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1. 发明授权

US06673481B1 Initiating operation of an electric vehicle or other load powered by a fuel cell at sub-freezing temperature 有权
标题翻译：在次冷冻温度下启动由燃料电池供电的电动车辆或其他负载
公开(公告)号：US06673481B1
公开(公告)日：2004-01-06
申请号：US10390439
申请日：2003-03-17
申请人： Carl A. Reiser , Gennady Resnick , Neil A. Popovich
发明人： Carl A. Reiser , Gennady Resnick , Neil A. Popovich
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04223 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457
摘要： A vehicle (150) includes a fuel cell stack (151) started when the stack is below freezing, by connection (158) to the vehicle propulsion system (159) within a few seconds of starting the flow of fuel (179) and oxidant (173), or when open circuit voltage (155, 156) is detected. The fuel is in excess of stochiometry requirement and the oxidant is in excess of at least twice stochiometric requirement, either may be at about atmospheric pressure or at 4 kPa (0.6 psi) or more above the pressure of any water in said water passages, and either may be below freezing. Water transport plates (84, 86, 88, 89) have water passages connected to a water circulation loop (170) including a reservoir (164) having an auxiliary heater (161) connected (160) to the stack. Warming of cell stack materials and ice in the water transport plates, heat of fusion of melting ice, warming of melted water, and evaporative cooling of water melted in the water transport plates keep the fuel cell cool until liquid coolant can be circulated.
摘要翻译：车辆（150）包括当起动燃料（179）和氧化剂（179）的流动的几秒钟内，通过在车辆推进系统（159）上连接（158）而在堆栈低于冰点时启动的燃料电池堆（151） 173），或者当检测到开路电压（155,156）时。燃料超过了化学计量要求，氧化剂超过了至少两次化学计量要求，可能处于大气压或高于所述水通道中任何水的压力的4kPa（0.6psi）或更高，以及可能低于冰点。水输送板（84,86,88,89）具有连接到水循环回路（170）的水通道，水循环回路（170）包括具有与堆叠连接（160）的辅助加热器（161）的储存器（164）。水输送板中的电池堆料和冰的变暖，熔化冰融化的热量，熔融水的升温以及在水输送板中熔化的水的蒸发冷却使得燃料电池冷却直到液体冷却剂可循环。

2. 发明授权

US07282285B2 Method and apparatus for the operation of a cell stack assembly during subfreezing temperatures 失效
标题翻译：在解冻温度期间操作细胞堆叠组件的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07282285B2
公开(公告)日：2007-10-16
申请号：US10473989
申请日：2002-04-05
申请人： Harold T. Couch , Carl A. Reiser , Gennady Resnick , Deliang Yang , Emily A. Dykeman , David A. Condit
发明人： Harold T. Couch , Carl A. Reiser , Gennady Resnick , Deliang Yang , Emily A. Dykeman , David A. Condit
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04253 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04303 , H01M8/2457 , H01M8/2465
摘要： A cell stack assembly (102) coolant system comprises a coolant exhaust conduit (110) in fluid communication with a coolant exhaust manifold (108) and a coolant pump (112). A coolant inlet conduit (120) enables transportation of the coolant to the coolant inlet manifold. The coolant system further includes a bypass conduit (132) in fluid communication with the coolant exhaust manifold and the coolant inlet manifold, while a bleed valve (130) is in fluid communication with the coolant exhaust conduit and a source of gas. Operation of the bleed valve enables venting of the coolant from the coolant channels, and through a shut down conduit (124). An increased pressure differential between the coolant and reactant gases forces water out of the pores in the electrode substrates (107,109). An ejector (250) prevents air form inhibiting the pump. Pulsed air is blown (238,239,243,245) through the coolant channels to remove more water.
摘要翻译：电池堆组件（102）冷却剂系统包括与冷却剂排气歧管（108）和冷却剂泵（112）流体连通的冷却剂排放导管（110）。冷却剂入口管道（120）能够将冷却剂输送到冷却剂入口歧管。冷却剂系统还包括与冷却剂排出歧管和冷却剂入口歧管流体连通的旁通管道（132），而排放阀（130）与冷却剂排放管道和气体源流体连通。泄放阀的操作使冷却剂从冷却剂通道排出，并通过关闭导管（124）。冷却剂和反应气体之间的增加的压差迫使水从电极基板（107,109）中的孔隙中流出。喷射器（250）防止空气形式阻止泵。脉冲空气通过冷却剂通道吹出（238,239,243,245）以除去更多的水。

3. 发明授权

US06824901B2 End-cell thermal distancing for fuel cell system 有权
标题翻译：燃料电池系统的终端热隔离
公开(公告)号：US06824901B2
公开(公告)日：2004-11-30
申请号：US10225527
申请日：2002-08-21
申请人： Carl A. Reiser , Gennady Resnick
发明人： Carl A. Reiser , Gennady Resnick
IPC分类号： H01M802
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/0234 , H01M8/04228 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04303 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/248
摘要： A PEM fuel cell system includes a plurality of PEM fuel cells arranged in a stack having two opposed, outwardly facing end surfaces; pressure plates positioned relative to said end surfaces for securing said PEM fuel cells in said stack; and spacer members between said end surfaces and said pressure plates for thermally insulating said end surfaces from said pressure plates.
摘要翻译： PEM燃料电池系统包括布置在具有两个相对的面向外的端面的堆叠中的多个PEM燃料电池; 相对于所述端面定位的压板，用于将所述PEM燃料电池固定在所述堆叠中; 以及在所述端面和所述压板之间的间隔件，用于将所述端面与所述压板绝热。

4. 发明申请

US20110104582A1 TAILORING LIQUID WATER PERMEABILITY OF DIFFUSION LAYERS IN FUEL CELL STACKS 审中-公开
标题翻译：在燃料电池堆中定量扩散层的渗透性渗透性
公开(公告)号：US20110104582A1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-05
申请号：US12734636
申请日：2008-12-11
申请人： Timothy W. Patterson, JR. , Gennady Resnick , Ryan J. Balliet , Nikunj Gupta , Cynthia A. York , Carl A. Reiser , Robert M. Darling , Jesse M. Marzullo , Jeremy P. Meyers
发明人： Timothy W. Patterson, JR. , Gennady Resnick , Ryan J. Balliet , Nikunj Gupta , Cynthia A. York , Carl A. Reiser , Robert M. Darling , Jesse M. Marzullo , Jeremy P. Meyers
IPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H01M8/24
CPC分类号： H01M8/04253 , H01M8/023 , H01M8/04149 , H01M8/04171 , H01M8/04225 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/04303 , H01M8/241
摘要： A fuel cell stack (31) includes a plurality of fuel cells (9) each having an electrolyte such as a PEM (10), anode and cathode catalyst layers (13, 14), anode and cathode gas diffusion layers (16, 17), and water transport plates (21, 28) adjacent the gas diffusion layers. The cathode diffusion layer of cells near the cathode end (36) of the stack have a high water permeability, such as greater than 3×10−4 g/(Pa s m) at about 80° C. and about 1 atmosphere, whereas the cathode gas diffusion layer in cells near the anode end (35) have water vapor permeance greater than 3×10−4 g/(Pa s m) at about 80° C. and about 1 atmosphere. In one embodiment, the anode gas diffusion layer of cells near the anode end (35) of the stack have a higher liquid water permeability than the anode gas diffusion layer in cells near the cathode end; a second embodiment reverses that relationship.
摘要翻译：燃料电池堆（31）包括多个具有诸如PEM（10），阳极和阴极催化剂层（13,14），阳极和阴极气体扩散层（16,17）的电解质的燃料电池（9）和与气体扩散层相邻的水输送板（21,28）。在堆叠的阴极端（36）附近的电池的阴极扩散层在约80℃和约1个大气压下具有高的透水性，例如大于3×10-4g /（Pa·sm），而在阳极端（35）附近的电池中的阴极气体扩散层在约80℃和约1个大气压下具有大于3×10-4g /（Pa·sm）的水蒸汽渗透性。在一个实施例中，在堆叠的阳极端（35）附近的电池的阳极气体扩散层在靠近阴极端的电池中具有比阳极气体扩散层更高的液体水渗透性; 第二个实施例反转了这种关系。

5. 发明授权

US07771663B2 Catalytic combustors keeping contained medium warm in response to hydrostatic valve 有权
标题翻译：催化燃烧器保持含有介质温度响应静液阀
公开(公告)号：US07771663B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-10
申请号：US11794599
申请日：2005-10-31
申请人： Carl A. Reiser , Kazuo Saito , James Cameron , Gennady Resnick
发明人： Carl A. Reiser , Kazuo Saito , James Cameron , Gennady Resnick
IPC分类号： F01N3/20 , H01M8/04
CPC分类号： F23C13/00 , F23C13/08 , F23C2900/9901 , F23D14/22 , F23D14/32 , F23N2025/18 , F23N2037/12 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04126 , H01M8/2475
摘要： Water in a fuel cell accumulator is kept above freezing by a hydrogen/oxygen catalytic combustor fed hydrogen through a mechanical thermostatic valve in thermal communication with the container and connected to a hydrogen supply. The system includes an ejector hydrogen/oxygen combustor and a diffusion hydrogen/oxygen combustor for warming a medium within a container such as water in the accumulator of a fuel cell in response to a mechanic hydrostatic valve which conducts hydrogen to a combustor responsive to the temperature of the container.
摘要翻译：通过与容器热连通并连接到氢气供应的机械恒温阀将氢气供给氢气/氧气催化燃烧器将燃料电池蓄能器中的水保持在高于冰点。该系统包括喷射器氢气/氧气燃烧器和扩散氢/氧气燃烧器，用于响应于机械静液压阀而对燃料电池的蓄能器内的容器（例如水）中的介质进行加热，所述机械静液阀根据温度将氢气传导到燃烧器的容器。

6. 发明申请

US20090280036A1 Catalytic combustors keeping contained medium warm in response to hydrostatic valve 有权
标题翻译：催化燃烧器保持含有介质温度响应静液阀
公开(公告)号：US20090280036A1
公开(公告)日：2009-11-12
申请号：US11794599
申请日：2005-10-31
申请人： Carl A. Reiser , Kazuo Saito , James Cameron , Gennady Resnick
发明人： Carl A. Reiser , Kazuo Saito , James Cameron , Gennady Resnick
IPC分类号： B01J19/00
CPC分类号： F23C13/00 , F23C13/08 , F23C2900/9901 , F23D14/22 , F23D14/32 , F23N2025/18 , F23N2037/12 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04126 , H01M8/2475
摘要： Water (9) in a fuel cell accumulator (10) is kept above freezing by a hydrogen/oxygen catalytic combustor (13) fed hydrogen through a mechanical thermostatic valve (25) in thermal communication (26) with the container (10) or the air nearby, and connected to hydrogen (28), optionally in series with a timer valve (183). The combustor may comprise an ejector (32) having hydrogen through its primary inlet (31) drawing air through a secondary inlet (33), or a diffusion combustor having a catalyst (38), including TEFLON® to permit water generated by combustion to flow by gravity out of the catalyst, spaced from a heating surface (30), and a diffusion control device (40); low partial pressure of oxygen at the catalyst causing diffusion through the device. Combustion vapor condenses on a surface (146) and is led by hydrophilic woven carbon paper (126) and wicking material (133) downwardly, through a disk (140) and plugs (147) either to ambient to a salt canister (190), or to a porous hydrophilic mixer (200) for mixture with antifreeze (206).
摘要翻译：燃料电池蓄能器（10）中的水（9）通过氢气/氧气催化燃烧器（13）保持高于通过与容器（10）热交换的机械恒温阀（25）或氢气空气附近，并连接到氢（28），任选地与定时阀（183）串联。燃烧器可以包括具有通过其主入口（31）的氢气的喷射器（32），其通过次级入口（33）抽吸空气，或者具有催化剂（38）的扩散燃烧器，包括TEFLON以允许由燃烧产生的水通过重力流出催化剂，与加热表面（30）间隔开;以及扩散控制装置（40）; 在催化剂下氧的低分压导致通过该装置的扩散。燃烧蒸气在表面（146）上冷凝，并且由亲水性编织碳纸（126）和芯吸材料（133）向下引导通过盘（140）和塞子（147）到环境到盐罐（190），或与用于与防冻剂（206）混合的多孔亲水混合器（200）。

7. 发明授权

US07410619B2 Catalytic combustors keeping contained medium warm in response to hydrostatic valve 有权
标题翻译：催化燃烧器保持含有介质温度响应静液阀
公开(公告)号：US07410619B2
公开(公告)日：2008-08-12
申请号：US11027333
申请日：2004-12-29
申请人： Carl A. Reiser , Kazuo Saito , James Cameron , Gennady Resnick
发明人： Carl A. Reiser , Kazuo Saito , James Cameron , Gennady Resnick
IPC分类号： F01N3/20 , H01M8/04
CPC分类号： F23C13/00 , F23C13/08 , F23C2900/9901 , F23D14/22 , F23D14/32 , F23N2025/18 , F23N2037/12 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04126 , H01M8/2475
摘要： The medium (9), such as water, of a container (10), such as a fuel cell accumulator, is kept above freezing by a hydrogen/oxygen catalytic combustor (13) fed hydrogen from a source comprising a mechanical thermostatic valve (25) in thermal communication (26) with the container (10) and connected to a hydrogen supply (28). The combustor may comprise an ejector (32) having hydrogen through its primary inlet (31) drawing air through a secondary inlet (33). The combustor may comprise a diffusion combustor having a catalyst (38) spaced from a heating surface (30) and a diffusion control plate (40) low partial pressure of oxygen at the catalyst causing diffusion through the barrier. Water vapor from combustion condenses on a surface (146) and is led by hydrophilic woven carbon paper (126) to wicking material (133), which has smaller pores than the carbon paper, which leads the water downwardly, through a disk (140) and plugs (147) to atmospheric air. The noble metal catalyst mixture includes TEFLON® to permit water generated by combustion to flow by gravity out of the catalyst.
摘要翻译：诸如燃料电池蓄能器的容器（10）等介质（如水）通过氢气/氧气催化燃烧器（13）保持在高于冰的位置，氢气/氧气催化燃烧器（13）从包含机械恒温阀（25 ）与容器（10）热连通（26）并连接到氢气供应（28）。燃烧器可以包括通过其主入口（31）具有氢气的喷射器（32），空气通过次级入口（33）抽吸空气。燃烧器可以包括具有与加热表面（30）间隔开的催化剂（38）和扩散控制板（40）的扩散燃烧器，催化剂上的低氧分压导致通过阻挡层的扩散。来自燃烧的水蒸汽在表面（146）上冷凝并由亲水性编织碳纸（126）引导到芯吸材料（133），其具有比碳纸更小的孔，其通过盘（140）向下引导水，并将塞子（147）连接到大气中。贵金属催化剂混合物包括使燃烧产生的水通过重力流出催化剂的TEFLON。

8. 发明授权

US07056609B2 System and method for starting a fuel cell stack assembly at sub-freezing temperature 有权
标题翻译：在亚冷冻温度下启动燃料电池堆组件的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07056609B2
公开(公告)日：2006-06-06
申请号：US10396894
申请日：2003-03-25
申请人： Carl A. Reiser , Gennady Resnick
发明人： Carl A. Reiser , Gennady Resnick
IPC分类号： H01M8/00 , H01M2/00
CPC分类号： H01M8/04253 , H01M8/0202 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04225 , H01M8/04268 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/241
摘要： A method for operating a fuel cell stack assembly having a plurality of fuel cells arranged in a stack to define opposed end fuel cells, wherein the plurality of fuel cells include intermediate fuel cells between the opposed end fuel cells, including feeding fuel and oxidant to the intermediate fuel cells whereby the at least one end fuel cell transports hydrogen across the cell and produces heat.
摘要翻译：一种用于操作燃料电池堆组件的方法，所述燃料电池堆组件具有布置在堆叠中的多个燃料电池，以限定相对的端部燃料电池，其中所述多个燃料电池包括在相对的末端燃料电池之间的中间燃料电池，包括将燃料和氧化剂供给到中间燃料电池，由此至少一个末端燃料电池将氢气输送通过电池并产生热量。

9. 发明授权

US06864000B2 Shutdown procedure to improve startup at sub-freezing temperatures 有权
标题翻译：关闭程序，以提高低温启动
公开(公告)号：US06864000B2
公开(公告)日：2005-03-08
申请号：US10186501
申请日：2002-06-28
申请人： Gennady Resnick , Carl A. Reiser
发明人： Gennady Resnick , Carl A. Reiser
IPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H01M8/00 , H01M8/12
CPC分类号： H01M8/04303 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/241
摘要： A method for shutting down a fuel cell system including a plurality of fuel cells arranged in a stack, includes cooling the fuel cells to a shutdown temperature while maintaining a substantially uniform water vapor pressure through the fuel cells whereby migration of water within the fuel cells during cooling is reduced.
摘要翻译：一种用于关闭燃料电池系统的方法，其包括以堆叠方式布置的多个燃料电池，包括将燃料电池冷却至关闭温度，同时保持通过燃料电池的基本上均匀的水蒸气压，由此在燃料电池内的水的迁移冷却降低。

10. 发明授权

US08507137B2 Separator plate configuration for a fuel cell 有权
标题翻译：燃料电池分离板配置
公开(公告)号：US08507137B2
公开(公告)日：2013-08-13
申请号：US12922724
申请日：2008-04-23
申请人： Glenn Michael Allen , Gennady Resnick
发明人： Glenn Michael Allen , Gennady Resnick
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/0204 , H01M8/023 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04104 , H01M8/04119
摘要： A fuel cell includes a membrane electrode assembly comprised of a membrane sandwiched between anode and cathode catalyst structures. An anode separator plate and a cathode separator plate are arranged adjacent to the membrane electrode assembly opposite from one another. The anode and cathode separator plates include opposing sides in which one of the opposing sides of the anode and cathode respectively have fuel and oxidant flow fields in communication with the membrane. The anode separator plate is a structure having a first water permeability and is configured to permit passage of water between its opposing sides and with its flow field, and the cathode separator plate comprises a structure having a second water permeability less than the first water permeability of the anode separator plate. In one example, the anode is provided by a porous separator plate, and the cathode is provided by a non-porous, or solid, plate.
摘要翻译：燃料电池包括由夹在阳极和阴极催化剂结构之间的膜构成的膜电极组件。阳极隔板和阴极隔板相邻地布置在膜电极组件的附近。阳极和阴极隔板包括相对的侧面，阳极和阴极的相对侧中的一个分别具有与膜连通的燃料和氧化剂流场。阳极隔板是具有第一透水性的结构，其构造成允许水在其相对侧和其流场之间通过，并且阴极隔板包括具有小于第一透水性的第二透水性的结构阳极隔板。在一个实例中，阳极由多孔隔板提供，阴极由无孔或固体板提供。

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