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1. 发明授权

US07804296B2 Methods and apparatus for monitoring a property of a formation fluid 有权
标题翻译：用于监测地层流体性质的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07804296B2
公开(公告)日：2010-09-28
申请号：US12020788
申请日：2008-01-28
申请人： Charles Flaum , Robert L. Kleinberg , Christian Straley , Robert Badry , Austin Boyd , Olivier Faivre , Shawn Taylor , Anthony R. H. Goodwin
发明人： Charles Flaum , Robert L. Kleinberg , Christian Straley , Robert Badry , Austin Boyd , Olivier Faivre , Shawn Taylor , Anthony R. H. Goodwin
IPC分类号： G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01V3/32
摘要： Methods and apparatus for the characterization of formation fluids are disclosed. A downhole tool disposed in a borehole penetrating a subterranean formation obtains a NMR measurement, effects a change in a characteristic of the formation fluid, and obtains another NMR measurement subsequent to the change. Alternatively, the downhole tool effects a radial gradient of a characteristic of the formation and obtains NMR measurements at two or more selected radial distances from the wellbore wall. A parameter representative of the subterranean formation or the formation fluid is further determined from the NMR measurements.
摘要翻译：公开了表征地层流体的方法和装置。设置在贯穿地层的钻孔中的井下工具获得NMR测量，影响地层流体的特性的变化，并且在改变之后获得另一NMR测量。或者，井下工具实现地层特征的径向梯度，并从井筒壁的两个或更多个选定的径向距离获得核磁共振测量。从NMR测量进一步确定代表地层或地层流体的参数。

2. 发明授权

US06891369B2 Nuclear magnetic resonance method and logging apparatus for fluid analysis 有权
标题翻译：核磁共振法和流体分析测井仪
公开(公告)号：US06891369B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-10
申请号：US10318798
申请日：2002-12-13
申请人： Martin D. Hurlimann , Charles Flaum , Mark Flaum , Lalitha Venkataramanan , Robert L. Kleinberg
发明人： Martin D. Hurlimann , Charles Flaum , Mark Flaum , Lalitha Venkataramanan , Robert L. Kleinberg
IPC分类号： G01R33/44 , G01R33/563 , G01R33/60 , G01V3/32 , G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01V3/32 , G01N24/081 , G01R33/56341 , G01R33/60
摘要： The present invention discloses a diffusion edited pulse technique that allows information about a fluid to be extracted, comprising: a) obtaining a fluid sample; b) generating a sequence of magnetic field pulses in the fluid, the sequence comprising an initial magnetic field pulse, a first portion that follows the initial magnetic field pulse, and a second portion that follows the first portion; c) detecting magnetic resonance signals using the second portion of the sequence; d) modifying the first portion of the sequence, and repeating steps (b) and (c); and e) extracting information about the fluid by determining relaxation and diffusion characteristics and their correlation based on the signals detected in steps (c) and (d). Also disclosed is a logging tool equipped with a processor to implement the diffusion edited pulse technique.
摘要翻译：本发明公开了一种允许提取关于流体的信息的扩散编辑脉冲技术，包括：a）获得流体样品; b）在流体中产生一系列磁场脉冲，该序列包括初始磁场脉冲，跟随初始磁场脉冲的第一部分和跟随第一部分的第二部分; c）使用序列的第二部分检测磁共振信号; d）修饰序列的第一部分，并重复步骤（b）和（c）; 以及e）基于步骤（c）和（d）中检测到的信号，通过确定松弛和扩散特性及其相关性来提取关于流体的信息。还公开了一种装备有处理器来实现扩散编辑脉冲技术的测井工具。

3. 发明申请

US20090091320A1 Methods and Apparatus for Monitoring a Property of a Formation Fluid 有权
标题翻译：用于监测地层流体性质的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20090091320A1
公开(公告)日：2009-04-09
申请号：US12020788
申请日：2008-01-28
申请人： Charles Flaum , Robert L. Kleinberg , Christian Straley , Robert Badry , Austin Boyd , Olivier Faivre , Shawn Taylor , Anthony R.H. Goodwin
发明人： Charles Flaum , Robert L. Kleinberg , Christian Straley , Robert Badry , Austin Boyd , Olivier Faivre , Shawn Taylor , Anthony R.H. Goodwin
IPC分类号： G01V3/32
CPC分类号： G01V3/32
摘要： Methods and apparatus for the characterization of formation fluids are disclosed. A downhole tool disposed in a borehole penetrating a subterranean formation obtains a NMR measurement, effects a change in a characteristic of the formation fluid, and obtains another NMR measurement subsequent to the change. Alternatively, the downhole tool effects a radial gradient of a characteristic of the formation and obtains NMR measurements at two or more selected radial distances from the wellbore wall. A parameter representative of the subterranean formation or the formation fluid is further determined from the NMR measurements.
摘要翻译：公开了表征地层流体的方法和装置。设置在贯穿地层的钻孔中的井下工具获得NMR测量，影响地层流体的特性的变化，并且在改变之后获得另一NMR测量。或者，井下工具实现地层特征的径向梯度，并从井筒壁的两个或更多个选定的径向距离获得核磁共振测量。从NMR测量进一步确定代表地层或地层流体的参数。

4. 发明授权

US06232778B1 Method for obtaining NMR bound fluid volume using partial polarization 失效
标题翻译：使用部分极化获得NMR结合流体体积的方法
公开(公告)号：US06232778B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-15
申请号：US09096320
申请日：1998-06-11
申请人： Peter Speier , Steven F. Crary , Robert L. Kleinberg , Charles Flaum
发明人： Peter Speier , Steven F. Crary , Robert L. Kleinberg , Charles Flaum
IPC分类号： G01V300
CPC分类号： G01V3/32 , G01N24/081
摘要： The present invention provides methods for determining the bound fluid volume (BFV) of a formation utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques in which less than full polarization occurs and in which less than a complete NMR distribution is acquired. The effect of the polarizing static magnetic field is shortened in time by applying a shortened wait time between NMR measurements so that only the bound fluid of the formation is polarized. The shortened wait time is effectuated by early application of the oscillating magnetic field to the formation which, in conjunction with a limited number of refocusing pulses, induces signals in the formation that are measured by the NMR tool. The peak amplitude of these signals corresponds to the BFV. The present invention provides information so that a partial polarization calculation curve in T2 lies almost equally between an empirical tapered cutoff curve and a theoretical tapered cutoff curve. Moreover, because no T2 information must be acquired, the method is especially suited for logging-while-drilling operations, where the drill string moves uncontrollably during the NMR measurement.
摘要翻译：本发明提供使用核磁共振（NMR）技术测定地层的结合流体体积（BFV）的方法，其中发生少于全极化，并且其中获得小于完整的NMR分布。通过在NMR测量之间施加缩短的等待时间来缩短偏振静磁场的效果，使得只有结合的结构的流体被极化。缩短的等待时间是通过将振荡磁场早期应用于地层来实现的，其结合有限数量的重聚焦脉冲，通过NMR工具测量地层中的信号。这些信号的峰值幅度对应于BFV。本发明提供信息，使得T2中的部分极化计算曲线几乎等同于经验锥形截止曲线和理论锥形截止曲线之间。此外，由于不能获得T2信息，所以该方法特别适用于在钻井操作期间的钻井操作，其中钻柱在NMR测量期间不受控制地移动。

5. 发明授权

US6140817A Magnetic resonance well logging method and apparatus 失效
标题翻译：磁共振测井方法及装置
公开(公告)号：US6140817A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-31
申请号：US85274
申请日：1998-05-26
申请人： Charles Flaum , Robert L. Kleinberg
发明人： Charles Flaum , Robert L. Kleinberg
IPC分类号： G01V3/32 , G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01V3/32
摘要： Technique and apparatus are disclosed for identifying characteristics of hydrocarbons, such as distinguishing light and heavy formation oil, in formations surrounding an earth borehole. The technique and apparatus can also be used for determining residual oil saturation, permeability, and bound water volume. An embodiment of the method of the invention includes the following steps: providing a nuclear magnetic resonance logging device that is moveable through the borehole; providing, from the logging device, a polarizing magnetic field and cycles of a magnetic pulse sequence, and receiving magnetic resonance spin echoes from the formations; processing the received spin echoes to produce a T.sub.2 distribution; computing a magnetic resonance porosity from the T.sub.2 distribution; deriving a measure of total porosity of the formations; and comparing the magnetic resonance porosity with the total porosity.
摘要翻译：公开了用于识别围绕地球钻孔的地层中烃类特征的技术和装置，例如区分轻质和重质地层油。该技术和装置也可用于确定残油饱和度，渗透率和结合水体积。本发明方法的一个实施例包括以下步骤：提供可通过钻孔移动的核磁共振测井装置; 从记录装置提供偏振磁场和磁脉冲序列的周期，以及从地层接收磁共振自旋回波; 处理所接收的自旋回波以产生T2分布; 从T2分布计算磁共振孔隙度; 得出地层总孔隙度的量度; 并将磁共振孔隙率与总孔隙率进行比较。

6. 发明授权

US06570382B1 Nuclear magnetic resonance method and logging apparatus 有权
标题翻译：核磁共振法和测井仪
公开(公告)号：US06570382B1
公开(公告)日：2003-05-27
申请号：US09723803
申请日：2000-11-28
申请人： Martin D. Hurlimann , Charles Flaum , Mark Flaum , Lalitha Venkataramanan
发明人： Martin D. Hurlimann , Charles Flaum , Mark Flaum , Lalitha Venkataramanan
IPC分类号： G01V300
CPC分类号： G01N24/081 , G01R33/4625 , G01V3/32
摘要： NMR methods for extracting information about a fluid in rock and logging apparatuses for implementing such methods in a borehole environment are provided. The methods involve generating at least two different magnetic field pulse sequences. The magnetic field pulse sequences include a first portion and a second portion. A magnetic field pulse sequence is generated, and magnetic resonance signals are detected using the second portion of the sequence. The first portion of the sequence is modified, and again the sequence generated and magnetic resonance signals detected using the second portion. The magnetic resonance signals are analyzed, and information about, for example, diffusion coefficient, viscosity, composition, saturation in a rock, pore size, pore geometry and the like, extracted from the analyzed signals.
摘要翻译：提供了用于在井眼环境中实施这种方法的用于提取关于岩石中的流体的信息和测井装置的NMR方法。该方法包括产生至少两个不同的磁场脉冲序列。磁场脉冲序列包括第一部分和第二部分。产生磁场脉冲序列，并使用序列的第二部分检测磁共振信号。序列的第一部分被修改，并且再次产生序列并使用第二部分检测磁共振信号。分析磁共振信号，从分析的信号中提取关于例如扩散系数，粘度，组成，岩石中的饱和度，孔径，孔几何形状等的信息。

7. 发明授权

US4794792A Method for determining formation characteristics with enhanced vertical resolution 失效
标题翻译：用增强的垂直分辨率确定地层特征的方法
公开(公告)号：US4794792A
公开(公告)日：1989-01-03
申请号：US164367
申请日：1988-03-03
申请人： Charles Flaum , James E. Galford , Steven W. Ducket
发明人： Charles Flaum , James E. Galford , Steven W. Ducket
IPC分类号： G01V5/10 , E21B49/00
CPC分类号： G01V5/104 , G01V5/10 , G01V5/107
摘要： A method for determining a characteristic of a subsurface geological formation enhances the vertical resolution of dual-detector measurements by utilizing a continuous calibration factor which is obtained from an environmentally compensated characteristic derived from at least two resolution-matched sensor signals, and from a resolution-matched sensor signal from the near-detector of the tool.
摘要翻译：用于确定地下地质地层特征的方法通过利用从由至少两个分辨率匹配传感器信号导出的环境补偿特性和从分辨率匹配传感器信号得到的连续校准因子来增强双检测器测量的垂直分辨率，匹配传感器信号从工具的近检测器。

8. 发明授权

US4423323A Neutron logging method and apparatus for determining a formation characteristic free of environmental effects 失效
标题翻译：用于确定没有环境影响的地层特性的中子测井方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4423323A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-27
申请号：US300418
申请日：1981-09-09
申请人： Darwin V. Ellis , Charles Flaum
发明人： Darwin V. Ellis , Charles Flaum
IPC分类号： G01V5/10 , G01V5/00
CPC分类号： G01V5/107
摘要： A method for determining porosity or other formation characteristic of a sub-surface geological formation traversed by a borehole is claimed. A neutron logging tool is passed through the borehole while irradiating the formation with neutrons. The neutron logging tool includes a neutron source and first and second detectors spaced from the source by different distances. Neutrons exiting the formation are detected with the neutron detectors and count rate signals are generated. In response to these signals, an indication of porosity, substantially independent of error due to tool standoff from said borehole wall, is produced. In addition, values of tool standoff are also generated. These standoff values are then filtered by a filter to reduce statistical variations and are used to generate improved indications of porosity.
摘要翻译：要求一种用于确定由钻孔穿过的地下地质地层的孔隙度或其它地层特征的方法。中子测井工具通过井眼同时用中子辐射地层。中子测井工具包括一个中子源和第一个和第二个检测器，与源极间隔不同的距离。用中子检测器检测离开地层的中子，产生计数率信号。响应于这些信号，产生基本上与由于所述钻孔壁的工具间隔导致的误差的孔隙度的指示。此外，还产生了工具间隔的值。然后通过过滤器过滤这些间隔值以减少统计学变化，并用于产生改善的孔隙度指示。

9. 发明授权

US4384205A Neutron method and apparatus for determining total cross-section 失效
标题翻译：用于确定总截面的中子方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4384205A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-17
申请号：US204094
申请日：1980-11-05
申请人： Charles Flaum
发明人： Charles Flaum
IPC分类号： G01N23/02 , G01N23/222 , G01V5/10 , G01V5/00
CPC分类号： G01N23/222 , G01N23/025 , G01V5/107 , G01N2223/04 , G01N2223/053 , G01N2223/106 , G01N2223/616
摘要： A method and an apparatus for quantitatively determining the macroscopic thermal neutron absorption cross-section of a geological formation traversed by a borehole is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of irradiating the formation with neutrons from a continuous source in a neutron sonde and detecting through the use of dual epithermal and thermal detectors the resultant flux of both thermal and epithermal neutrons. Representative signals are then combined in a manner which best takes advantage of the physics of the interaction of neutrons with matter to produce a representation of the macroscopic thermal neutron absorption cross-section. Thus, a signal representing the ratio of the counts is derived from each like pair of detectors. The logarithms of the signals are then taken and combined in a linear combination.
摘要翻译：公开了一种定量测定由钻孔穿过的地质地层的宏观热中子吸收截面的方法和装置。该方法包括以下步骤：在中子探头中从连续源辐射中子，并通过使用双重超热和热检测器来检测热和超热中子的所得通量。然后以最好地利用中子与物质相互作用的物理学的方式组合代表性信号以产生宏观热中子吸收截面的表示。因此，代表计数的比率的信号是从每个相似的检测器对导出的。然后采取信号的对数并以线性组合进行组合。

10. 发明申请

US20090143991A1 MEASUREMENTS IN A FLUID-CONTAINING EARTH BOREHOLE HAVING A MUDCAKE 审中-公开
标题翻译：含有MUDCAKE的含流体地球井的测量
公开(公告)号：US20090143991A1
公开(公告)日：2009-06-04
申请号：US11948395
申请日：2007-11-30
申请人： Charles Flaum
发明人： Charles Flaum
IPC分类号： G01N15/08 , E21B47/06
CPC分类号： E21B47/06 , E21B47/102 , G01N15/08 , G01N27/60
摘要： A method for determining true formation pressure in formations surrounding a fluid-containing borehole having a mudcake on the surface thereof, including the following steps: at a particular location in the borehole, monitoring the electrokinetic potential across the mudcake; modifying the borehole pressure at the particular location in the borehole; and determining the true formation pressure in the formations surrounding the particular location as being the borehole pressure at which the electrokinetic potential is substantially zero.
摘要翻译：一种用于确定围绕其表面上具有泥饼的流体含有钻孔的地层中的真实地层压力的方法，包括以下步骤：在钻孔中的特定位置处，监测穿过泥饼的电动势; 改变钻孔中特定位置处的井眼压力; 并且确定围绕特定位置的地层中的真实地层压力是电动势基本上为零的井眼压力。

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