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1. 发明申请

US20090010643A1 Method and apparatus for identifying faults in a passive optical network 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于识别无源光网络故障的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20090010643A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-08
申请号：US11825650
申请日：2007-07-06
申请人： David A. DeLew , Vinita Gupta , Bernardus F. Egberts , Daniel L. Smith , Paul A. Henderson , Edward J. Sackman , Michael J. Wurst
发明人： David A. DeLew , Vinita Gupta , Bernardus F. Egberts , Daniel L. Smith , Paul A. Henderson , Edward J. Sackman , Michael J. Wurst
IPC分类号： H04B10/08
CPC分类号： H04B10/079 , H04B10/035
摘要： Component malfunctions in passive optical networks (PON) can increase bit error rates and decrease signal-to-noise ratio in communications signals. These faults may cause the receivers of the signals, either the optical line terminal (OLT) or optical network terminals (ONTs), to experience intermittent faults and/or may result in misinterpreted commands that disrupt other ONT's communication, resulting in a rogue ONT condition. Existing PON protocol detection methods may not detect these types of malfunctions. An embodiment of the present invention identifies faults in a PON by transmitting a test series of data patterns via an optical communications path from a first network node to a second network node. The test series is compared to an expected series of data patterns. An error rate may be calculated as a function of the differences between the test series and expected series. The error rate may be reported to identify faults in the PON.
摘要翻译：无源光网络（PON）中的组件故障可以增加通信信号中的误码率并降低信噪比。这些故障可能导致信号的接收器（光线路终端（OLT）或光网络终端（ONT））经历间歇性故障和/或可能导致误解其他ONT通信的错误命令，导致流氓ONT条件。现有的PON协议检测方法可能无法检测到这些类型的故障。本发明的一个实施例通过从第一网络节点到第二网络节点的光通信路径发送测试数据模式来识别PON中的故障。将测试系列与预期的一系列数据模式进行比较。误差率可以作为测试序列与预期序列之间的差异的函数来计算。可以报告错误率以识别PON中的故障。

2. 发明授权

US4431871A Solid state relay 失效
标题翻译：固态继电器
公开(公告)号：US4431871A
公开(公告)日：1984-02-14
申请号：US341266
申请日：1982-01-21
申请人： Vinita Gupta
发明人： Vinita Gupta
IPC分类号： H04M3/02 , H03K17/687 , H03K17/693 , H04M19/00
CPC分类号： H03K17/693 , Y10T307/658
摘要： A solid state relay provides for a discontinuous transfer contact function. The solid state relay includes a first field effect transistor (FET) in a first switch, and second and third FETs in a second switch. The first and second FETs are each connected with AC responsive bias circuits for biasing the respective FETs into a non conductive condition. A control circuit operates the first and second switches to provide a transfer contact function. In a switching transition between a supply of a talking battery via the second switch, to a telephone line, to a supply of a ringing battery line via the first switch to the telephone line, the third FET is operated to increase impedance between the talking battery supply and the second FET, to permit AC voltage from the ringing battery supply to bias the second FET OFF.
摘要翻译：固态继电器提供不连续的转移接触功能。固态继电器包括第一开关中的第一场效应晶体管（FET），以及第二开关中的第二和第三FET。第一和第二FET各自与AC响应偏置电路连接，用于将各个FET偏置成非导通状态。控制电路操作第一和第二开关以提供转移接触功能。在通过第二开关供电的通话电池与电话线之间的切换转换中，通过第一开关向电话线提供振铃电池线，第三FET被操作以增加通话电池之间的阻抗电源和第二FET，以允许来自振铃电池电源的AC电压将第二FET偏置。

3. 发明申请

US20080225898A1 Method and apparatus for detecting and compensating for jitter in a communications network 有权
标题翻译：用于检测和补偿通信网络中的抖动的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20080225898A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-18
申请号：US11811723
申请日：2007-06-12
申请人： David A. DeLew , Vinita Gupta , Robert S. Larvenz , Joseph Golja
发明人： David A. DeLew , Vinita Gupta , Robert S. Larvenz , Joseph Golja
IPC分类号： H04J3/06 , H04J14/08
CPC分类号： H04J3/0652 , H04J3/14 , H04L7/0083 , H04Q11/0067 , H04Q2011/0045 , H04Q2011/0083
摘要： Jitter in a clock signal can cause communications faults in communications networks, such as in networks in which downstream nodes use recovered clock signals as timing for upstream communications. An embodiment of the present invention detects and compensates for jitter in a network by recovering a reference clock associated with communications signals between nodes, such as an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and Optical Network Terminal (ONT) in a Passive Optical Network (PON). A local clock is synchronized with the reference clock. Jitter induced faults may be detected and compensated for by increasing the synchronization rate, then decreasing the synchronization rate until jitter induced faults begin to occur. A loss or change in a rate of communications errors occurring as a function of the synchronization rate may be monitored and reported to a system operator. Compensating for jitter by adjusting the synchronization rate provides for robust communications between network nodes.
摘要翻译：时钟信号中的抖动可能导致通信网络中的通信故障，例如在下游节点使用恢复的时钟信号作为上行通信定时的网络中。本发明的实施例通过恢复与无源光网络（PON）中的光线路终端（OLT）和光网络终端（ONT）等节点之间的通信信号相关联的参考时钟来检测和补偿网络中的抖动，。本地时钟与参考时钟同步。可以通过增加同步速率来检测和补偿抖动引起的故障，然后降低同步速率，直到抖动引起的故障开始发生。作为同步速率的函数发生的通信错误的速率的丢失或改变可以被监视并被报告给系统操作者。通过调整同步速率来补偿抖动提供网络节点之间的稳健通信。

4. 发明申请

US20090067832A1 Method and Apparatus for Verifying Signaling Values in an Optical Distribution Network 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于验证光网络中的信令值的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20090067832A1
公开(公告)日：2009-03-12
申请号：US11852999
申请日：2007-09-10
申请人： David A DeLew , Vinita Gupta , Robert S. Larvenz , Manie C. Steyn , Ryan D. Houlgate
发明人： David A DeLew , Vinita Gupta , Robert S. Larvenz , Manie C. Steyn , Ryan D. Houlgate
IPC分类号： H04B10/08
CPC分类号： H04B10/272 , H04B10/073
摘要： An apparatus and a method for verifying optical system performance using a signaling value test are disclosed. After instructing the first optical interface device and the second optical interface device to enter a verification mode, the first optical interface device sends first verification data to the second optical interface device via an optical communications network. In one embodiment, the first optical interface device is an optical line termination (“OLT”) and the second optical interface device is an optical network terminal (“ONT”). Upon composing the first reply message in response to content received by the second optical interface in accordance with the first verification data, the second optical interface device forwards the first reply message to the first optical interface device.
摘要翻译：公开了使用信号值测试来验证光学系统性能的装置和方法。在指示第一光接口装置和第二光接口装置进入验证模式之后，第一光接口装置经由光通信网向第二光接口装置发送第一验证数据。在一个实施例中，第一光接口设备是光线路终端（“OLT”），第二光接口设备是光网络终端（“ONT”）。在根据第一验证数据响应于由第二光接口接收的内容构成第一应答消息时，第二光接口设备将第一应答消息转发到第一光接口设备。

5. 发明申请

US20160069900A1 IMMUNOASSAY FOR SOLUBLE PD-L1 有权
标题翻译：易溶于PD-L1
公开(公告)号：US20160069900A1
公开(公告)日：2016-03-10
申请号：US14843285
申请日：2015-09-02
申请人： Gulesi Ayanoglu , Xiaoyan Du, JR. , Vinita Gupta , Omar Laterza , Linda Liang , Eric Rimmer
发明人： Gulesi Ayanoglu , Xiaoyan Du, JR. , Vinita Gupta , Omar Laterza , Linda Liang , Eric Rimmer
IPC分类号： G01N33/68 , G01N33/574
CPC分类号： G01N33/6872 , G01N33/57426 , G01N33/57488 , G01N2333/70532 , G01N2333/70596
摘要： The present disclosure describes two matched antibody pairs for use in a sandwich immunoassay for detecting and quantifying soluble PD-L1 in liquid samples, as well as an electrochemiluminescence sandwich immunoassay that has been optimized and validated with one of the matched pairs.
摘要翻译：本公开描述了用于夹心免疫测定中用于检测和定量液体样品中的可溶性PD-L1的两种匹配的抗体对，以及已经用匹配对之一进行了优化和验证的电化学发光夹心免疫测定。

6. 发明申请

US20130065249A1 SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION FOR IMMUNOASSAYS BY USE OF AVIDIN-BIOTIN LINKAGES 审中-公开
标题翻译：通过使用AVIDIN-BIOTIN链接免疫免疫的信号放大
公开(公告)号：US20130065249A1
公开(公告)日：2013-03-14
申请号：US13411846
申请日：2012-03-05
申请人： WOEI TAN , Nobuo Monji , Vinita Gupta , Candice Reyes
发明人： WOEI TAN , Nobuo Monji , Vinita Gupta , Candice Reyes
IPC分类号： G01N21/64
CPC分类号： G01N33/54306 , G01N33/542
摘要： In sandwich-type immunoassays that capture a protein analyte between a capture antibody, typically bound to a solid phase, and a detection antibody that is coupled to a reporter group, the number of reporter groups associated with each molecule of analyte is increased by a variety of methods that utilize avidin-biotin-type binding in conjunction with such features as immunological binding to the reporter group on the detection antibody or multiple biotin-avidin-type binding sites.
摘要翻译：在通常与固相结合的捕获抗体和与报告基团连接的检测抗体之间捕获蛋白质分析物的夹心型免疫测定中，与每个分析物分子相关联的报告基团数量增加了多种利用抗生物素蛋白 - 生物素型结合与检测抗体或多个生物素 - 抗生物素蛋白型结合位点等免疫学结合到报告基团的特征的方法。

7. 发明授权

US07660333B2 Method and apparatus for detecting and compensating for jitter in a communications network 有权
标题翻译：用于检测和补偿通信网络中的抖动的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07660333B2
公开(公告)日：2010-02-09
申请号：US11811723
申请日：2007-06-12
申请人： David A. DeLew , Vinita Gupta , Robert S. Larvenz , Joseph Golja
发明人： David A. DeLew , Vinita Gupta , Robert S. Larvenz , Joseph Golja
IPC分类号： H04J3/06 , H04J3/00 , H04L7/00
CPC分类号： H04J3/0652 , H04J3/14 , H04L7/0083 , H04Q11/0067 , H04Q2011/0045 , H04Q2011/0083
摘要： Jitter in a clock signal can cause communications faults in communications networks, such as in networks in which downstream nodes use recovered clock signals as timing for upstream communications. An embodiment of the present invention detects and compensates for jitter in a network by recovering a reference clock associated with communications signals between nodes, such as an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and Optical Network Terminal (ONT) in a Passive Optical Network (PON). A local clock is synchronized with the reference clock. Jitter induced faults may be detected and compensated for by increasing the synchronization rate, then decreasing the synchronization rate until jitter induced faults begin to occur. A loss or change in a rate of communications errors occurring as a function of the synchronization rate may be monitored and reported to a system operator. Compensating for jitter by adjusting the synchronization rate provides for robust communications between network nodes.
摘要翻译：时钟信号中的抖动可能导致通信网络中的通信故障，例如在下游节点使用恢复的时钟信号作为上行通信定时的网络中。本发明的实施例通过恢复与无源光网络（PON）中的光线路终端（OLT）和光网络终端（ONT）等节点之间的通信信号相关联的参考时钟来检测和补偿网络中的抖动，。本地时钟与参考时钟同步。可以通过增加同步速率来检测和补偿抖动引起的故障，然后降低同步速率，直到抖动引起的故障开始发生。作为同步速率的函数发生的通信错误的速率的丢失或改变可以被监视并被报告给系统操作者。通过调整同步速率来补偿抖动提供网络节点之间的稳健通信。

8. 发明申请

US20090052891A1 Method and Apparatus for Reducing Error Rate During Data Transmission in an Optical Communications Network 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于在光通信网络中数据传输期间减少误码率的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20090052891A1
公开(公告)日：2009-02-26
申请号：US11843644
申请日：2007-08-22
申请人： David A. DeLew , Vinita Gupta , Edward J. Sackman , Robert S. Larvenz
发明人： David A. DeLew , Vinita Gupta , Edward J. Sackman , Robert S. Larvenz
IPC分类号： H04B17/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/0793
摘要： An apparatus and a method of enhancing data integrity for data transmission over an optical network are disclosed. Upon detecting a low performance condition associated to the optical communications network, an error correcting code (“ECC”) device is activated. The ECC device inserts the ECC to a data stream to form an ECC data stream. Once the ECC data stream reaches to the destination, the ECC device corrects any errors incurred during the transmission, and removes the ECC from the ECC data stream. It should be noted that the ECC device can also be activated by a request from a network operator.
摘要翻译：公开了一种通过光网络提高数据传输的数据完整性的装置和方法。在检测到与光通信网络相关联的低性能条件时，纠错码（“ECC”）设备被激活。 ECC设备将ECC插入数据流以形成ECC数据流。一旦ECC数据流到达目的地，则ECC设备校正在传输过程中发生的任何错误，并从ECC数据流中移除ECC。应当注意，ECC设备也可以通过来自网络运营商的请求来激活。

9. 发明授权

US4617427A Square root circuit 失效
标题翻译：平方根电路
公开(公告)号：US4617427A
公开(公告)日：1986-10-14
申请号：US701288
申请日：1985-02-13
申请人： Mathew P. Vea , Vinita Gupta
发明人： Mathew P. Vea , Vinita Gupta
IPC分类号： H04Q1/457 , H04M1/50 , G06F15/31
CPC分类号： H04Q1/457
摘要： In a telephone signalling detector of the cross-correlation type, samples from a selected communications channel are multiplied with sine and cosine coefficients of different frequencies. The resulting sine and cosine products for each frequency are separately accumulated over a period of time after which the accumulated results are each squared and then summed for the individual frequencies. A series of sums of squares is compared in accordance with predetermined tone detection parameters to determine the presence or absence of a signalling tone defined by the coefficients. In a telephone signalling detector intended to detect any of a large family of specified signalling tones in any of a plurality of channels, the square root value of each of the sums of squares is typically provided by digital circuitry for subsequent use in a processor which is operated to complete the tone detection function in accordance with program instructions. A cost reduced square root circuit provides the square root values from a look-up ROM (read-only-memory) on a prompt and regular basis. In the square root circuit a large sum of squares is shifted toward lesser significance and a smaller sum of squares is shifted toward greater significance by means of a logic controlled shift register. Thereafter only a central portion of the shift register content is used along with a corresponding shift record to periodically address the look-up ROM.
摘要翻译：在互相关类型的电话信令检测器中，来自所选择的通信信道的采样与不同频率的正弦和余弦系数相乘。每个频率的所得到的正弦和余弦乘积在一段时间内分别累积，之后累积结果各自平方，然后针对各个频率求和。根据预定的音调检测参数来比较一系列平方和，以确定由系数定义的信令音的存在或不存在。在旨在检测多个通道中的任何一个中的任何特定信令音调的任何一个的电话信令检测器中，每个平方和的平方根通常由数字电路提供，用于随后在处理器中使用根据程序指令操作完成音调检测功能。成本降低的平方根电路在快速和定期的基础上从查找ROM（只读存储器）提供平方根值。在平方根电路中，通过逻辑控制的移位寄存器，大的平方和向着较小的显着性移动并且较小的平方和向着更大的显着性移动。此后，只有移位寄存器内容的中心部分与相应的移位记录一起使用以周期性地寻址查找ROM。

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