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1. 发明授权

US5793430A Method and apparatus for correcting motion vectors 失效
标题翻译：用于校正运动矢量的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5793430A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-11
申请号：US976937
申请日：1997-11-24
申请人： Andrew Hackett , Michael Knee , Michel Kerdranvat , Nadine Bolender
发明人： Andrew Hackett , Michael Knee , Michel Kerdranvat , Nadine Bolender
IPC分类号： G06T7/20 , H04N5/14 , H04N5/44 , H04N7/01 , H04N7/24 , H04N19/00 , H04N7/32
CPC分类号： G06T7/2013 , H04N19/51 , H04N5/145 , H04N7/012 , G06T2207/10016
摘要： Motion vectors resulting from block matching are corrected for periodic structures by taking a more reliable vector from an edge of a moving object containing the periodic structure. This is done by calculating and comparing different error combinations to identify periodic structures and replacing a current motion vector with one of an adjacent pixel block either from the block to the left or from the block above, which ever yields the smaller error in the current block, or by taking a combination (e.g., mean) of both vectors. Advantageously, artifacts such as phase reversal of information in interpolated fields due to the presence of an erroneous vector in a periodic structure are reduced and very little additional processing is required after the block matching itself.
摘要翻译：通过从包含周期性结构的运动对象的边缘获取更可靠的向量来校正来自块匹配的运动向量，以对于周期性结构进行校正。这可以通过计算和比较不同的误差组合来识别周期性结构，并用一个相邻像素块（从块向左）或从上面的块替换当前的运动矢量，从而产生当前块中的较小误差，或通过两个载体的组合（例如，平均值）。有利的是，由于在周期性结构中存在错误的向量而导致内插场中的信息的相位反转的伪像被减少，并且在块匹配本身之后需要很少的附加处理。

2. 发明授权

US5546130A Method and apparatus for forming a video signal using motion estimation and signal paths with different interpolation processing 失效
标题翻译：使用运动估计和具有不同内插处理的信号路径形成视频信号的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5546130A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-13
申请号：US316138
申请日：1994-09-30
申请人： Andrew Hackett , Michael Knee , Michel Kerdranvat , Nadine Bolender
发明人： Andrew Hackett , Michael Knee , Michel Kerdranvat , Nadine Bolender
IPC分类号： H04N7/32 , H04N5/44 , H04N7/01 , H04N7/26
CPC分类号： H04N7/0132 , H04N19/513 , H04N19/521 , H04N7/014 , Y10S348/91
摘要： Motion compensated video output signal (SO) produced by a soft switching or "fading" (SSW) between the a motion compensated interpolation (MCI) and a "fallback" mode (FFI) (e.g., intra-field), controlled by a "measure of confidence" (CF) in the reliability of the estimated motion vector. The confidence measure includes the following two components, namely: (i) a "basic confidence measure" (e.g., a block based, minimum motion estimation error (BME) and (ii) a measure based on the motion velocity or "speed" of movement of the motion vector or its horizontal (MVX) and vertical components (MVY).
摘要翻译：由运动补偿内插（MCI）和“回退”模式（FFI）（例如，场内）之间的软切换或“衰落”（SSW）产生的运动补偿视频输出信号（SO），由“ 估计运动矢量的可靠性中的置信度测度“（CF）。可信度度量包括以下两个组成部分，即：（i）“基本置信度量度”（例如，基于块的最小运动估计误差（BME））和（ii）基于运动速度或“速度” 运动矢量或其水平（MVX）和垂直分量（MVY）的运动。

3. 发明授权

US06438170B1 Method and apparatus for motion estimation using block matching 失效
标题翻译：使用块匹配的运动估计的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06438170B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-20
申请号：US08801610
申请日：1997-02-18
申请人： Andrew Hackett , Michael Knee , Michel Kerdranvat , Nadine Bolender
发明人： Andrew Hackett , Michael Knee , Michel Kerdranvat , Nadine Bolender
IPC分类号： H04N732
CPC分类号： H04N5/145 , H04N19/51
摘要： Block matching is a robust and simple method of motion estimation for television pictures. One important parameter in block matching is the block size. Large blocks give more reliable motion estimation than small blocks, particularly in the presence of noise on the input picture, but they produce a coarser motion vector field. However, if the motion estimation is being used for motion compensated interpolation, for example the upconversion between 50 and 100 Hz display rates, the effects on picture quality of wrong vectors for whole blocks, and also of vectors that do not correctly follow the boundaries of moving objects, can be severe. According to the invention, large block (LB) matching is combined with the performance of more localized motion vectors to get pixel motion vectors. For any pixel, the motion vector will be one of four possibilities; the vector calculated for the block containing the pixel and the vectors (V1, V2, V3, V4) of the nearest blocks horizontally, vertically and diagonally.
摘要翻译：块匹配是用于电视图像的运动估计的鲁棒且简单的方法。块匹配中的一个重要参数是块大小。大块比小块提供更可靠的运动估计，特别是在输入图像上存在噪声的情况下，它们产生较粗的运动矢量场。然而，如果运动估计被用于运动补偿插值，例如在50和100Hz显示速率之间的上变频，对整个块的错误向量的图像质量的影响，以及不正确地遵循移动物体，可能很严重。根据本发明，将大块（LB）匹配与更局部化的运动矢量的性能组合以获得像素运动矢量。对于任何像素，运动矢量将是四种可能性之一; 对于包含像素的块计算的矢量和水平，垂直和对角线上最近块的矢量（V1，V2，V3，V4）。

4. 发明授权

US5642170A Method and apparatus for motion compensated interpolation of intermediate fields or frames 失效
标题翻译：中间场或帧的运动补偿插值的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5642170A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-24
申请号：US315397
申请日：1994-09-30
申请人： Andrew Hackett , Michael Knee , Michel Kerdranvat , Nadine Bolender
发明人： Andrew Hackett , Michael Knee , Michel Kerdranvat , Nadine Bolender
IPC分类号： H04N7/32 , H04N5/44 , H04N7/01 , H04N7/26 , H04N7/36
CPC分类号： H04N7/0132 , H04N19/105 , H04N19/112 , H04N19/137 , H04N19/503 , H04N19/51 , H04N7/0137
摘要： An appearance of a double image around moving objects may be reduced or removed by generating motion compensated 100 Hz fields with the objects in correct positions. When, however, the results of this technique are applied to motion compensated upconversion, objects or parts of the picture which fall outside the range of measurable velocities appear on the upconverted display with a very strong double image, resulting from the display of information in the wrong temporal position generated by uncompensated or `fallback processing`. The subjective strength of the double image may be reduced by low pass filtering in a horizontal direction the components in the new fields of the upconverted signal which cause this double image.
摘要翻译：可以通过在物体处于正确位置的情况下产生运动补偿的100Hz场来减少或去除运动物体周围的双重图像的外观。然而，当将该技术的结果应用于运动补偿上变频时，超出可测量速度范围的图像的对象或部分出现在上变换显示器上，具有非常强的双重图像，这是由于在由未补偿或“回退处理”产生的错误时间位置。通过在水平方向上的低通滤波可以减少双重图像的主观强度，这是引起该双重图像的上变频信号的新场中的分量。

5. 发明授权

US5822007A Method and apparatus for motion estimation using block matching 失效
标题翻译：使用块匹配的运动估计的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5822007A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-13
申请号：US591597
申请日：1996-06-21
申请人： Michael Knee , Andrew Hackett , Michael Kerdranvat , Nadine Bolender
发明人： Michael Knee , Andrew Hackett , Michael Kerdranvat , Nadine Bolender
IPC分类号： H04N7/01 , H04N5/14 , H04N7/26 , H04N7/36 , H04N7/46 , H04N7/12
CPC分类号： H04N5/145 , H04N19/51 , H04N19/577
摘要： Block matching is well known as a robust and intuitively simple method of motion estimation for television pictures. However, when the purpose of the motion estimation is to provide accurate interpolation between images, conventional block matching suffers from the problem that the blocks are situated in the original fields rather than in the fields to be interpolated, leading to possible errors in the calculated motion field. The invention uses two-sided block matching. The search window is shared between the two input fields so that the candidate motion vectors related to be candidate pixel blocks all pass through the same points in the field to be interpolated. Thus, the "current block" becomes a notional area in the field to be interpolated, and each of the two search windows extends to half the maximum motion vector in each direction. Each motion vector points forward to the forward field by half its value and backward to the backward field by half its value. Two-sided block matching solves the positional error problem because the current blocks cover the interpolated field and are correctly placed in the interpolated field, and it solves the problem of gaps and conflicts because every point in the interpolated field has one motion vector assigned to it.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP94 / 02870 Sec。 371日期1996年2月9日 102（e）日期1996年2月9日PCT 1994年8月30日PCT PCT。公开号WO95 / 07591 日期1995年3月16日嵌套匹配是众所周知的，用于电视图像的运动估计的鲁棒且直观简单的方法。然而，当运动估计的目的是提供图像之间的精确插值时，传统的块匹配存在这样的问题：块位于原始场而不是待内插的场中，导致计算运动中的可能误差领域。本发明使用双面块匹配。搜索窗口在两个输入字段之间共享，使得与候选像素块相关的候选运动矢量全部通过要插值的字段中的相同点。因此，“当前块”成为要插值的字段中的概念区域，并且两个搜索窗口中的每一个延伸到每个方向上的最大运动矢量的一半。每个运动矢量向前指向正向场的一半值，并向后指向后向域的一半值。双面块匹配解决了位置误差问题，因为当前块覆盖内插场并被正确地放置在内插场中，并且解决了间隙和冲突的问题，因为内插场中的每个点都有一个分配给它的运动矢量。

6. 发明授权

US5539773A Method and apparatus for ghost cancelling and/or equalizing 失效
标题翻译：用于重影消除和/或均衡的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5539773A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-23
申请号：US256930
申请日：1994-12-19
申请人： Michael Knee , Andreas Zipp , Andrew Hackett , Nelly Bruneau
发明人： Michael Knee , Andreas Zipp , Andrew Hackett , Nelly Bruneau
IPC分类号： H03H21/00 , H04N5/21 , H03H7/30
CPC分类号： H03H21/0012 , H04N5/211
摘要： A method for signal equalization/ghost cancellation with an equalizing filter includes synthesizing a first equalizing filter function (LMS 1) with N (an integer) taps and associated coefficients. The respective coefficients are adjusted to minimize the error between a received reference signal output by the synthesized equalizing filter function and a non-distorted reference signal. The adjusted coefficients are evaluated to determine P (an integer) groups of M (an integer) taps and associated coefficients which contribute to said synthesized equalizing filter function according to a predetermined criterion and wherein P times M is less than N. A second equalizing filter function is synthesized corresponding to the first equalizing filter function with coefficients other than the P groups of M coefficients set to zero, and the P groups to M coefficients are adjusted to minimize the error. The adjusted P groups of M coefficients are applied to a programmable filter to configure the programmable filter to execute an equalizing filter function on received signal.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP93 / 00311 Sec。 371日期1994年12月19日第 102（e）1994年12月19日PCT PCT 1993年2月9日PCT公布。公开号WO93 / 16527 日期：1993年8月19日利用均衡滤波器进行信号均衡/重影消除的方法包括：利用N（整数）抽头和相关系数合成第一均衡滤波函数（LMS 1）。调整各个系数以最小化由合成均衡滤波器功能输出的接收参考信号与非失真参考信号之间的误差。评估调整后的系数以确定根据预定标准有助于所述合成均衡滤波函数的M（整数）抽头和相关系数的P（整数）组，并且其中P倍M小于N。第二均衡滤波器对与第一均衡滤波函数相对应的函数合成，其中除了M系数的P组之外的系数设置为零，并且调整P组至M系数以最小化误差。将M个系数的经调整的P组施加到可编程滤波器，以配置可编程滤波器以对接收信号执行均衡滤波器功能。

7. 发明授权

US5394192A Method of measuring the noise in an active video image and device for implementing the method 失效
标题翻译：测量有源视频图像中噪声的方法和实现该方法的装置
公开(公告)号：US5394192A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-28
申请号：US30173
申请日：1993-03-29
申请人： Andrew Hackett
发明人： Andrew Hackett
IPC分类号： H04N5/21 , H04N5/213
CPC分类号： H04N5/21
摘要： A method of measuring the noise in an active video image. During a given processing period, for each pixel of a video image considered to be stationary, the difference f.sub.d between the video signal corresponding to this pixel and the video signal corresponding t the pixel at the same spatial position in a preceding image is calculated. The square of the absolute value of the difference is calculated so as to obtain a value .vertline.f.sub.d .vertline..sup.2, and the value .vertline.f.sub.d .vertline..sup.2 is added to previously obtained values so as to form a sum value .SIGMA..vertline.f.sub.d .vertline..sup.2. The above operations are repeated until the number of pixels processed is equal to a given threshold value N.sub.0, or until the end of the processing period. At the end of the processing period, if the number of pixels processed is equal to the threshold value, the value .SIGMA..vertline.f.sub.d .vertline..sup.2 is used to determine a reference point giving a new noise-reduction coefficient k.sub.min, otherwise the former reference point is kept. The invention applies especially to television.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / FR91 / 00756 Sec。 371日期1993年3月29日 102（e）1993年3月29日PCT PCT 1991年9月27日PCT公布。公开号WO92 / 06558 日期：1992年04月16日。一种测量有效视频图像中的噪声的方法。在给定的处理期间，对于被认为是静止的视频图像的每个像素，计算与该像素对应的视频信号与对应于在先前图像中的相同空间位置处的像素的视频信号之间的差fd。计算差的绝对值的平方，以获得值| fd | 2，并且将值| fd | 2与先前获得的值相加以形成和值SIGMA | fd | 2。重复上述操作，直到处理的像素数等于给定阈值N0，或直到处理周期结束为止。在处理周期结束时，如果处理的像素数等于阈值，则使用值SIGMA | fd | 2来确定给出新的降噪系数kmin的参考点，否则前一个参考点是保持本发明尤其适用于电视机。

8. 发明授权

US5185663A Apparatus for processing predistorted first video signal and data reduced second video signal 失效
标题翻译：用于处理预测的第一视频信号和数据减少的第二视频信号的装置
公开(公告)号：US5185663A
公开(公告)日：1993-02-09
申请号：US688485
申请日：1991-07-01
申请人： Andrew Hackett
发明人： Andrew Hackett
IPC分类号： H04N5/92 , H04N5/77 , H04N5/91 , H04N5/926 , H04N9/79 , H04N9/797 , H04N9/804 , H04N9/808
CPC分类号： H04N5/926 , H04N5/91 , H04N9/797 , H04N9/8042 , H04N5/77 , H04N5/9261
摘要： A system to facilitate mixing and recording video signals of different standards, e.g., in digital format via a digital video recorder, is disclosed. A first video signal in progressive scan format is converted to a standard format (e.g., line interlaced) prior to recording. A standard second video signal (e.g., line interlaced) is predistorted without format conversion prior to recording with the first signal to reduce artifacts associated with post-processing after recording. The predistortion involves vertically displacing selected picture elements. Before being displayed, a video output signal from the recorder is converted to the scan format of the first video signal.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP89 / 01327 Sec。 371日期1991年7月1日 102（e）日期1991年7月1日PCT提交1989年11月7日PCT公布。公开号WO90 / 06037 日期：1990年5月31日。公开了一种便于混合和记录不同标准的视频信号的系统，例如通过数字录像机以数字格式记录。逐行扫描格式的第一视频信号在记录之前被转换为标准格式（例如，行隔行扫描）。在记录第一信号之前，标准第二视频信号（例如，行隔行扫描）被预失真而不进行格式转换，以减少与记录后的后处理相关联的伪影。预失真涉及垂直移位所选择的图像元素。在显示之前，来自记录器的视频输出信号被转换为第一视频信号的扫描格式。

9. 发明授权

US5610662A Method and apparatus for reducing conversion artifacts 失效
标题翻译：减少转换伪影的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5610662A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-11
申请号：US415066
申请日：1995-03-30
申请人： Andrew Hackett
发明人： Andrew Hackett
IPC分类号： H04N5/253 , H04N5/44 , H04N7/01
CPC分类号： H04N7/0112 , H04N7/012 , H04N7/014
摘要： When film is transmitted by television, the same frame of film is used to generate both interlace television fields. This results in the information carried by the second field being temporally displaced from the original by 20 ms. This displacement gives rise to judder and double image artifacts in the received image. To overcome these defects the intermediate fields are generated from the original film frames by double sided motion compensated interpolation wherein the motion information is calculated using double sided block matching. The invention may be applied either in a television receiver or video signal decoder or in the television studio before the television signal is transmitted.
摘要翻译：当电影通过电视传输时，使用相同的电影帧来产生两个交错电视场。这导致第二场所携带的信息从原来的时间上移位了20ms。这种位移在接收到的图像中产生抖动和双重图像伪影。为了克服这些缺陷，通过双面运动补偿插值从原始胶片帧产生中间场，其中使用双面块匹配来计算运动信息。在发送电视信号之前，本发明可以应用于电视接收机或视频信号解码器或电视演播室中。

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