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1. 发明申请

US20080086057A1 Microcirculation imaging 有权
标题翻译：微循环成像
公开(公告)号：US20080086057A1
公开(公告)日：2008-04-10
申请号：US11524866
申请日：2006-09-21
申请人： Alain L. Fymat , Max Harry Weil , Wanchun Tang , Joe Bisera , Giuseppe Ristagno
发明人： Alain L. Fymat , Max Harry Weil , Wanchun Tang , Joe Bisera , Giuseppe Ristagno
IPC分类号： A61B6/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0059 , A61B5/02007 , A61B5/0261 , A61B5/412
摘要： A real time image is created of blood circulation deep (e.g. a plurality of millimeters) below the surface of living tissue to aid in evaluating a patient. A first beam (26) of circularly polarized light is directed forwardly (F) against an outer surface (14) of the tissue, the circularly polarized beam penetrating into a deep region (12) of the tissue. Along shallow depths (42), light of the first beam is scattered a minimum amount from tissue and a portion of such light that passes rearwardly and out of the tissue remains polarized. Along greater depths (12), light of the first beam is scattered much more and becomes depolarized, and a portion of that deep light travels rearwardly (R) and back illuminates the overlying tissue. Light emerging from the outer surface of the tissue and traveling rearwardly, which constitutes a second beam (36), is passed through a depolarizing filter (24) that passes primarily only unpolarized light, so light from a shallow depth is largely blocked. The unpolarized light of the filtered second beam is focused on a photodetector (48) that creates electrical signals representing a real time image. Light spots (54) on the image that move, represent spaces between blood platelets (52) that are moving through a capillary, and indicates the velocity of blood through the capillary.
摘要翻译：在生物体组织表面下方深层（例如，多个毫米）产生血液循环的实时图像，以帮助评估患者。圆偏振光的第一光束（26）向前（F）指向组织的外表面（14），圆偏振光束穿透组织的深部区域（12）。沿着浅深度（42），第一光束的光从组织中散射最小量，并且这些光向后通过并从组织出来的部分保持偏振。沿着更深的深度（12），第一光束的光被散射得更多并且变得去极化，并且该一部分深光向后行进（R）并且向后照射上覆的组织。构成第二光束（36）的从组织的外表面向后移动的光通过仅主要通过非偏振光的去极化滤光器（24），因此来自浅深度的光被大大阻挡。被滤波的第二光束的非偏振光聚焦在产生表示实时图像的电信号的光电检测器（48）上。移动的图像上的光点（54）表示在血细胞移动的血小板（52）之间的空间，并且指示通过毛细管的血液的速度。

2. 发明授权

US08214023B2 Microcirculation imaging 有权
标题翻译：微循环成像
公开(公告)号：US08214023B2
公开(公告)日：2012-07-03
申请号：US11524866
申请日：2006-09-21
申请人： Alain L. Fymat , Max Harry Weil , Wanchun Tang , Joe Bisera , Giuseppe Ristagno
发明人： Alain L. Fymat , Max Harry Weil , Wanchun Tang , Joe Bisera , Giuseppe Ristagno
IPC分类号： A61B6/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0059 , A61B5/02007 , A61B5/0261 , A61B5/412
摘要： An image is created of blood circulation deep (e.g. a plurality of millimeters) below the surface of living tissue to aid in evaluating a patient. A first beam (26) of circularly polarized light is directed forwardly (F) against an outer surface (14) of the tissue. Light that has penetrated to only a shallow depth before moving rearwardly and out of the tissue remains polarized and is blocked by a filter (38). Light that has penetrated to greater depths (12), is scattered more and becomes depolarized, and a portion of it passes through the depolarizing filter (38) and is focused on a photodetector (48) to create an image. Light spots (54) on the image that move, represent spaces between blood platelets (52) that are moving through a capillary, and indicates the velocity of blood through the capillary.
摘要翻译：在生物体组织表面下面形成血液循环深（例如多个毫米）的图像以帮助评估患者。圆偏振光的第一光束（26）向前（F）指向组织的外表面（14）。在向后移动和移出组织之前已经穿透到浅深度的光保持偏振并被过滤器（38）阻挡。已经穿透到较大深度（12）的光被更多地散射并变得去极化，并且其一部分通过去极化滤光器（38）并聚焦在光电检测器（48）上以产生图像。移动的图像上的光点（54）表示在血细胞移动的血小板（52）之间的空间，并且指示通过毛细管的血液的速度。

3. 发明授权

US4682604A Coincidence counting emission tomographic probe: method and apparatus 失效
标题翻译：一致计数发射断层扫描探针：方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4682604A
公开(公告)日：1987-07-28
申请号：US705916
申请日：1985-02-25
申请人： Alain L. Fymat , Wai-Nang P. Lee , Moses A. Greenfield
发明人： Alain L. Fymat , Wai-Nang P. Lee , Moses A. Greenfield
IPC分类号： G01T1/29 , A61B6/00
CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/161 , A61B6/4258
摘要： This invention comprises a method and apparatus for measuring both the absolute levels and variations of radioactivity emitted following administration of suitable radioisotopes during a test period by selected organs. Miniaturized radiation detectors for measuring two different types of radiation, such as gamma rays and photons, for example, are modified by the addition of mutual overlap coincidence units, scalers, single channel analyzers and time-gates. The individual detector units are appropriately arranged to form a probe or collar in either a strip or a checkerboard configuration, extending around the neck to study the thyroid gland or other gland organ to be analyzed. The associated electronic architecture is appropriately designed in either simplex or multiplex circuit patterns. Measurements are performed according to an established, preprogrammed time schedule that is reflective of the functional processes of the organ undergoing testing, and which separately determine the background radiation and that emanating from the organ or gland being examined. The data is recorded and processed by a dedicated microcomputer means. With a properly chosen radiopharmaceutical, the measurements provide specific data useful for clinical evaluation of the physiological functions and morphological features of the organ.
摘要翻译：本发明包括一种用于测量在选定器官的测试期间施用合适的放射性同位素之后发射的放射性的绝对水平和变化的方法和装置。用于测量两种不同类型辐射的微型辐射检测器，例如伽马射线和光子，例如通过添加相互重叠的重合单元，缩放器，单通道分析器和时间门来进行修改。单独的检测器单元被适当地布置成在条带或棋盘配置中形成探针或颈圈，围绕颈部延伸以研究待分析的甲状腺或其他腺体器官。相关联的电子架构以单工或多路电路模式进行适当设计。根据既定的预编程时间表进行测量，该时间表反映正在进行测试的器官的功能过程，并且其分别确定背景辐射以及从所检查的器官或腺体发出的背景辐射。数据由专用微机装置记录和处理。通过适当选择的放射性药物，测量提供了有用的临床评估器官的生理功能和形态特征的具体数据。

4. 发明授权

US4329053A Frequency-scanning particle size spectrometer 失效
标题翻译：频率扫描粒子谱仪
公开(公告)号：US4329053A
公开(公告)日：1982-05-11
申请号：US65676
申请日：1979-08-10
申请人： James C. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with respect to an invention of Fletcher , Alain L. Fymat
发明人： James C. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with respect to an invention of Fletcher , Alain L. Fymat
IPC分类号： G01N15/02
CPC分类号： G01N15/0205
摘要： A particle size spectrometer having a fixed field of view within the forward light scattering cone at an angle .theta..sub.s between approximately 100 and 200 minutes of arc (preferably at 150 minutes), a spectral range extending approximately from 0.2 to 4.0 inverse micrometers (.mu.m.sup.-1), and a spectral resolution between about 0.1 and 0.2 .mu.m.sup.-1 (preferably toward the lower end of this range of spectral resolution), is employed to determine the distribution of particle sizes, independently of the chemical composition of the particles, from measurements of incident light, I.sub.o, at each frequency, .sigma. (=1/.lambda.), and scattered light, I(.sigma.), according to the equation: ##EQU1## where l=2.pi.sin.theta., .theta. being the fixed viewing angle .theta..sub.s at which scattered light is measured, r is particle size, .sigma. is the reciprocal of wavelength, J.sub.1 is a Bessel function of first kind and order unity, Y.sub.1 is a Bessel function of second kind and order unity. The quantity, I.sub..sigma., is the ratio of scattered light to incident light at each frequency interval. The apparatus is a passive remote sensor that can be used in laboratories, field stations, flying aircrafts and airships, and on board an orbiting satellite.
摘要翻译：在正射光散射锥体内具有在大约100和200分钟弧之间的角度θ（优选在150分钟）下的固定视场的粒度光谱仪，大约从0.2到4.0微米（μm）的光谱范围 -1），并且使用约0.1至0.2μm-1（优选地在该光谱分辨率范围的下端）之间的光谱分辨率来确定粒子的分布，与颗粒的化学组成无关，根据以下等式从入射光，Io，每个频率，σ（= 1 /λ）和散射光I（sigma）的测量，其中l = 2 pisinθ，θ为固定观察测量散射光的角度θ，r是粒度，sigma是波长的倒数，J1是第一类的贝塞尔函数和阶次单位，Y1是第二类的贝塞尔函数和阶次单位。数量I sigma是在每个频率间隔处的散射光与入射光的比率。该装置是可用于实验室，现场站，飞行飞机和飞艇以及轨道卫星上的被动远程传感器。

5. 发明授权

US3977787A High-resolution fourier interferometer-spectrophotopolarimeter 失效
标题翻译：高分辨率傅立叶干涉仪 - 分光光度计
公开(公告)号：US3977787A
公开(公告)日：1976-08-31
申请号：US574219
申请日：1975-05-05
申请人： James C. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with respect to an invention of Fletcher , Alain L. Fymat
发明人： James C. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with respect to an invention of Fletcher , Alain L. Fymat
IPC分类号： G01J4/04 , G01J3/28 , G01J3/45 , G01J3/453 , G01J4/00 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01J3/453 , G01J4/00 , G01J2003/2866
摘要： A high-resolution Fourier interferometer-spectrophotopolarimeter is provided using (i) a single linear polarizer-analyzer the transmission axis azimuth of which is positioned successively in the three orientations of 0.degree., 45.degree., and 90.degree., in front of a detector; (ii) four flat mirrors, three of which are switchable to either of two positions to direct an incoming beam from an interferometer to the polarizer-analyzer (1) around a sample cell (2) transmitted through a medium in a cell and (3) reflected by medium in the cell; and (iii) four fixed focussing lenses, all located in a sample chamber attached at the exit side of the interferometer. This arrangement can provide the distribution of energy and complete polarization state across the spectrum of (a) the reference light entering from the interferometer; (b) the same light after a fixed-angle reflection from the sample cell containing a medium to be analyzed; and (c) the same light after direct transmission through the same sample cell, with the spectral resolution provided by the interferometer.
摘要翻译：提供了一种高分辨率傅立叶干涉仪 - 分光光度计，其中，（i）单个线性偏振器 - 分析仪，其透射轴方位依次位于检测器前方的0°，45°和90°的三个取向中; （ii）四个平面反射镜，其中三个可切换到两个位置中的任一个，以将来自干涉仪的入射光束引导到穿过细胞中的介质传播的样品池（2）周围的偏振器 - 分析器（1）和（3 ）由细胞中的培养基反映; 和（iii）四个固定的聚焦透镜，全部位于连接在干涉仪出口侧的样品室中。这种布置可以提供（a）从干涉仪进入的参考光的光谱的能量分布和完全偏振状态; （b）从含有要分析的介质的样品池进行定角反射后的相同的光; 和（c）通过相同的样品池直接传输相同的光，具有由干涉仪提供的光谱分辨率。

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