maintaining clamping pressure on a component between the fluid flow plate and an adjacent plate.
摘要翻译：流体流动板优选地形成有导电构件和非导电材料。导电构件和/或非导电材料在板的表面上形成陆片和/或流动通道的一部分。流动通道在一个或多个区域之间和/或之间通过。可以优化流动通道以为燃料电池组件提供流体。导电构件在板的表面上的位置之间，之中，之间和/或周围形成电路径。电路用于传导由燃料电池组件产生的电流。非导电材料可以与流动通道的一部分形成支架和/或密封。非导电材料可以形成板的表面的周边的部分和/或用于板的任何适当的几何特征的部分。非导电材料可以被注射成型。非导电材料可以形成用于使流体流动板与相邻板对准的装置。非导电材料可以形成用于维持流体流动板和相邻板之间的部件上的夹紧压力的装置。

6. 发明授权

US08735012B2 Direct oxidation fuel cell system with uniform vapor delivery of fuel 有权
标题翻译：直接氧化燃料电池系统，具有均匀的蒸汽输送燃料
公开(公告)号：US08735012B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-27
申请号：US12274472
申请日：2008-11-20
申请人： David Leach , Michael L. Chen , Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr. , Constantinos Minas , Keith G. Brown , Robert Miller , James K. Prueitt , John E. Meschter , Amit Chaugule , Russel H. Marvin , Mark C. Mendrick
发明人： David Leach , Michael L. Chen , Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr. , Constantinos Minas , Keith G. Brown , Robert Miller , James K. Prueitt , John E. Meschter , Amit Chaugule , Russel H. Marvin , Mark C. Mendrick
IPC分类号： H01M8/02 , H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04074 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04067 , H01M8/04082 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/1011 , Y02E60/523
摘要： A fuel cell system which includes a fuel distribution structure that uniformly distributes vaporizing fuel to a fuel cell is provided. As the fuel travels in a flow field channel in the fuel distribution structure, it is substantially converted to a vapor by the heat of the fuel cell operation in such a manner that the resulting vapor pressure works to substantially uniformly distribute fuel evenly outwardly across substantially the entire active area of the anode aspect of one or more membrane electrode assemblies in the system, and whereby localized, uneven “hot spots” of fuel at the anode aspects are substantially prevented. A pair of enthalpy exchanger and heat spreader assemblies include a cathode current collector element that also has a heat spreader plate that collects and redirects heat in the fuel cell system, the assembly acting to manage the heat, temperature and condensation in the fuel cell system.
摘要翻译：提供一种燃料电池系统，其包括将蒸发燃料均匀地分配到燃料电池的燃料分配结构。当燃料在燃料分配结构中的流场通道中行进时，其通过燃料电池操作的热量基本上转化为蒸气，使得所得到的蒸汽压力基本上均匀地分布在均匀地分布燃料系统中一个或多个膜电极组件的阳极方面的整个活性区域，并且由此在阳极方面基本上防止了燃料的局部不均匀的“热点”。一对焓交换器和散热器组件包括阴极集电器元件，该阴极集电器元件还具有在燃料电池系统中收集和重定向热量的散热板，该组件用于管理燃料电池系统中的热量，温度和冷凝。

7. 发明授权

US06200698B1 End plate assembly having a two-phase fluid-filled bladder and method for compressing a fuel cell stack 有权
标题翻译：端板组件具有两相流体填充的气囊和用于压缩燃料电池堆的方法
公开(公告)号：US06200698B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-13
申请号：US09371818
申请日：1999-08-11
申请人： Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr.
发明人： Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr.
IPC分类号： H01M802
CPC分类号： H01M8/247 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： An end plate assembly is disclosed for use in a fuel cell assembly in which the end plate assembly includes a housing having a cavity, and a bladder receivable in the cavity and engageable with the fuel cell stack. The bladder includes a two-phase fluid having a liquid portion and a vapor portion. Desirably, the two-phase fluid has a vapor pressure between about 100 psi and about 600 psi at a temperature between about 70 degrees C. to about 110 degrees C.
摘要翻译：公开了用于燃料电池组件的端板组件，其中端板组件包括具有空腔的壳体，以及可接收在空腔中并可与燃料电池组接合的气囊。气囊包括具有液体部分和蒸汽部分的两相流体。期望地，在约70℃至约110℃的温度下，两相流体具有在约100psi至约600psi之间的蒸气压。

8. 发明授权

US06406807B1 Distribution of hydration fluid in a fuel cell 失效
标题翻译：燃料电池中水化液的分布
公开(公告)号：US06406807B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-18
申请号：US09643812
申请日：2000-08-22
申请人： Milton H. Nelson , Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr. , Mathew J. Cusack , John R. Miller
发明人： Milton H. Nelson , Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr. , Mathew J. Cusack , John R. Miller
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/0247 , H01M8/04291 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A hydration system for a fuel cell includes a fluid flow plate having an inlet fluid opening for receiving a hydration fluid, a plurality of reactant flow channels defined in the fluid flow plate, at least one land interposed between the flow channels, and at least one hole defined in and extending through the land. The hole may be fluidly connected to the inlet fluid opening, thereby allowing a portion of the fluid to aid in hydration of a membrane of the fuel cell. A hydration channel also formed in the land may extend from an outlet of the hole to further aid membrane hydration.
摘要翻译：用于燃料电池的水合系统包括流体流动板，其具有用于接收水合流体的入口流体开口，限定在流体流动板中的多个反应物流动通道，插入在流动通道之间的至少一个平台，以及至少一个洞中定义并延伸穿过土地。孔可以流体地连接到入口流体开口，从而允许一部分流体有助于燃料电池的膜的水合。还形成在地面中的水化通道可以从孔的出口延伸以进一步有助于膜水合。

9. 发明授权

US6150049A Fluid flow plate for distribution of hydration fluid in a fuel cell 有权
标题翻译：用于在燃料电池中分配水合流体的流体流动板
公开(公告)号：US6150049A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-21
申请号：US398608
申请日：1999-09-17
申请人： Milton H. Nelson , Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr. , Mathew J. Cusack , John R. Miller
发明人： Milton H. Nelson , Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr. , Mathew J. Cusack , John R. Miller
IPC分类号： H01M8/02 , H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/0247 , H01M8/04291 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A hydration system for a fuel cell includes a fluid flow plate having an inlet fluid opening for receiving a hydration fluid, a plurality of reactant flow channels defined in the fluid flow plate, at least one land interposed between the flow channels, and at least one hole defined in and extending through the land. The hole may be fluidly connected to the inlet fluid opening, thereby allowing a portion of the fluid to aid in hydration of a membrane of the fuel cell. A hydration channel also formed in the land may extend from an outlet of the hole to further aid membrane hydration.
摘要翻译：用于燃料电池的水合系统包括流体流动板，其具有用于接收水合流体的入口流体开口，限定在流体流动板中的多个反应物流动通道，插入在流动通道之间的至少一个平台，以及至少一个洞中定义并延伸穿过土地。孔可以流体地连接到入口流体开口，从而允许一部分流体有助于燃料电池的膜的水合。还形成在地面中的水化通道可以从孔的出口延伸以进一步有助于膜水合。

10. 发明授权

US6015633A Fluid flow plate for water management, method for fabricating same, and fuel cell employing same 有权
标题翻译：用于水管理的流体流动板，其制造方法和使用其的燃料电池
公开(公告)号：US6015633A
公开(公告)日：2000-01-18
申请号：US168232
申请日：1998-10-07
申请人： Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr. , William P. Acker
发明人： Charles M. Carlstrom, Jr. , William P. Acker
IPC分类号： H01M8/02 , H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/0263 , H01M8/023 , H01M8/0247 , H01M8/04119 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/04156 , Y10T29/49108
摘要： A fluid flow plate includes a generally porous portion and a generally non-porous portion which together form on a first surface of the plate, a flow channel having at least one turn for distributing a reactant gas in a fuel cell. The porous portion defines an outer lateral portion of the at least one turn. Such fluid flow plate(s) provide a water management scheme for a fuel cell and/or fuel cell assembly in which the turn(s) in a flow channel of the fluid flow plate(s) are used for multi-point per flow channel addition, removal, and/or redistribution of water for regulation of the humidity of a stream of reactant gas for membrane hydration and/or cooling. Desirably, for removal of water, the inertia of large water droplets moving along with the reactant gas through the flow channel impact the porous portion which forms the outer lateral portion of the turn(s).
摘要翻译：流体流动板包括通常多孔部分和一般形成在板的第一表面上的大致无孔部分，流动通道具有至少一匝，用于在燃料电池中分配反应气体。多孔部分限定至少一匝的外侧部分。这种流体流动板为燃料电池和/或燃料电池组件提供水管理方案，其中流体流板的流动通道中的回转用于多点每流动通道添加，去除和/或再分配水以调节用于膜水合和/或冷却的反应气体流的湿度。理想地，为了去除水，与反应气体一起通过流动通道移动的大水滴的惯性撞击形成转弯的外侧部分的多孔部分。

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