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1. 发明授权

US6059815A Microfabricated therapeutic actuators and release mechanisms therefor 失效
标题翻译：微型治疗执行器及其释放机制
公开(公告)号：US6059815A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-09
申请号：US67824
申请日：1998-04-28
申请人： Abraham P. Lee , Joseph P. Fitch , Daniel L. Schumann , Luiz Da Silva , William J. Benett , Peter A. Krulevitch
发明人： Abraham P. Lee , Joseph P. Fitch , Daniel L. Schumann , Luiz Da Silva , William J. Benett , Peter A. Krulevitch
IPC分类号： A61B17/00 , A61B17/12 , A61M25/16 , A61B17/28
CPC分类号： A61B17/1214 , A61B17/12022 , A61B2017/00867 , A61B2017/00871 , A61B2017/12068 , A61B2017/12077
摘要： Microfabricated therapeutic actuators are fabricated using a shape memory polymer (SMP), a polyurethane-based material that undergoes a phase transformation at a specified temperature (Tg). At a temperature above temperature Tg material is soft and can be easily reshaped into another configuration. As the temperature is lowered below temperature Tg the new shape is fixed and locked in as long as the material stays below temperature Tg. Upon reheating the material to a temperature above Tg, the material will return to its original shape. By the use of such SMP material, SMP microtubing can be used as a retaining/release actuator for the delivery of material, such as embolic coils, for example, through catheters into aneurysms, for example. The microtubing can be manufactured in various sizes and the phase change temperature Tg is determinate for an intended temperature target and intended use. The SMP microtubing can be positioned around or within an end of a deposit material. Various heating arrangements can be utilized with the SMP release mechanism, and the SMP microtubing can include a metallic coating for enhanced light absorption.
摘要翻译：使用形状记忆聚合物（SMP），在特定温度（Tg）下经历相变的基于聚氨酯的材料制造微制剂治疗致动器。在高于温度的温度下，Tg材料是柔软的并且可以容易地重塑成另一种构型。当温度降低到温度Tg以下时，只要材料保持低于温度Tg，新形状就会被固定和锁定。将材料重新加热至高于Tg的温度时，材料将恢复到原来的形状。通过使用这种SMP材料，SMP微管可用作用于例如通过导管穿入动脉瘤等物质输送的保持/释放致动器。微管可以以各种尺寸制造，相变温度Tg对于预期的温度目标和预期用途是确定的。 SMP微管可以定位在沉积材料的周围或内部。 SMP释放机构可以使用各种加热装置，并且SMP微管可以包括用于增强光吸收的金属涂层。

2. 发明授权

US5722989A Microminiaturized minimally invasive intravascular micro-mechanical systems powered and controlled via fiber-optic cable 失效
标题翻译：通过光纤电缆供电和控制的微小型微创血管内微机械系统
公开(公告)号：US5722989A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-03
申请号：US812142
申请日：1997-03-06
申请人： Joseph P. Fitch , Karla Hagans , Robert Clough , Dennis L. Matthews , Abraham P. Lee , Peter A. Krulevitch , William J. Benett , Luiz Da Silva , Peter M. Celliers
发明人： Joseph P. Fitch , Karla Hagans , Robert Clough , Dennis L. Matthews , Abraham P. Lee , Peter A. Krulevitch , William J. Benett , Luiz Da Silva , Peter M. Celliers
IPC分类号： B25J15/08 , A61B17/00 , A61B17/12 , A61B17/28 , A61B19/00 , B81B3/00
CPC分类号： A61B17/1214 , A61B17/12022 , A61B17/29 , A61B2017/00292 , A61B2017/00345 , A61B2017/00398 , A61B2017/1205 , A61B2017/12068 , A61B2017/12077 , A61B2017/12081 , A61B2017/2926
摘要： A micro-mechanical system for medical procedures is constructed in the basic form of a catheter having a distal end for insertion into and manipulation within a body and a near end providing for a user to control the manipulation of the distal end within the body. A fiberoptic cable is disposed within the catheter and having a distal end proximate to the distal end of the catheter and a near end for external coupling of laser light energy. A microgripper is attached to the distal end of the catheter and providing for the gripping or releasing of an object within the body. A laser-light-to-mechanical-power converter is connected to receive laser light from the distal end of the fiberoptic cable and connected to mechanically actuate the microgripper.
摘要翻译：用于医疗程序的微机械系统以导管的基本形式构造，其具有用于插入身体内部和在身体内操作的远端，并且近端提供用户以控制身体内的远端的操纵。光纤电缆设置在导管内并且具有靠近导管远端的远端和用于激光光能的外部耦合的近端。微型抓爪附接到导管的远端，并提供用于在体内夹持或释放物体。连接激光 - 光机械功率转换器以接收来自光纤电缆的远端的激光并连接到机械致动微型抓爪。

3. 发明授权

US06370757B1 Method for loading shape memory polymer gripper mechanisms 有权
公开(公告)号：US06370757B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-16
申请号：US09568615
申请日：2000-05-10
申请人： Abraham P. Lee , William J. Benett , Daniel L. Schumann , Peter A. Krulevitch , Joseph P. Fitch
发明人： Abraham P. Lee , William J. Benett , Daniel L. Schumann , Peter A. Krulevitch , Joseph P. Fitch
IPC分类号： B23P1102
摘要： A method and apparatus for loading deposit material, such as an embolic coil, into a shape memory polymer (SMP) gripping/release mechanism. The apparatus enables the application of uniform pressure to secure a grip by the SMP mechanism on the deposit material via differential pressure between, for example, vacuum within the SMP mechanism and hydrostatic water pressure on the exterior of the SMP mechanism. The SMP tubing material of the mechanism is heated to above the glass transformation temperature (Tg) while reshaping, and subsequently cooled to below Tg to freeze the shape. The heating and/or cooling may, for example, be provided by the same water applied for pressurization or the heating can be applied by optical fibers packaged to the SMP mechanism for directing a laser beam, for example, thereunto. At a point of use, the deposit material is released from the SMP mechanism by reheating the SMP material to above the temperature Tg whereby it returns to its initial shape. The reheating of the SMP material may be carried out by injecting heated fluid (water) through an associated catheter or by optical fibers and an associated beam of laser light, for example.

4. 发明授权

US06240630B1 Apparatus for loading shape memory gripper mechanisms 失效
标题翻译：装载形状记忆夹持机构的装置
公开(公告)号：US06240630B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-05
申请号：US08984624
申请日：1997-12-03
申请人： Abraham P. Lee , William J. Benett , Daniel L. Schumann , Peter A. Krulevitch , Joseph P. Fitch
发明人： Abraham P. Lee , William J. Benett , Daniel L. Schumann , Peter A. Krulevitch , Joseph P. Fitch
IPC分类号： B21D3904
CPC分类号： A61B17/221 , A61B17/1219 , A61B2017/00345 , A61B2017/00867 , A61B2017/00871 , A61B2017/1205 , A61B2017/12068 , A61B2017/12072 , Y10T29/49865 , Y10T29/49929 , Y10T29/53439 , Y10T29/53987
摘要： A method and apparatus for loading deposit material, such as an embolic coil, into a shape memory polymer (SMP) gripping/release mechanism. The apparatus enables the application of uniform pressure to secure a grip by the SMP mechanism on the deposit material via differential pressure between, for example, vacuum within the SMP mechanism and hydrostatic water pressure on the exterior of the SMP mechanism. The SMP tubing material of the mechanism is heated to above the glass transformation temperature (Tg) while reshaping, and subsequently cooled to below Tg to freeze the shape. The heating and/or cooling may, for example, be provided by the same water applied for pressurization or the heating can be applied by optical fibers packaged to the SMP mechanism for directing a laser beam, for example, thereunto. At a point of use, the deposit material is released from the SMP mechanism by reheating the SMP material to above the temperature Tg whereby it returns to its initial shape. The reheating of the SM material may be carried out by injecting heated fluid (water) through an associated catheter or by optical fibers and an associated beam of laser light, for example.
摘要翻译：一种用于将诸如栓塞线圈的沉积材料装载到形状记忆聚合物（SMP）夹持/释放机构中的方法和装置。该装置能够通过例如SMP机构中的真空和SMP机构的外部上的静水压力之间的压差来施加均匀的压力，以通过SMP机构来确保在沉积材料上的握持。将机构的SMP管材料加热至高于玻璃化转变温度（Tg），同时重塑，随后冷却至Tg以下以冻结形状。加热和/或冷却可以例如由施加加压的相同的水提供，或者可以通过包封在SMP机构中的光纤施加加热，以引导例如激光束。在使用时，通过将SMP材料再加热到高于Tg的温度Tg，沉积材料从SMP机制释放，由此其恢复到初始形状。 SM材料的再加热可以通过例如通过相关联的导管或通过光纤和相关的激光束注入加热的流体（水）来进行。

5. 发明授权

US6102933A Release mechanism utilizing shape memory polymer material 有权
标题翻译：使用形状记忆聚合物材料的释放机制
公开(公告)号：US6102933A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US245832
申请日：1999-02-05
申请人： Abraham P. Lee , M. Allen Northrup , Dino R. Ciarlo , Peter A. Krulevitch , William J. Benett
发明人： Abraham P. Lee , M. Allen Northrup , Dino R. Ciarlo , Peter A. Krulevitch , William J. Benett
IPC分类号： A61B17/00 , A61B17/12 , A61M25/16 , A61B17/28
CPC分类号： A61B17/1214 , A61B17/12022 , A61B2017/00867 , A61B2017/00871 , A61B2017/12068 , A61B2017/12077
摘要： Microfabricated therapeutic actuators are fabricated using a shape memory polymer (SMP), a polyurethane-based material that undergoes a phase transformation at a specified temperature (Tg). At a temperature above temperature Tg material is soft and can be easily reshaped into another configuration. As the temperature is lowered below temperature Tg the new shape is fixed and locked in as long as the material stays below temperature Tg. Upon reheating the material to a temperature above Tg, the material will return to its original shape. By the use of such SMP material, SMP microtubing can be used as a release actuator for the delivery of embolic coils through catheters into aneurysms, for example. The microtubing can be manufactured in various sizes and the phase change temperature Tg is determinate for an intended temperature target and intended use.
摘要翻译：使用形状记忆聚合物（SMP），在特定温度（Tg）下经历相变的基于聚氨酯的材料制造微制剂治疗致动器。在高于温度的温度下，Tg材料是柔软的并且可以容易地重塑成另一种构型。当温度降低到温度Tg以下时，只要材料保持低于温度Tg，新形状就会被固定和锁定。将材料重新加热至高于Tg的温度时，材料将恢复到原来的形状。通过使用这种SMP材料，SMP微管可以用作例如通过导管将栓塞线圈输送到动脉瘤中的释放致动器。微管可以以各种尺寸制造，相变温度Tg对于预期的温度目标和预期用途是确定的。

6. 发明授权

US5928161A Microbiopsy/precision cutting devices 失效
标题翻译：微生物/精密切割装置
公开(公告)号：US5928161A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-27
申请号：US887780
申请日：1997-07-03
申请人： Peter A. Krulevitch , Abraham P. Lee , M. Allen Northrup , William J. Benett
发明人： Peter A. Krulevitch , Abraham P. Lee , M. Allen Northrup , William J. Benett
IPC分类号： A61B10/00 , A61B10/02 , A61B17/00
CPC分类号： A61B10/0275 , A61B2017/00345 , A61B2017/00398
摘要： Devices for performing tissue biopsy on a small scale (microbiopsy). By reducing the size of the biopsy tool and removing only a small amount of tissue or other material in a minimally invasive manner, the risks, costs, injury and patient discomfort associated with traditional biopsy procedures can be reduced. By using micromachining and precision machining capabilities, it is possible to fabricate small biopsy/cutting devices from silicon. These devices can be used in one of four ways 1) intravascularly, 2) extravascularly, 3) by vessel puncture, and 4) externally. Additionally, the devices may be used in precision surgical cutting.
摘要翻译：用于小规模进行组织活检的装置（微生物活检）。通过减小活检工具的尺寸并以微创方式仅去除少量的组织或其它材料，可以减少与传统活检程序相关的风险，成本，损伤和患者的不适。通过使用微加工和精密加工能力，可以从硅制造小的活检/切割装置。这些装置可以以四种方式之一使用：1）血管内，2）血管外，3）通过血管穿刺，4）外部使用。另外，这些装置可用于精密手术切割。

7. 发明授权

US5609608A Miniature plastic gripper and fabrication method 失效
标题翻译：微型塑料夹具及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US5609608A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-11
申请号：US549497
申请日：1995-10-27
申请人： William J. Benett , Peter A. Krulevitch , Abraham P. Lee , Milton A. Northrup , James A. Folta
发明人： William J. Benett , Peter A. Krulevitch , Abraham P. Lee , Milton A. Northrup , James A. Folta
IPC分类号： A61B17/00 , A61B17/12 , A61B17/28
CPC分类号： A61B17/29 , A61B2017/00292 , A61B2017/00345 , A61B2017/00526 , A61B2017/12081 , A61B2017/2926 , A61B2017/2932 , Y10T29/49826
摘要： A miniature plastic gripper actuated by inflation of a miniature balloon and method of fabricating same. The gripper is constructed of either heat-shrinkable or heat-expandable plastic tubing and is formed around a mandrel, then cut to form gripper prongs or jaws and the mandrel removed. The gripper is connected at one end with a catheter or tube having an actuating balloon at its tip, whereby the gripper is opened or closed by inflation or deflation of the balloon. The gripper is designed to removably retain a member to which is connected a quantity or medicine, plugs, or micro-components. The miniature plastic gripper is inexpensive to fabricate and can be used for various applications, such as gripping, sorting, or placing of micron-scale particles for analysis.
摘要翻译：由微型气球膨胀致动的微型塑料夹具及其制造方法。夹具由热收缩或热膨胀塑料管构成，并围绕心轴形成，然后切割以形成夹爪或钳口，并移除心轴。夹具在其一端与在其尖端处具有致动气囊的导管或管连接，由此通过气囊的充气或放气来打开或闭合夹具。夹具被设计成可移除地保持连接有数量或药物，插头或微组件的构件。微型塑料夹具制造成本低廉，可用于各种应用，例如夹紧，分选或放置微米级颗粒进行分析。

8. 发明授权

US5985217A Microfabricated instrument for tissue biopsy and analysis 失效
标题翻译：用于组织活检和分析的微型仪器
公开(公告)号：US5985217A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-16
申请号：US895786
申请日：1997-07-17
申请人： Peter A. Krulevitch , Abraham P. Lee , M. Allen Northrup , William J. Benett
发明人： Peter A. Krulevitch , Abraham P. Lee , M. Allen Northrup , William J. Benett
IPC分类号： G01N1/06 , G01N1/31 , B01L11/00
CPC分类号： G01N1/31 , G01N1/06 , Y10T83/222 , Y10T83/9493
摘要： A microfabricated biopsy/histology instrument which has several advantages over the conventional procedures, including minimal specimen handling, smooth cutting edges with atomic sharpness capable of slicing very thin specimens (approximately 2 .mu.m or greater), micro-liter volumes of chemicals for treating the specimens, low cost, disposable, fabrication process which renders sterile parts, and ease of use. The cutter is a "cheese-grater" style design comprising a block or substrate of silicon and which uses anisotropic etching of the silicon to form extremely sharp and precise cutting edges. As a specimen is cut, it passes through the silicon cutter and lies flat on a piece of glass which is bonded to the cutter. Microchannels are etched into the glass or silicon substrates for delivering small volumes of chemicals for treating the specimen. After treatment, the specimens can be examined through the glass substrate. For automation purposes, microvalves and micropumps may be incorporated. Also, specimens in parallel may be cut and treated with identical or varied chemicals. The instrument is disposable due to its low cost and thus could replace current expensive microtome and histology equipment.
摘要翻译：微生物活检/组织学仪器具有优于常规方法的几个优点，包括最小的样品处理，具有能够切割非常薄的样品（约2微米或更大）的原子清晰度的平滑切割边缘，微量体积的用于处理标本，低成本，一次性，制造过程，使无菌部件和易于使用。切割器是包括硅块或硅衬底的“干酪磨”式设计，其使用硅的各向异性蚀刻来形成非常清晰和精确的切割边缘。当样品被切割时，它通过硅切割器并且平坦地放置在粘合到切割器上的一块玻璃上。将微通道蚀刻到玻璃或硅衬底中，用于递送少量用于处理样品的化学品。处理后，可以通过玻璃基板检查样品。为了自动化，可以并入微阀和微型泵。此外，可以用相同或不同的化学物质来切割并处理标本。该仪器由于成本低，因此可以替代当前昂贵的切片机和组织学设备。

9. 发明授权

US5783130A Fabrication method for miniature plastic gripper 失效
标题翻译：微型塑料夹具的制作方法
公开(公告)号：US5783130A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-21
申请号：US753720
申请日：1996-11-27
申请人： William J. Benett , Peter A. Krulevitch , Abraham P. Lee , Milton A. Northrup , James A. Folta
发明人： William J. Benett , Peter A. Krulevitch , Abraham P. Lee , Milton A. Northrup , James A. Folta
IPC分类号： A61B17/00 , A61B17/12 , A61B17/28 , B29C37/02 , B28B7/14 , B29C33/40
CPC分类号： A61B17/29 , A61B2017/00292 , A61B2017/00345 , A61B2017/00526 , A61B2017/12081 , A61B2017/2926 , A61B2017/2932 , Y10T29/49826
摘要： A miniature plastic gripper actuated by inflation of a miniature balloon and method of fabricating same. The gripper is constructed of either heat-shrinkable or heat-expandable plastic tubing and is formed around a mandrel, then cut to form gripper prongs or jaws and the mandrel removed. The gripper is connected at one end with a catheter or tube having an actuating balloon at its tip, whereby the gripper is opened or dosed by inflation or deflation of the balloon. The gripper is designed to removably retain a member to which is connected a quantity or medicine, plugs, or micro-components. The miniature plastic gripper is inexpensive to fabricate and can be used for various applications, such as gripping, sorting, or placing of micron-scale particles for analysis.
摘要翻译：由微型气球膨胀致动的微型塑料夹具及其制造方法。夹具由热收缩或热膨胀塑料管构成，并围绕心轴形成，然后切割以形成夹爪或钳口，并移除心轴。夹具在一端与在其顶端具有致动气囊的导管或管连接，由此通过气囊的充气或放气来打开或放药夹具。夹具被设计成可移除地保持连接有数量或药物，插头或微组件的构件。微型塑料夹具制造成本低廉，可用于各种应用，例如夹紧，分选或放置微米级颗粒进行分析。

10. 发明授权

US06319474B1 Microfabricated instrument for tissue biopsy and analysis 失效
标题翻译：用于组织活检和分析的微型仪器
公开(公告)号：US06319474B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-20
申请号：US09327401
申请日：1999-06-07
申请人： Peter A. Krulevitch , Abraham P. Lee , M. Allen Northrup , William J. Benett
发明人： Peter A. Krulevitch , Abraham P. Lee , M. Allen Northrup , William J. Benett
IPC分类号： B01L1100
CPC分类号： G01N1/31 , G01N1/06 , Y10T83/222 , Y10T83/9493
摘要： A microfabricated biopsy/histology instrument which has several advantages over the conventional procedures, including minimal specimen handling, smooth cutting edges with atomic sharpness capable of slicing very thin specimens (approximately 2 &mgr;m or greater), micro-liter volumes of chemicals for treating the specimens, low cost, disposable, fabrication process which renders sterile parts, and ease of use. The cutter is a “cheese-grater” style design comprising a block or substrate of silicon and which uses anisotropic etching of the silicon to form extremely sharp and precise cutting edges. As a specimen is cut, it passes through the silicon cutter and lies flat on a piece of glass which is bonded to the cutter. Microchannels are etched into the glass or silicon substrates for delivering small volumes of chemicals for treating the specimen. After treatment, the specimens can be examined through the glass substrate.
摘要翻译：一种微加工活检/组织学仪器，其具有优于常规程序的几个优点，包括最小的样品处理，具有能够切割非常薄的样品（约2μm或更大）的原子清晰度的平滑切割边缘，用于处理样品的微量体积的化学品，低成本，一次性的制造工艺，使无菌部件和易于使用。切割器是包括硅块或硅衬底的“干酪磨”式设计，其使用硅的各向异性蚀刻来形成非常清晰和精确的切割边缘。当样品被切割时，它通过硅切割器并且平坦地放置在粘合到切割器上的一块玻璃上。将微通道蚀刻到玻璃或硅衬底中，用于递送少量用于处理样品的化学品。处理后，可以通过玻璃基板检查样品。

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