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1. 发明授权

US4306942A Hydrous alcohol distillation method and apparatus 失效
标题翻译：乙醇精馏方法及装置
公开(公告)号：US4306942A
公开(公告)日：1981-12-22
申请号：US163930
申请日：1980-06-27
申请人： Burke F. Brush , Raphael Katzen
发明人： Burke F. Brush , Raphael Katzen
IPC分类号： B01D3/00 , B01D3/14 , B01D3/32 , C07C29/80 , C07C31/08
CPC分类号： B01D3/322 , B01D3/001 , B01D3/146 , C07C29/80 , Y02P20/57 , Y10S203/09 , Y10S203/14 , Y10S203/20
摘要： An improved distillation method and apparatus are provided for recovering hydrous ethanol from fermentation or synthetic feedstocks. Substantial energy savings are realized by utilizing a pair of stripper-rectifier towers in which overhead vapors from one tower operating at a higher pressure supply the heat required for the other tower operating at a lower pressure and by preheating the feedstock in multiple heat exchange steps. The feedstock is split into two portions of unequal size, the larger portion being supplied to the higher pressure tower and the smaller portion to the lower pressure tower.
摘要翻译：提供了一种改进的蒸馏方法和装置，用于从发酵或合成原料回收含水乙醇。通过利用一对汽提塔整流塔来实现大量节能，其中来自一个塔的塔顶蒸气在较高压力下运行，提供另一个塔在较低压力下运行所需的热量，并通过多个热交换步骤预热原料。原料被分成两部分不同大小的部分，较大的部分被供应到较高压塔，较小的部分被供应到较低压塔。

2. 发明授权

US5788812A Method of recovering furfural from organic pulping liquor 失效
标题翻译：从有机制浆液中回收糠醛的方法
公开(公告)号：US5788812A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-04
申请号：US488306
申请日：1995-06-07
申请人： Richard C. Agar , Jairo H. Lora , Malcolm Cronlund , Chih Fae Wu , Gopal C. Goyal , Stephen R. Winner , Mikhail N. Raskin , Raphael Katzen , Ron LeBlanc
发明人： Richard C. Agar , Jairo H. Lora , Malcolm Cronlund , Chih Fae Wu , Gopal C. Goyal , Stephen R. Winner , Mikhail N. Raskin , Raphael Katzen , Ron LeBlanc
IPC分类号： C07D307/50 , D21C3/20 , D21C11/00
CPC分类号： D21C3/20 , C07D307/50 , D21C11/0007
摘要： This invention provides for the recovery of lignin and other by-products from the pulping of fibrous plant material. In accordance with this invention, solvents and filtrates are recovered and recycled for reuse. This results in significant solvent and energy savings. Filtrates from the bleaching and delignification of the pulp are recycled for reuse in pulping, separation, and recovery of lignin and other by-products which results in significant energy savings and mitigation if not the elimination of pollution typically associated with bleaching. This invention also relates to products derived from the process and apparatus for carrying out the process. Lignins of various molecular weights and by-products of the pulping process are also recovered. The lignins are precipitated in high yields and at a high rate from a black liquor produced by pulping wood at high temperature and pressures. As a by-product of this process a purified furfural product is recovered. This furfural may be recycled for use in the recovery of the low molecular weight lignin of this process.
摘要翻译：本发明提供从纤维植物材料的制浆中回收木质素和其它副产物。根据本发明，回收溶剂和滤液并循环再利用。这导致显着的溶剂和能量节省。来自纸浆漂白和脱木质素的滤液被再循环用于制浆，分离和回收木质素和其它副产物，如果不消除通常与漂白相关的污染，则可以显着节能和减轻。本发明还涉及从用于实施该方法的方法和装置得到的产物。各种分子量的木质素和制浆过程的副产物也被回收。木质素以高产率和高速率从由高温和高压制浆木浆产生的黑液中沉淀出来。作为该方法的副产物，回收了纯化的糠醛产物。该糠醛可以再循环用于回收该方法的低分子量木质素。

3. 发明授权

US4217178A Distillation system for motor fuel grade anhydrous alcohol 失效
标题翻译：汽油燃油级无水酒精蒸馏系统
公开(公告)号：US4217178A
公开(公告)日：1980-08-12
申请号：US958533
申请日：1978-11-07
申请人： Raphael Katzen , George D. Moon, Jr. , Jimmy D. Kumana
发明人： Raphael Katzen , George D. Moon, Jr. , Jimmy D. Kumana
IPC分类号： B01D3/00 , B01D3/14 , B01D3/32 , B01D3/36
CPC分类号： B01D3/322 , B01D3/005 , B01D3/143 , Y10S203/14
摘要： An improved distillation method is provided for obtaining motor fuel grade anhydrous ethanol from fermentation or synthetic feedstocks. A three tower system is used comprising a stripper-rectifier tower in which the dilute feedstock is converted to a concentrated ethanol stream, a dehydrating tower in which water is removed from the concentrated ethanol stream by azeotropic distillation, and a stripper tower for recovering the azeotropic agent. The invention effects substantial energy savings by utilizing the heat content of the overhead vapors from the stripper-rectifier tower to supply the heat required for the dehydrating and stripper towers and by preheating the feedstock in stages utilizing the heat content of the overhead vapors from the dehydrating and stripper towers, the heat content of the overhead vapors from the stripper-rectifier tower and the heat content of the bottoms from the stripper-rectifier tower. Provision is also made for separately removing lower boiling and higher boiling impurities from the stripper-rectifier tower which may be blended into the anhydrous ethanol product from the dehydrating tower.
摘要翻译：提供了一种改进的蒸馏方法，用于从发酵或合成原料获得汽油燃料级无水乙醇。使用三塔系统，其包括汽提塔 - 整流塔，其中稀释原料转化为浓缩乙醇料流，通过共沸蒸馏从浓缩的乙醇料流中除去水的脱水塔，以及用于回收共沸的汽提塔代理商本发明通过利用来自汽提塔整流塔的塔顶蒸气的热含量来提供脱水和汽提塔所需的热量，并且通过使塔顶蒸气的热含量从脱水和汽提塔，来自汽提塔整流塔的塔顶蒸气的热含量和来自汽提塔整流塔的塔底的热含量。还规定了从脱水塔中单独除去低沸点和高沸点杂质，其可以从脱水塔中混合到无水乙醇产物中。

4. 发明授权

US4764596A Recovery of lignin 失效
标题翻译：回收木质素
公开(公告)号：US4764596A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-16
申请号：US940460
申请日：1986-12-11
申请人： Jairo H. Lora , Raphael Katzen , Malcolm Cronlund , Chih F. Wu
发明人： Jairo H. Lora , Raphael Katzen , Malcolm Cronlund , Chih F. Wu
IPC分类号： C07D307/50 , D21C11/00 , C07G1/00 , D21C3/20
CPC分类号： C08H6/00 , C07D307/50 , D21C11/0007 , D21C11/0042
摘要： Lignin is precipitated in high yields and at high rates from a black liquor produced by pulping wood at high temperatures and pressures with an aqueous lower aliphatic alcohol solvent. The lignin is precipitated by diluting the black liquor with water and an acid to form a solution with a pH of less than about 3, an alcohol content of less than about 30% by volume and a temperature of less than about 75.degree. C. The precipitated lignin, when subsequently dried, is in the form of a powder which requires little or no crushing to convert it into a fine uniform size suitable for use without further significant processing.
摘要翻译：木质素以高产率和高速率从由高温和高压的木浆制成的黑液以低级脂族醇溶剂水溶液沉淀。通过用水和酸稀释黑液来沉淀木质素，形成pH小于约3，醇含量小于约30体积％，小于约75℃的溶液。当随后干燥时，沉淀的木质素是粉末形式，其需要很少或不破碎以将其转化成适合使用的细微均匀尺寸而不进一步显着加工。

5. 发明授权

US3957951A Process for removing contaminants from hot waste gas streams 失效
标题翻译：从热废气流中除去污染物的工艺
公开(公告)号：US3957951A
公开(公告)日：1976-05-18
申请号：US499837
申请日：1974-08-23
申请人： Allan E. Hokanson , Raphael Katzen , Edward F. Button
发明人： Allan E. Hokanson , Raphael Katzen , Edward F. Button
IPC分类号： B01D53/22 , B01D53/50 , B01D53/77 , C01B17/60 , C01C1/22 , C01B17/00
CPC分类号： C01C1/22 , B01D53/501
摘要： A process for removing sulfur dioxide and other contaminants from a hot waste gas stream in which the waste gas stream is cooled to a temperature below 100.degree.F and then passed in sequence through two separate absorption zones utilizing as the absorbent a recirculated aqueous solution of ammonium sulfite-bisulfite salts. Heat is continuously withdrawn from the recirculated salt solution in each zone. The absorbent solution in the first zone has an initial pH of from 6 to 7.2 and a salt concentration of from 1 to 20% by weight. The absorbent solution in the second zone has an initial pH of from 5.2 to 6.5 and a salt concentration, lower than said first zone of, from 0.1 to 5% by weight. The process provides for the efficient absorption and substantial removal of SO.sub.2, SO.sub.3 and particulate contaminants and for the economic recovery and use of heat from stack gases of a variety of industrial and commercial operations.
摘要翻译：一种从热废气流中除去二氧化硫和其他污染物的方法，其中将废气流冷却至低于100°F的温度，然后依次通过两个单独的吸收区，作为吸收剂，再循环的铵水溶液亚硫酸盐 - 亚硫酸氢盐。在每个区域中从再循环的盐溶液中连续排出热量。第一区中的吸收剂溶液的初始pH为6至7.2，盐浓度为1至20重量％。第二区域中的吸收剂溶液的初始pH为5.2至6.5，盐浓度低于所述第一区域的0.1至5重量％。该过程提供了SO2，SO3和颗粒污染物的有效吸收和实质性去除，以及经济回收和使用来自各种工业和商业操作的烟道气体的热量。

6. 发明授权

US4248842A Removal of contaminants and recovery of by-products from hot waste gas stream 失效
标题翻译：去除污染物和从热废气流中回收副产物
公开(公告)号：US4248842A
公开(公告)日：1981-02-03
申请号：US17388
申请日：1979-03-05
申请人： Kurt F. Kaupisch , Douglas W. Bennett , Raphael Katzen
发明人： Kurt F. Kaupisch , Douglas W. Bennett , Raphael Katzen
IPC分类号： B01D53/50 , B01D53/77 , C01C1/22 , C01C1/24 , C01C1/242 , C01B17/00
CPC分类号： C01C1/22 , B01D53/501 , C01C1/242 , Y02P20/129
摘要： A process for the removal of sulfur dioxide and other contaminants and the recovery of ammonium sulfate as a by-product from a hot waste gas stream comprising cooling the waste gas stream to a temperature below 120.degree. F., passing said waste gas stream in sequence through at least two separate absorption zones utilizing as an absorbent a recirculated aqueous salt solution of ammonium sulfite-bisulfite, withdrawing and oxidizing a portion of said aqueous ammonium sulfite-bisulfite salt solution under pressures and temperatures sufficient to substantially convert the salts to sulfate salts, and recycling the ammonia and sulfur dioxide vapors liberated during oxidation to the first absorption zone.
摘要翻译：一种除去二氧化硫和其他污染物的方法以及从热废气流中回收作为副产物的硫酸铵，其包括将废气流冷却至低于120°F的温度，按顺序使所述废气流通过至少两个单独的吸收区域，其利用作为吸收剂的亚硫酸氢亚硫酸氢铵的再循环盐水溶液，在足以将盐基本上转化为硫酸盐的压力和温度下抽出和氧化所述亚硫酸氢亚铵盐 - 亚硫酸氢盐水溶液的一部分，以及将在氧化期间释放的氨和二氧化硫蒸气循环到第一吸收区。

7. 发明授权

US3990952A Alcohol distillation process 失效
标题翻译：酒精蒸馏过程
公开(公告)号：US3990952A
公开(公告)日：1976-11-09
申请号：US513763
申请日：1974-10-10
申请人： Raphael Katzen , Vincent B. Diebold
发明人： Raphael Katzen , Vincent B. Diebold
IPC分类号： C07C27/00 , C07C29/80 , C07C29/82 , C07C29/84 , C07C31/02 , C07C67/00 , C07C29/24 , B01D3/34
CPC分类号： C07C29/80 , C07C29/82 , C07C29/84
摘要： A crude alcohol-containing mixture comprising a saturated aliphatic alcohol of not more than three carbon atoms and associated impurities is processed in a three-tower distillation system to permit recovery of the desired alcohol product in highly concentrated and purified form. In the first tower the crude feed is subjected to extractive distillation with water to remove substantially all the impurities overhead. An aqueous bottoms stream from the first tower containing 5 to 10 wt.% alcohol and only minor amount of impurities is fed to the second tower where the alcohol product is concentrated and recovered. Overhead and intermediate purge streams containing low boiling and hgh boiling impurities are removed from the second tower and are fed to the third tower along with the overhead from the first tower. Stripped aqueous effluent is withdrawn from the bottom of the second tower and is recycled in part to the first tower. An aqueous alkali solution is introduced into the second tower and regulated so that the concentration of alkali in the stripped aqueous effluent from the bottom of the tower is from about 0.10 to about 0.24 gram per liter. The impurities are recovered as by-products from the third tower, and an alcohol stream is recycled from the third tower to the first tower.
摘要翻译：含有不超过三个碳原子的饱和脂肪醇和相关杂质的含粗酒精的混合物在三塔蒸馏系统中进行处理以允许高度浓缩和纯化形式回收所需的醇产物。在第一塔中，将粗饲料用水进行萃取蒸馏以基本上除去顶部的所有杂质。含有5至10重量％醇和仅少量杂质的第一塔的水性底部物流进料至第二塔，其中酒精产物被浓缩和回收。含有低沸点和高沸点杂质的间接和中间吹扫流从第二塔中被除去，并与第一塔的塔顶一起进料到第三塔。剥离的含水流出物从第二塔的底部排出并且部分地再循环到第一塔。将碱性水溶液引入第二塔中并进行调节，使得来自塔底的汽提的含水流出物中的碱浓度为约0.10至约0.24克/升。杂质作为副产物从第三塔回收，醇流从第三塔再循环到第一塔。

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