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1. 发明授权

US4962342A Dynamic synapse for neural network 失效
标题翻译：神经网络的动态突触
公开(公告)号：US4962342A
公开(公告)日：1990-10-09
申请号：US347837
申请日：1989-05-04
申请人： Carver A. Mead , Timothy P. Allen , Federico Faggin
发明人： Carver A. Mead , Timothy P. Allen , Federico Faggin
IPC分类号： G06N3/063 , G11C27/02
CPC分类号： G11C27/026 , G06N3/063 , G06N3/0635
摘要： An electronic circuit is disclosed having a sample/hold amplifier connected to an adaptive amplifier. A plurality of such electronic circuits may be configured in an array of rows and columns. An input voltage vector may be compared with an analog voltage vector stored in a row or column of the array and the stored vector closest to the applied input vector may be identified and further processed. The stored analog value may be read out of the synapse by applying a voltage to a read line. An array of the readable synapses may be provided and used in conjunction with a dummy synapse to compensate for an error offset introduced by the operating characteristics of the synapses.
摘要翻译：公开了一种具有连接到自适应放大器的采样/保持放大器的电子电路。多个这样的电子电路可以被配置成行和列的阵列。可以将输入电压矢量与存储在阵列的行或列中的模拟电压矢量进行比较，并且可以识别并进一步处理最接近所施加的输入向量的存储向量。存储的模拟值可以通过向读取线施加电压而从突触中读出。可以提供可读突触的阵列并结合虚拟突触使用以补偿由突触的操作特征引入的误差偏移。

2. 发明授权

US5331215A Electrically adaptable neural network with post-processing circuitry 失效
标题翻译：具有后处理电路的电适应神经网络
公开(公告)号：US5331215A
公开(公告)日：1994-07-19
申请号：US922535
申请日：1992-07-30
申请人： Timothy P. Allen , Janeen D. W. Anderson , Carver A. Mead , Federico Faggin , John C. Platt , Michael F. Wall
发明人： Timothy P. Allen , Janeen D. W. Anderson , Carver A. Mead , Federico Faggin , John C. Platt , Michael F. Wall
IPC分类号： G06N3/063 , H01L27/06 , H03F1/02 , H03F1/30 , H03F3/45 , H03K19/0948
CPC分类号： H03F1/303 , G06N3/063 , H01L27/0629 , H03F1/0261 , H03F3/45479 , H03F3/45753 , H03F3/45977
摘要： A synaptic array according to the present invention comprises a plurality of electrically-adaptable elements. Electrons may be placed onto and removed from a floating node in each electrically adaptable element associated with at least one MOS insulated gate field effect transistor, usually the gate of the transistor, in an analog manner, by application of first and second electrical control signals generated in response to an adapt signal. The inputs to all synaptic elements in a row are connected to a common row input line. Adapt inputs to all synaptic elements in a column are connected together to a common column adapt line. The current supplied to all amplifiers in a column is commonly provided by a sense line. In order to adapt the synaptic elements in the M row by N column matrix of the present invention, the voltages to which a given column n of the matrix is to be adapted are placed onto the input voltage lines, and the synaptic elements in column n are then simultaneously adapted by assertion of an adapt signal on the adapt line for column n. The vectors of input voltages for adapting successive columns may be placed sequentially onto the row input voltage lines and used to adapt the columns of synaptic elements by assertion of the adapt signals on the appropriate column adapt lines until the entire array is electrically adapted. After each synaptic element has been adapted, the current flowing through it will be maximized when the voltage at the input of the synaptic element equals the voltage to which the synaptic element has been adapted. An electrically adaptable winner-take-all circuit has its inputs connected to the column-sense lines of the array.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的突触阵列包括多个电适应元件。可以通过施加产生的第一和第二电控制信号将电子放置在与至少一个MOS绝缘栅场效应晶体管（通常是晶体管的栅极）相关联的每个电适应元件中的浮动节点上并从其移除，响应于适配信号。对一行中所有突触元素的输入连接到公共行输入行。将输入到列中的所有突触元素的调整连接到公共列适应线。提供给列中所有放大器的电流通常由感测线提供。为了适应本发明的M行×N列矩阵中的突触元素，要将矩阵的给定列n适应的电压放置在输入电压线上，并且列n中的突触元素然后通过在第n列的适应线上断言适配信号同时进行调整。用于适配连续列的输入电压的矢量可以顺序地放置在行输入电压线上，并且用于通过在适当的列适配线上断言适配信号来适应突触元件的列，直到整个阵列电气适配。在每个突触元件已经适应之后，当突触元件的输入端的电压等于突触元件适应的电压时，流过它的电流将被最大化。电气适应性的胜者总线电路的输入连接到阵列的列感测线。

3. 发明授权

US5120996A Synaptic element and array 失效
标题翻译：突触元素和数组
公开(公告)号：US5120996A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-09
申请号：US535283
申请日：1990-06-06
申请人： Carver A. Mead , Federico Faggin , Timothy P. Allen , Janeen D. W. Anderson
发明人： Carver A. Mead , Federico Faggin , Timothy P. Allen , Janeen D. W. Anderson
IPC分类号： G06N3/063 , G11C15/04 , G11C27/02
CPC分类号： G11C27/024 , G06N3/063 , G11C11/54
摘要： An electronic circuit is disclosed having a sample/hold amplifier connected to an adaptive amplifier. A plurality of such electronic cicuits may be configured in an array of rows and columns. An input voltage vector may be compared with an analog voltage vector stored in a row or column of the array and the stored vector closest to the applied input vector may be identified and further processed.
摘要翻译：公开了一种具有连接到自适应放大器的采样/保持放大器的电子电路。多个这样的电子线路可以被配置成行和列的阵列。可以将输入电压矢量与存储在阵列的行或列中的模拟电压矢量进行比较，并且可以识别并进一步处理最接近所施加的输入向量的存储向量。

4. 发明授权

US5083044A Synaptic element and array 失效
标题翻译：突触元素和数组
公开(公告)号：US5083044A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-21
申请号：US357520
申请日：1989-05-25
申请人： Carver A. Mead , Timothy P. Allen , Federico Faggin , Janeen D. W. Anderson
发明人： Carver A. Mead , Timothy P. Allen , Federico Faggin , Janeen D. W. Anderson
IPC分类号： G06N3/063 , G11C15/04 , G11C27/02
CPC分类号： G11C15/04 , G06N3/063 , G11C27/02
摘要： An electronic circuit is disclosed having a sample/hold amplifier connected to an adaptive amplifier. A plurality of such electronic circuits may be configured in an array of rows and columns. An input voltage vector may be compared with an analog voltage vector stored in a row or column of the array and the stored vector closest to the applied input vector may be identified and further processed.
摘要翻译：公开了一种具有连接到自适应放大器的采样/保持放大器的电子电路。多个这样的电子电路可以被配置成行和列的阵列。可以将输入电压矢量与存储在阵列的行或列中的模拟电压矢量进行比较，并且可以识别并进一步处理最接近所施加的输入向量的存储向量。

5. 发明授权

US5763909A Integrating imaging system with phototransistor having wide dynamic range 失效
标题翻译：将成像系统与具有宽动态范围的光电晶体管集成
公开(公告)号：US5763909A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-09
申请号：US746439
申请日：1996-11-08
申请人： Carver A. Mead , Federico Faggin
发明人： Carver A. Mead , Federico Faggin
IPC分类号： H01L27/146 , H01L31/00
CPC分类号： H01L27/14681
摘要： A bipolar phototransistor comprises both an Integrating photosensor and a switching element. The base terminal of the bipolar phototransistor is utilized as the switch-control node for the pixel and its emitter is the output node of the integrating photosensor. A plurality of integrating photosensors may be placed in an array of rows and columns, wherein the bases of all bipolar phototransistors in a row are capacitively coupled together to a common row-select line, and the emitters of all bipolar phototransistors in a column are connected together to a column sense line. The input of a sense amplifier is connected to the sense line of each column of integrating photosensors. An integrating sense amplifier according to the present invention includes an amplifying element having an inverting input connected to the sense line. A capacitor, preferably a varactor, is also connected between the inverting input and output of the amplifying element. An exponential feedback element may be provided in the sense amplifiers for signal compression at high light levels. The outputs of the sense amplifiers are connected to sample/hold circuits. The rows of the array are selected one at a time and the outputs of the sample/hold circuits for each row are scanned out of the array while the pixel data for the next row are sampled.
摘要翻译：双极光电晶体管包括积分光电传感器和开关元件。双极光电晶体管的基极用作像素的开关控制节点，其发射极是积分光电传感器的输出节点。多个积分光电传感器可以放置在行和列的阵列中，其中一行中的所有双极光电晶体管的基极电容耦合到一个共同的行选择线，并且列中的所有双极光电晶体管的发射极被连接一起到列感觉线。读出放大器的输入端连接到每列积分光电传感器的感测线。根据本发明的积分读出放大器包括具有连接到感测线的反相输入的放大元件。电容器，优选变容二极管，也连接在放大元件的反相输入和输出之间。可以在读出放大器中提供指数反馈元件，用于在高光级下进行信号压缩。读出放大器的输出连接到采样/保持电路。阵列的行一次被选择，并且每行的采样/保持电路的输出被扫描出阵列，而下一行的像素数据被采样。

6. 发明授权

US5097305A Integrating photosensor and imaging system having wide dynamic range 失效
标题翻译：集成光电传感器和成像系统具有广泛的动态范围
公开(公告)号：US5097305A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-17
申请号：US657128
申请日：1991-02-19
申请人： Carver A. Mead , Federico Faggin
发明人： Carver A. Mead , Federico Faggin
IPC分类号： H01L27/146
CPC分类号： H01L27/14681
摘要： An integrating photosensor includes an NPN phototransistor having its collector connected to a source of positive voltage, a P-channel MOS transistor having its gate connected to row-select line, its source connected to the emitter of the phototransistor, and its drain connected to a column sense line. The NPN phototransistor has an intrinsic base-collector capacitance. An integrating sense amplifier according to the present invention includes an amplifying element having an inverting input and a non-inverting input. The non-inverting input is connected to a source of reference voltage the inverting input is connected to a sense line. A P-channel balance transistor is connected between the inverting input and the output of the amplifying element and a capacitor is also connected between the inverting input and output of the amplifying element. An exponential feedback element is connected between the output and the inverting input of the amplifying element. A plurality of integrating photosensors is disposed in an array of rows and columns, with a given row select line connected to the gates of P-channel MOS transistors associated with that given row and a given column sense line connected to the drains of the P-channel MOS transistors associated with that given column.
摘要翻译：积分光电传感器包括其集电极连接到正电压源的NPN光电晶体管，其栅极连接到行选择线的P沟道MOS晶体管，其源极连接到光电晶体管的发射极，其漏极连接到列感觉线。 NPN光电晶体管具有本征的基极 - 集电极电容。根据本发明的积分读出放大器包括具有反相输入和非反相输入的放大元件。反相输入连接到参考电压源，反相输入连接到感测线。 P沟道平衡晶体管连接在反相输入和放大元件的输出之间，电容器也连接在放大元件的反相输入和输出之间。指数反馈元件连接在放大元件的输出和反相输入端之间。多个积分光电传感器被布置成行和列的阵列，其中给定的行选择线连接到与给定行相关联的P沟道MOS晶体管的栅极，以及连接到P沟道的漏极的给定的列感测线，与给定列相关的通道MOS晶体管。

7. 发明授权

US5260592A Integrating photosensor and imaging system having wide dynamic range with varactors 失效
标题翻译：用变容二极管整合具有宽动态范围的光电传感器和成像系统
公开(公告)号：US5260592A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-09
申请号：US760569
申请日：1991-09-16
申请人： Carver A. Mead , Federico Faggin
发明人： Carver A. Mead , Federico Faggin
IPC分类号： H01L27/146 , H01L27/14
CPC分类号： H01L27/14681
摘要： A bipolar phototransistor comprises both an integrating photosensor and a switching element. The base terminal of the bipolar phototransistor is utilized as the switch-control node for the pixel and its emitter is the output node of the integrating photosensor. A plurality of integrating photosensors may be placed in an array of rows and columns, wherein the bases of all bipolar phototransistors in a row are capacitively coupled together to a common row-select line, and the emitters of all bipolar phototransistors in a column are connected together to a column sense line. The input of a sense amplifier is connected to the sense line of each column of integrating photosensors. An integrating sense amplifier according to the present invention includes an amplifying element having an inverting input connected to the sense line. A capacitor, preferably a varactor, is also connected between the inverting input and output of the amplifying element. An exponential feedback element may be provided in the sense amplifiers for signal compression at high light levels.
摘要翻译：双极光电晶体管包括积分光电传感器和开关元件。双极光电晶体管的基极用作像素的开关控制节点，其发射极是积分光电传感器的输出节点。多个积分光电传感器可以放置在行和列的阵列中，其中一行中的所有双极光电晶体管的基极电容耦合到一个共同的行选择线，并且列中的所有双极光电晶体管的发射极被连接一起到列感觉线。读出放大器的输入端连接到每列积分光电传感器的感测线。根据本发明的积分读出放大器包括具有连接到感测线的反相输入的放大元件。电容器，优选变容二极管，也连接在放大元件的反相输入和输出之间。可以在读出放大器中提供指数反馈元件，用于在高光级下进行信号压缩。

8. 发明授权

US5324958A Integrating imaging systgem having wide dynamic range with sample/hold circuits 失效
标题翻译：将具有宽动态范围的成像系统与采样/保持电路集成
公开(公告)号：US5324958A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-28
申请号：US923734
申请日：1992-07-30
申请人： Carver A. Mead , Federico Faggin
发明人： Carver A. Mead , Federico Faggin
IPC分类号： H01L27/146 , H01L27/14
CPC分类号： H01L27/14681
摘要： A bipolar phototransistor comprises both an integrating photosensor and a switching element. The base terminal of the bipolar phototransistor is utilized as the switch-control node for the pixel and its emitter is the output node of the integrating photosensor. A plurality of integrating photosensors may be placed in an array of rows and columns, wherein the bases of all bipolar phototransistors in a row are capacitively coupled together to a common row-select line, and the emitters of all bipolar phototransistors in a column are connected together to a column sense line. The input of a sense amplifier is connected to the sense line of each column of integrating photosensors. An integrating sense amplifier according to the present invention includes an amplifying element having an inverting input connected to the sense line. A capacitor, preferably a varactor, is also connected between the inverting input and output of the amplifying element. An exponential feedback element may be provided in the sense amplifiers for signal compression at high light levels. The outputs of the sense amplifiers are connected to sample/hold circuits. The rows of the array are selected one at a time and the outputs of the sample/hold circuits for each row are scanned out of the array while the pixel data for the next row are sampled.
摘要翻译：双极光电晶体管包括积分光电传感器和开关元件。双极光电晶体管的基极用作像素的开关控制节点，其发射极是积分光电传感器的输出节点。多个积分光电传感器可以放置在行和列的阵列中，其中一行中的所有双极光电晶体管的基极电容耦合到一个共同的行选择线，并且列中的所有双极光电晶体管的发射极被连接一起到列感觉线。读出放大器的输入端连接到每列积分光电传感器的感测线。根据本发明的积分读出放大器包括具有连接到感测线的反相输入的放大元件。电容器，优选变容二极管，也连接在放大元件的反相输入和输出之间。可以在读出放大器中提供指数反馈元件，用于在高光级下进行信号压缩。读出放大器的输出连接到采样/保持电路。阵列的行一次被选择，并且每行的采样/保持电路的输出被扫描出阵列，而下一行的像素数据被采样。

9. 发明授权

US5276407A Sense amplifier 失效
标题翻译：感应放大器
公开(公告)号：US5276407A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-04
申请号：US900917
申请日：1992-06-18
申请人： Carver A. Mead , Federico Faggin
发明人： Carver A. Mead , Federico Faggin
IPC分类号： H01L27/146 , H03F3/08
CPC分类号： H01L27/14681
摘要： A plurality of integrating photosensors is disposed in an array of rows and columns, with a given row select line connected to the gates of P-channel MOS transistors associated with that given row and a given column sense line connected to the drains of the P-channel MOS transistors associated with that given column. A sense amplifier is associated with each column. An integrating sense amplifier according to the present invention includes an amplifying element having an inverting input and a non-inverting input. The non-inverting input is connected to a source of reference voltage the inverting input is connected to a sense line. A P-channel balance transistor is connected between the inverting input and the output of the amplifying element and a capacitor is also connected between the inverting input and output of the amplifying element. A capacitor, preferably a varactor element, is connected between the output and the inverting input of the amplifying element. An exponential feedback element may be provided in the sense amplifiers for signal compression at high light levels.
摘要翻译：多个积分光电传感器被布置成行和列的阵列，其中给定的行选择线连接到与给定行相关联的P沟道MOS晶体管的栅极，以及连接到P沟道的漏极的给定的列感测线，与给定列相关的通道MOS晶体管。读出放大器与每列相关联。根据本发明的积分读出放大器包括具有反相输入和非反相输入的放大元件。反相输入连接到参考电压源，反相输入连接到感测线。 P沟道平衡晶体管连接在反相输入和放大元件的输出之间，电容器也连接在放大元件的反相输入和输出之间。电容器，优选变容二极管元件，连接在放大元件的输出和反相输入端之间。可以在读出放大器中提供指数反馈元件，用于在高光级下进行信号压缩。

10. 发明授权

US5248873A Integrated device for recognition of moving objects 失效
标题翻译：用于识别移动物体的集成装置
公开(公告)号：US5248873A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-28
申请号：US939108
申请日：1992-09-01
申请人： Timothy P. Allen , Federico Faggin
发明人： Timothy P. Allen , Federico Faggin
IPC分类号： G06K9/78
CPC分类号： G06K9/78
摘要： A moving object classifier is integrated onto a single integrated circuit chip and includes a retina comprising a two-dimensional array of photosensors upon which the image of the object of interest is focused. A position classifier receives inputs from the retina and determines where in the retina the image of an object is located. An object classifier receives inputs from the portion of interest of the retina and computes the degree of membership of the image to each class to be classified and determines which class has the largest membership function. A scan controller controlled by the position classifier limits the object classifier data to the portion of the retinal image which contains the object. An interface controller interfaces the other elements on the integrated circuit chip with a microcontroller, which comprises a standard CPU, memory and input/output lines interfacing to the interface controller.
摘要翻译：移动物体分类器被集成到单个集成电路芯片上，并且包括视网膜，其包括感兴趣对象的图像在其上聚焦的光电传感器的二维阵列。位置分类器从视网膜接收输入，并确定视网膜中物体的图像位于何处。对象分类器接收来自视网膜感兴趣部分的输入，并计算图像的隶属度到要分类的每个类，并确定哪个类具有最大的隶属函数。由位置分类器控制的扫描控制器将对象分类器数据限制为包含对象的视网膜图像的部分。接口控制器将集成电路芯片上的其他元件与微控制器接口，微控制器包括与接口控制器接口的标准CPU，存储器和输入/输出线。

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