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1. 发明授权

US4596606A Method of making CG iron 失效
标题翻译：制作CG铁的方法
公开(公告)号：US4596606A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-24
申请号：US647333
申请日：1984-09-04
申请人： Bela V. Kovacs , Roman M. Nowicki
发明人： Bela V. Kovacs , Roman M. Nowicki
IPC分类号： C22C37/04 , B21B1/22 , B21B1/36 , C21C1/10 , C21D5/00 , C21D5/02 , C21D8/02 , C22C33/00 , C22C33/08 , C22C33/10 , C22C37/00
CPC分类号： C22C33/10 , B21B1/22 , C21D5/02 , C21D8/0236 , C22C33/00 , C22C33/08 , B21B1/36 , B21B2261/22 , B21B2265/14 , C21D8/0257 , C21D8/0268
摘要： A method is disclosed for making compacted graphite cast iron of improved strength and hardness while retaining excellent thermal conductivity, low shrinkage, and excellent damping characteristics. A ferrous alloy is melted consisting essentially of, by weight, 3-4% C, 2-3% Si, 0.2-0.7% Mn, 0.25-0.4 Mo, 0.5-3.0% Ni, up to 0.002% sulfur, up to 0.02% phosphorus, and impurities or contaminants up to 1.0%, with the remainder being essentially iron. The melt is subjected to a graphite modifying agent to form compacted graphite upon solidification. The solidified casting is heat treated by austempering and quenching to produce an iron having a matrix of bainite and austenite.
摘要翻译：公开了一种制造压缩石墨铸铁的方法，其具有改进的强度和硬度，同时保持优异的导热性，低收缩率和优异的阻尼特性。一种铁合金基本上由重量比为3-4％C，2-3％Si，0.2-0.7％Mn，0.25-0.4Mo，0.5-3.0％Ni，至多0.002％硫，至多0.02％％磷，高达1.0％的杂质或污染物，其余部分基本上是铁。熔融物经历石墨改性剂以在固化时形成压实的石墨。通过奥氏体淬火和淬火对固化的铸件进行热处理，以生产具有贝氏体和奥氏体的基体的铁。

2. 发明授权

US4484953A Method of making ductile cast iron with improved strength 失效
标题翻译：制造具有改善强度的球墨铸铁的方法
公开(公告)号：US4484953A
公开(公告)日：1984-11-27
申请号：US474655
申请日：1983-01-24
申请人： Bela V. Kovacs , Roman M. Nowicki , Charles A. Stickels
发明人： Bela V. Kovacs , Roman M. Nowicki , Charles A. Stickels
IPC分类号： C22C37/04 , C21D5/00 , C22C37/10
CPC分类号： C22C37/04
摘要： A method of making ductile cast iron with a matrix of acicular ferrite and bainite is disclosed. A melt by weight of 3.0-3.6% carbon, 3.5-5.0% silicon, 0.7-5.0% nickel, 0-0.3% Mo, >0.015% S, >0.06% P (remainder Fe) is subjected to a nodularizing agent and solidified. The iron is then heat treated by heating to 1575.degree.-1650.degree. F. for 1-3 hours, quenched to 400.degree.-775.degree. F. at a rate of at least 275.degree. F./min., held for 0.5-4 hours, and cooled to room temperature. The resulting ductile iron exhibits a yield strength of at least 80 ksi, a tensile strength of at least 140 ksi, elongation of at least 6%, and a hardness of at least 270 BHN.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US83 / 00114 Sec。 371日期1983年1月24日 102（e）日期1983年1月24日PCT提交1983年1月24日PCT公布。第WO84 / 02925号公报日本1984年8月2日。公开了一种制备具有针状铁素体和贝氏体基体的球墨铸铁的方法。将3.0-3.6％的碳，3.5-5.0％的硅，0.7-5.0％的镍，0-0.3％的Mo，> 0.015％的S，> 0.06％的P（余量为Fe）的熔体以一种结核剂的形式进行固化。然后将铁加热至1575°-1650°F 1-3小时，以至少275°F /分钟的速度淬火至400°-775°F，保持0.5-4 小时，并冷却至室温。得到的球墨铸铁的屈服强度至少为80ksi，拉伸强度至少为140ksi，伸长率至少为6％，硬度至少为270 BHN。

3. 发明授权

US4475956A Method of making high strength ferritic ductile iron parts 失效
标题翻译：制造高强度铁素体球墨铸铁件的方法
公开(公告)号：US4475956A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-09
申请号：US475679
申请日：1983-01-24
申请人： Bela V. Kovacs , Roman M. Nowicki , Charles A. Stickels
发明人： Bela V. Kovacs , Roman M. Nowicki , Charles A. Stickels
IPC分类号： C21C1/10 , C21D5/00 , C22C37/04 , C22C37/10 , C21D5/14
CPC分类号： C22C37/04
摘要： A method of strengthening ferritic ductile iron castings while maintaining ductility at a high level is disclosed. An iron alloy melt is cast consisting essentially of by weight 3.9-6.0% Si, 3.0-3.5% C, 0.1-0.3% Mn, 0-0.35% Mo, at least 1.25% Ni, no greater than 0.015% S and 0.6% P, the remainder Fe, the melt having been subjected to a nodularizing agent to form graphite nodules upon solidification. The cast alloy is heat treated to provide a fully ferritic microstructure with 9-14% by volume graphite, a yield strength of at least 75,000 psi, a tensile strength of at least 95,000 psi, and an elongation of at least 17%.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US83 / 00113 Sec。 371日期1983年1月24日 102（e）1983年1月24日PCT 1983年1月24日PCT。一种在保持延展性高水平的同时加强铁素体球墨铸铁铸件的方法。铸铁合金熔体主要由3.9-6.0％Si，3.0-3.5％C，0.1-0.3％Mn，0-0.35％Mo，至少1.25％Ni，不大于0.015％S和0.6％ P，剩余的Fe，熔融物在固化后已经经过结核剂形成石墨结节。铸造合金被热处理以提供具有9-14体积％石墨的完全铁素体显微组织，屈服强度至少为75,000psi，拉伸强度为至少95,000psi，伸长率为至少17％。

4. 发明授权

US4666533A Hardenable cast iron and the method of making cast iron 失效
标题翻译：硬质铸铁和铸铁的制造方法
公开(公告)号：US4666533A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-19
申请号：US772818
申请日：1985-09-05
申请人： Bela V. Kovacs , Roman M. Nowicki
发明人： Bela V. Kovacs , Roman M. Nowicki
IPC分类号： C21C1/10 , C21D5/00 , C21D7/04 , C22C37/04 , C21D1/00
CPC分类号： C21D7/04 , C21D5/00
摘要： A method is disclosed for forming a surface hardenable cast iron article by development of metastable retained austenite in the cell boundary of a ductile or semiductile cast iron. The method comprises (a) controlling the solidification of a cast iron melt to extend the eutectic arrest time to 4-12 minutes, the melt having by weight percent a carbon equivalent (carbon plus one-third silicon) equal to 4.3-5.0, manganese 0.55-1.2, nickel 0.5-3.0, and the remainder essentially iron, the melt having been treated to form cell boundaries in the solidified iron with a high proportion of the manganese being segregated in the cell boundaries; (b) subjecting the solidified cast iron to an austempering heat treatment to permit the segregated manganese in the cell boundaries to form metastable retained austenite; and (c) terminating the heat treatment prior to the conversion of the metastable austenite to a stable microstructure. To obtain the benefits of wear resistance, the method further comprises using the heat treated cast iron by stressing a surface region thereof and transforming the microstructure of such surface region to martensite.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于通过在延性或半球墨铸铁的电池边界中开发亚稳残余奥氏体来形成表面可硬化铸铁制品的方法。该方法包括：（a）控制铸铁熔体的凝固以将共晶停止时间延长至4-12分钟，熔体具有等于4.3-5.0的碳当量（碳加上三分之一的硅）的重量百分比，锰 0.55-1.2，镍0.5-3.0，其余基本上是铁，熔体已经被处理以在固化铁中形成细胞边界，其中高比例的锰被分离在细胞边界中; （b）使固化的铸铁进行奥氏体淬火热处理，以允许细胞边界中的分离的锰形成亚稳态残余奥氏体; 和（c）在将亚稳态奥氏体转变成稳定的微结构之前终止热处理。为了获得耐磨性的优点，该方法还包括使用经热处理的铸铁，通过对其表面区域进行应力并将该表面区域的微结构转变为马氏体。

5. 发明授权

US4053146A Continuous stream treatment of ductile iron 失效
标题翻译：连续钢管连续处理
公开(公告)号：US4053146A
公开(公告)日：1977-10-11
申请号：US742025
申请日：1976-11-15
申请人： Herschel B. Smartt , Bela V. Kovacs
发明人： Herschel B. Smartt , Bela V. Kovacs
IPC分类号： C21C1/00 , C21C1/10 , C21C7/00
CPC分类号： C21C1/10 , C21C1/00 , C21C7/0068
摘要： A method and apparatus for continuously stream treating molten metal is disclosed. A controlled vortex flow of the molten metal is stimulated and a stream of particulate treating agent, such as magnesium ferrosilicon, or pure magnesium mixed with other ferro alloys, is directed onto a predetermined zone of the vortical flow. A stream choke is employed downstream of the vortex flow to control dwell time of the flow in the vortex and to regulate downstream mixing. This method increases magnesium recovery, provides flexibility to change charge weights, eliminates residue in treating apparatus, and promotes dissolution of the treating agent within a desired zone.

6. 发明授权

US4028099A Continuous stream - inclined trough treatment of ductile iron 失效
标题翻译：连续流 - 倾斜槽处理球墨铸铁
公开(公告)号：US4028099A
公开(公告)日：1977-06-07
申请号：US569029
申请日：1975-04-17
申请人： Gerald S. Cole , Bela V. Kovacs , Robert A. Sensoli , Herschel B. Smartt
发明人： Gerald S. Cole , Bela V. Kovacs , Robert A. Sensoli , Herschel B. Smartt
IPC分类号： B22D1/00 , C21C1/10 , C22C33/00 , C22C33/08
CPC分类号： C21C1/10 , C22C33/00
摘要： A method and apparatus for producing modified grey iron, and particularly nodular cast iron, is disclosed. The apparatus comprises refractory elements including an inclined flow course for continuous reception of molten grey iron, a V-shaped inclined receptacle interposed in said course into which a predetermined supply of modifying agent, such as magnesium, is injected to react with said iron, and means for controlling the egress of iron from the receptacle in order to sequentially stage the build-up and dissipation of a pool of iron in said receptacle facilitating chemical reactions and thorough mixing for attaining and improving the homogeneity of the modified iron elements. The product and compositon uniquely is characterized by about 3.5 carbon, by weight, 2.5% silicon, 0.2-0.9% Mn sulfur no greater than 0.015%, the remainder being essentially iron; the composition is devoid of carbide and dross or slag and has a graphite nodule count of at least 400 per square millimeter in a 1/2 inch section.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于生产改性灰铁，特别是球墨铸铁的方法和设备。该装置包括耐火元件，其包括用于连续接收熔融灰色铁的倾斜流动路径;插入在所述过程中的V形倾斜容器，向其中注入预定供应的改性剂例如镁以与所述铁反应，以及用于控制从容器排出铁的装置，以便顺序地在所述容器中堆积和耗散铁池，促进化学反应和充分混合，以获得和改善改性铁元素的均匀性。产品和组合物的特征在于约3.5碳，重量比，2.5％硅，0.2-0.9％Mn硫不大于0.015％，其余基本上是铁; 该组合物没有碳化物和浮渣或渣，并且在1/2英寸截面中具有至少400每平方毫米的石墨结核计数。

7. 发明授权

US5064478A Method and apparatus for surface austempering of cast iron parts 失效
标题翻译：铸铁零件表面奥氏体回火的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5064478A
公开(公告)日：1991-11-12
申请号：US444994
申请日：1989-12-04
申请人： Bela V. Kovacs , John R. Keough , Douglas M. Pramstaller
发明人： Bela V. Kovacs , John R. Keough , Douglas M. Pramstaller
IPC分类号： C21D1/44 , C21D5/00
CPC分类号： C21D5/00 , C21D1/44 , Y10S420/902
摘要： A method for producing a selectively surface hardened cast iron part includes uniformly heating the surface of the part by immersion into a molten metallic bath until a desired thickness of surface austenite is produced, and thereafter quenching the heated cast iron part in a liquid quenching bath which is maintained at a temperature of between about 450.degree. to about 800.degree. F. for about 10 minutes to about 4 hours. The resultant selectively surface hardened cast iron part is surface hardened with the bulk of the body of the part remaining untempered. An apparatus for performing this process includes a molten metal bath chamber for containing the molten metal and a molten salt bath quenching chamber for quenching the cast iron parts with a conveyor means extending between the molten metal bath and the molten salt bath chambers. A second conveyor means removes the parts from the molten salt bath chamber.
摘要翻译：用于制造选择性表面硬化的铸铁部件的方法包括通过浸入熔融金属浴中均匀地加热部件的表面，直到产生所需的表面奥氏体厚度，然后在加热的铸铁部件中淬火在液体淬火槽中保持在约450至约800°F的温度下约10分钟至约4小时。所得到的选择性表面硬化的铸铁部件被表面硬化，部件的主体的大部分未被保护。用于进行该处理的装置包括用于容纳熔融金属的熔融金属浴室和用于在熔融金属浴和熔融盐浴室之间延伸的输送装置淬火铸铁部件的熔融盐浴淬火室。第二输送装置将熔融盐浴室中的部件除去。

8. 发明授权

US4033766A Continuous stream treatment of ductile iron 失效
标题翻译：球墨铸铁的连续流处理
公开(公告)号：US4033766A
公开(公告)日：1977-07-05
申请号：US654663
申请日：1976-02-02
申请人： Gerald S. Cole , Bela V. Kovacs , Robert A. Sensoli , Herschel B. Smartt
发明人： Gerald S. Cole , Bela V. Kovacs , Robert A. Sensoli , Herschel B. Smartt
IPC分类号： C21C1/10 , C22C33/00
CPC分类号： C21C1/10 , C22C33/00
摘要： A method and apparatus for producing modified grey iron, and particularly nodular cast iron, is disclosed. The apparatus comprises refractory elements including an inclined flow course for continuous reception of molten grey iron, a V-shaped inclined receptacle interposed in said course into which a predetermined supply of modifying agent, such as magnesium, is injected to react with said iron, and means for controlling the egress of iron from the receptacle in order to sequentially stage the build-up and dissipation of a pool of iron in said receptacle facilitating chemical reactions and thorough mixing for attaining and improving the homogeneity of the modified iron elements. The product and composition uniquely is characterized by about 3.5 carbon, by weight, 2.5% silicon, 0.2-0.9Mn sulfur no greater than 0.015%, the remainder being essentially iron; the composition is devoid of carbide and dross or slag and has a graphite nodule count of at least 400 per square millimeter in a 1/2 inch section.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于生产改性灰铁，特别是球墨铸铁的方法和设备。该装置包括耐火元件，其包括用于连续接收熔融灰色铁的倾斜流动路径;插入在所述过程中的V形倾斜容器，向其中注入预定供应的改性剂例如镁以与所述铁反应，以及用于控制从容器排出铁的装置，以便顺序地在所述容器中堆积和耗散铁池，促进化学反应和充分混合，以获得和改善改性铁元素的均匀性。产品和组合物的唯一特征在于约3.5碳，重量比，2.5％硅，0.2-0.9Mn硫不大于0.015％，其余基本上是铁; 该组合物没有碳化物和浮渣或渣，并且在1/2英寸截面中具有至少400每平方毫米的石墨结核计数。

9. 发明授权

US5246510A Method for producing a selectively surface hardened cast iron part 失效
标题翻译：选择性表面硬化铸铁部件的制造方法
公开(公告)号：US5246510A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-21
申请号：US890852
申请日：1992-06-01
申请人： Bela V. Kovacs , John R. Keough
发明人： Bela V. Kovacs , John R. Keough
IPC分类号： C21D1/06 , C21D1/20 , C21D1/48 , C21D5/00
CPC分类号： C21D1/06 , C21D1/48 , C21D5/00 , C21D1/20 , C21D2221/10
摘要： A method for producing a selectively surface hardened cast iron part includes the steps of (a) heating the part to a desired austempering temperature of between about 450.degree. F. and about 800.degree. F. until the entire cast iron part possesses the desired austempering temperature substantially uniformly throughout it; (b) heating only the surface of the cast iron part to an austenitizing temperature of between about 1500.degree. F. and about 1800.degree. F. by immersing the cast iron part in a molten lead or tin bath until a desired thickness of an austenite layer is formed on the surface of the cast iron part, without substantial heating of the interior of the cast iron part; (c) quenching the surface-heated cast iron part in a non-liquid quenching bath atmosphere, i.e. a gaseous atmosphere maintained at the desired austempering temperature, for a time adequate to transform the surface austenite layer to an ausferritic structure; and (d) cooling the cast iron part before bainite is formed in the heat-treated surface layer. In this manner, only the heat-treated surface layer of the cast iron part is hardened, because it is quenched from both sides simultaneously from two sources: self-quenching by the interior of the part, and external quenching by the austempering atmosphere. Typical heating times in step (a) are between about 10 minutes and about 10 hours, and in step (b) are between about 3 seconds and about 10 minutes. The quenching time in step (c) is typically between about 15 minutes and about 8 hours.
摘要翻译：一种用于制造选择性表面硬化的铸铁部件的方法包括以下步骤：（a）将所述部件加热至所需的约450°F至约800°F的奥氏体回火温度，直到整个铸铁部件具有所需的奥氏体回火温度基本均匀地遍布它; （b）将铸铁部件的表面仅加热至约1500°F至约1800°F的奥氏体化温度，通过将铸铁部件浸入熔融铅或锡浴中直至所需厚度的奥氏体层形成在铸铁部件的表面上，而不会对铸铁部件的内部进行实质加热; （c）将表面加热的铸铁部件在非液体淬火浴气氛中，即保持在所需的奥氏体回火温度的气态气氛中淬火足以将表面奥氏体层转变为无铁粉结构的时间; 和（d）在热处理表面层中形成贝氏体之前冷却铸铁部件。以这种方式，只有铸铁部件的热处理表面层被硬化，因为它从两侧同时从两侧来淬火：由部件内部进行自淬火，并由奥氏体回火气氛进行外部淬火。步骤（a）中的典型加热时间为约10分钟至约10小时，步骤（b）中的加热时间为约3秒至约10分钟。步骤（c）中的淬火时间通常在约15分钟至约8小时之间。

10. 发明授权

US5043028A High silicon, low carbon austemperable cast iron 失效
标题翻译：高硅，低碳奥氏体铸铁
公开(公告)号：US5043028A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-27
申请号：US515243
申请日：1990-04-27
申请人： Bela V. Kovacs , John R. Keough , Douglas M. Pramstaller
发明人： Bela V. Kovacs , John R. Keough , Douglas M. Pramstaller
IPC分类号： C21D5/00 , C22C37/10
CPC分类号： C21D5/00 , C22C37/10
摘要： An austemperable cast iron which includes an ausferritic matrix, the cast iron having a silicon content of from about 1.6 to about 2.4 weight percent, and a carbon content of from about 1.6 to about 2.2 weight percent, such that the carbon equivalent of the cast iron is from about 2.1 to about 3.0 weight percent. The austempered cast iron is prepared by melting the cast iron composition; to about 1650.degree.-1900.degree. F. and maintaining the temperature of the casting at that temperature until substantially all of the eutectic carbide particles convert to temper graphite nodules to form a temper graphite-containing casting, then cooling the temper graphite-containing casting to about 1500.degree.-1750.degree. F. and maintaining the temperature of the tempered graphite-coating at about 1500.degree.-1750.degree. F. until a fully austenitic matrix is achieved, and then quenching and cooling the ausferritic matrix casting to room temperature before bainite is formed.
摘要翻译：一种奥氏体铸铁，其包括一种铁素体基体，该铸铁的硅含量为约1.6至约2.4重量％，碳含量为约1.6至约2.2重量％，使得铸铁的碳当量为约2.1至约3.0重量％。奥氏体铸铁通过熔化铸铁组合物制备; 至约1650°-1900°F，并将铸件的温度保持在该温度，直到基本上所有的共晶碳化物颗粒转化为回火石墨结核，形成含回火石墨的铸件，然后将含回火石墨的铸件冷却至约1500°-1750°F，并将回火石墨涂层的温度保持在约1500°-1750°F，直到达到完全奥氏体基体，然后在贝氏体为贝氏体之前淬火和冷却铝铁基体铸造至室温形成。

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