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1. 发明授权

US08558725B2 Robust gain and phase calibration method for a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter 有权
标题翻译：用于时间交织的模数转换器的鲁棒增益和相位校准方法
公开(公告)号：US08558725B2
公开(公告)日：2013-10-15
申请号：US13271383
申请日：2011-10-12
申请人： Sunder S. Kidambi
发明人： Sunder S. Kidambi
IPC分类号： H03M1/06
CPC分类号： H03M1/1052 , H03M1/1215
摘要： A time-interleaved analog to digital converter (TIADC) that uses a digital filter to remove sampling-frequency symmetries that might otherwise degrade error correction. In an embodiment, two Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) cores provide a set of two ADC outputs. Interleaving the digital signals output by the ADC cores forms a digital representation of the input signal. The ADC cores have an offset correction input, a gain correction input, or a sample time correction input. Prior to estimating one or more of these errors, the ADC core output signals are filtered, with the filtering depending upon expected aliasing characteristics of the input signal.
摘要翻译：时间交织的模数转换器（TIADC），其使用数字滤波器去除可能会降低误差校正的采样频率对称性。在一个实施例中，两个模数转换器（ADC）内核提供一组两个ADC输出。交错由ADC内核输出的数字信号形成输入信号的数字表示。 ADC内核具有偏移校正输入，增益校正输入或采样时间校正输入。在估计这些误差中的一个或多个之前，对ADC内核输出信号进行滤波，滤波取决于输入信号的预期混叠特性。

2. 发明授权

US08310387B2 Sampling method for time-interleaved data converters in frequency-multiplexed communications systems 有权
标题翻译：频分复用通信系统中时间交织数据转换器的采样方法
公开(公告)号：US08310387B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-13
申请号：US12862470
申请日：2010-08-24
申请人： Brannon Harris , Sunder S. Kidambi , Michael P. Anthony
发明人： Brannon Harris , Sunder S. Kidambi , Michael P. Anthony
IPC分类号： H03M1/12
CPC分类号： H03M1/0836 , H03M1/1215
摘要： A wide band analog-to-digital converter used in a frequency multiplexed communication system. The converter includes a plurality, M, of time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter subunits (ADC subunits). The sampling rate, FS1, of the M ADC subunits is selected to locate one or more integer multiples of a Nyquist frequency of a respective subunit ADC in one or more guard bands, and/or such that one or more integer multiples of FS1 are also located in the guard bands.
摘要翻译：用于频率复用通信系统的宽带模数转换器。该转换器包括多个M个时间交织的模数转换器子单元（ADC子单元）。选择M ADC子单元的采样率FS1来定位一个或多个保护带中相应子单元ADC的奈奎斯特频率的一个或多个整数倍，和/或使得FS1的一个或多个整数倍也位于守卫带。

3. 发明授权

US07839323B2 Error estimation and correction in a two-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter 有权
标题翻译：双通道时间交织模数转换器中的误差估计和校正
公开(公告)号：US07839323B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-23
申请号：US12419599
申请日：2009-04-07
申请人： Sunder S. Kidambi
发明人： Sunder S. Kidambi
IPC分类号： H03M1/06
CPC分类号： H03M1/06 , H03M1/0624 , H03M1/1028 , H03M1/1215 , H04B1/16
摘要： A two-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC) system that provides for estimation and correction of offset, gain, and sample-time errors. Error in the offsets of the two ADCs that form the TIADC produces a spurious signal at the Nyquist frequency that can be used to minimize the difference of offsets of the ADCs. The difference in gain between the two ADCs produces spurious signals reflected around the Nyquist frequency whose magnitudes can be reduced by minimizing the difference in signal power between the two ADCs. An Automatic Gain Control loop corrects the scaling of the input signal due to the average of the gains of the ADCs. Phase error produces spurious signals reflected around the Nyquist frequency that are π/2 out of phase with those due to the gain error. Minimizing the difference between the correlation of consecutive signals from the ADCs reduces the magnitude of these image tones.
摘要翻译：双通道时间交织模数转换器（TIADC）系统，提供偏移，增益和采样时间误差的估计和校正。形成TIADC的两个ADC的偏移量误差会产生奈奎斯特频率处的寄生信号，可以将ADC的偏移差减到最小。两个ADC之间的增益差异会产生在奈奎斯特频率周围反射的杂散信号，其幅度可以通过最小化两个ADC之间的信号功率差异来降低。自动增益控制环路由于ADC的增益平均而校正输入信号的比例。相位误差会产生与奈奎斯特频率反射的寄生信号，这些信号与由于增益误差引起的寄生信号相差/ 2相位差。最小化来自ADC的连续信号的相关性之间的差异降低了这些图像色调的幅度。

4. 发明申请

US20100253557A1 CALIBRATION OF OFFSET, GAIN AND PHASE ERRORS IN M-CHANNEL TIME-INTERLEAVED ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS 有权
标题翻译： M通道时间间隔模拟数字转换器中的偏移，增益和相位误差校准
公开(公告)号：US20100253557A1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-07
申请号：US12691449
申请日：2010-01-21
申请人： Sunder S. Kidambi
发明人： Sunder S. Kidambi
IPC分类号： H03M1/06
CPC分类号： H03M1/06 , H03M1/0624 , H03M1/1028 , H03M1/1215 , H04B1/16
摘要： Techniques for correcting component mismatches in an M-channel time-interleaved Analog to Digital Converter (ADC). In order to obtain an error measure for offset, gain or phase, errors, outputs from each ADC are either summed or averaged over No samples. Calling each of the sums or averages as Xk where k=1, 2, . . . , M, there are M such values as a result. A single value representing the mean of these M values, Xmean, is chosen as a reference value. The offset, gain and phase errors for the M different ADCs are then obtained from Xk−Xmean. The sign of each offset error, i.e., sign(Xk−Xmean), is then used to drive an adaptive algorithm whose output represents an offset correction value for the corresponding ADC. The offset, gain, and phase correction outputs from the adaptive algorithm is fed to an array of Digital-to-Analog converters (DACs) whose outputs are voltages or currents that directly or indirectly controls the offset, gain or phase setting of each individual ADC. Thus, there are M different offset, gain and phase error signals and M different adaptive algorithms operating in conjunction with M different DACs providing offset control signals to M different ADCs. In certain embodiments, spur frequencies can be reduced with the use of notch filters.
摘要翻译：用于校正M通道时间交织模数转换器（ADC）中元件失配的技术。为了获得偏移，增益或相位误差的误差，错误，每个ADC的输出在无样本之间求和或平均。将每个或者平均值调用为X k，其中k = 1,2。。。，M，结果有这样的M值。选择表示这些M值的平均值的单个值Xmean作为参考值。然后从Xk-Xmean获得M个不同ADC的偏移，增益和相位误差。然后使用每个偏移误差的符号，即符号（Xk-Xmean）来驱动自适应算法，其自适应算法的输出表示对应的ADC的偏移校正值。来自自适应算法的偏移，增益和相位校正输出被馈送到数模转换器（DAC）阵列，数字模拟转换器（DAC）的输出是直接或间接控制每个ADC的偏移，增益或相位设置的电压或电流。因此，存在M个不同的偏移，增益和相位误差信号，以及M个不同的自适应算法，与M个不同的DAC结合，为M个不同的ADC提供偏移控制信号。在某些实施例中，使用陷波滤波器可以减少杂散频率。

5. 发明授权

US08427175B2 Correction of non-linearities in ADCS 有权
标题翻译：纠正ADCS中的非线性
公开(公告)号：US08427175B2
公开(公告)日：2013-04-23
申请号：US12874654
申请日：2010-09-02
申请人： Sunder S. Kidambi
发明人： Sunder S. Kidambi
IPC分类号： G01R35/00 , G01R23/00
CPC分类号： H03M1/1042 , H03M1/12
摘要： Techniques for calibrating non-linearities of ADCs are described, which can be applied whether or not the non-linearities change with frequency. When the non-linearities do not change (are static), the frequency of a calibrating signal is first estimated coarsely in a calibration mode, then a fine estimate is determined using the coarse estimate. These estimates are then used to predict the sinusoidal signal using a linear predictor. A Look Up Table (LUT) containing corrections to the ADC is derived from this result. The LUT is then used in a normal operating mode to correct the output of the ADC. In a case where the characteristics of the non-linearities of the input signal are dynamic and thus change with frequency, a frequency spectrum of interest is broken into several regions. In each of these regions, a frequency is identified and used as a calibrating signal to generate the corresponding LUT. During normal operation of the ADC, in a first method, the bin corresponding to dominant frequency of the signal is identified using a short-length FFT. This bin is used to select the appropriate LUT for operating on the output of the ADC to provide the calibrated output. In a second method used when dynamic input is expected, a single LUT is developed using the averages values from the LUTs determined from the various regions.
摘要翻译：描述了用于校准ADC的非线性的技术，其可以应用于非线性是否随频率变化。当非线性不变（静态）时，首先在校准模式中粗略地估计校准信号的频率，然后使用粗略估计来确定精确估计。然后使用这些估计使用线性预测器来预测正弦信号。从该结果得出包含校正ADC的查找表（LUT）。然后在正常工作模式下使用LUT来校正ADC的输出。在输入信号的非线性的特性是动态的并因此随频率而变化的情况下，感兴趣的频谱被分解成几个区域。在这些区域的每一个中，识别频率并将其用作校准信号以生成相应的LUT。在ADC的正常操作期间，在第一种方法中，使用短长度FFT来识别对应于信号的主频的箱。该bin用于选择适当的LUT以在ADC的输出上运行以提供校准输出。在期望动态输入时使用的第二种方法中，使用来自各个区域确定的LUT的平均值来开发单个LUT。

6. 发明授权

US08063803B2 Calibration of offset, gain and phase errors in M-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters 有权
标题翻译：校正M通道时间交错模数转换器中的偏移，增益和相位误差
公开(公告)号：US08063803B2
公开(公告)日：2011-11-22
申请号：US12950751
申请日：2010-11-19
申请人： Sunder S. Kidambi
发明人： Sunder S. Kidambi
IPC分类号： H03M1/06
CPC分类号： H03M1/06 , H03M1/0624 , H03M1/1028 , H03M1/1215 , H04B1/16
摘要： Techniques for correcting component mismatches in an M-channel time-interleaved Analog to Digital Converter (ADC). In order to obtain an error measure for offset, gain or phase, errors, outputs from each ADC are either summed or averaged over No samples. Calling each of the sums or averages as Xk where k=1, 2, . . . , M, there are M such values as a result. A single value representing the mean of these M values, Xmean, is chosen as a reference value. The offset, gain and phase errors for the M different ADCs are then obtained from Xk−Xmean. The sign of each offset error, i.e., sign (Xk−Xmean), is then used to drive an adaptive algorithm whose output represents an offset correction value for the corresponding ADC. The offset, gain, and phase correction outputs from the adaptive algorithm is fed to an array of Digital-to-Analog converters (DACs) whose outputs are voltages or currents that directly or indirectly controls the offset, gain or phase setting of each individual ADC. Thus, there are M different offset, gain and phase error signals and M different adaptive algorithms operating in conjunction with M different DACs providing offset control signals to M different ADCs. In certain embodiments, spur frequencies can be reduced with the use of notch filters.
摘要翻译：用于校正M通道时间交织模数转换器（ADC）中元件失配的技术。为了获得偏移，增益或相位误差的误差，错误，每个ADC的输出在无样本之间求和或平均。将每个或者平均值调用为X k，其中k = 1,2。。。，M，结果有这样的M值。选择表示这些M值的平均值的单个值Xmean作为参考值。然后从Xk-Xmean获得M个不同ADC的偏移，增益和相位误差。然后使用每个偏移误差的符号，即符号（Xk-Xmean）来驱动自适应算法，其自适应算法的输出表示对应的ADC的偏移校正值。来自自适应算法的偏移，增益和相位校正输出被馈送到数模转换器（DAC）阵列，数字模拟转换器（DAC）的输出是直接或间接控制每个ADC的偏移，增益或相位设置的电压或电流。因此，存在M个不同的偏移，增益和相位误差信号，以及M个不同的自适应算法，与M个不同的DAC结合，为M个不同的ADC提供偏移控制信号。在某些实施例中，使用陷波滤波器可以减少杂散频率。

7. 发明申请

US20110199096A1 CORRECTION OF NON-LINEARITIES IN ADCS 有权
标题翻译：纠正ADCS中的非线性
公开(公告)号：US20110199096A1
公开(公告)日：2011-08-18
申请号：US12874654
申请日：2010-09-02
申请人： Sunder S. Kidambi
发明人： Sunder S. Kidambi
IPC分类号： G01R27/28
CPC分类号： H03M1/1042 , H03M1/12
摘要： Techniques for calibrating non-linearities of ADCs are described, which can be applied whether or not the non-linearities change with frequency. When the non-linearities do not change (are static), the frequency of a calibrating signal is first estimated coarsely in a calibration mode, then a fine estimate is determined using the coarse estimate. These estimates are then used to predict the sinusoidal signal using a linear predictor. A Look Up Table (LUT) containing corrections to the ADC is derived from this result. The LUT is then used in a normal operating mode to correct the output of the ADC. In a case where the characteristics of the non-linearities of the input signal are dynamic and thus change with frequency, a frequency spectrum of interest is broken into several regions. In each of these regions, a frequency is identified and used as a calibrating signal to generate the corresponding LUT. During normal operation of the ADC, in a first method, the bin corresponding to dominant frequency of the signal is identified using a short-length FFT. This bin is used to select the appropriate LUT for operating on the output of the ADC to provide the calibrated output. In a second method used when dynamic input is expected, a single LUT is developed using the averages values from the LUTs determined from the various regions.
摘要翻译：描述了用于校准ADC的非线性的技术，其可以应用于非线性是否随频率变化。当非线性不变（静态）时，首先在校准模式中粗略地估计校准信号的频率，然后使用粗略估计来确定精确估计。然后使用这些估计使用线性预测器来预测正弦信号。从该结果得出包含校正ADC的查找表（LUT）。然后在正常工作模式下使用LUT来校正ADC的输出。在输入信号的非线性的特性是动态的并因此随频率而变化的情况下，感兴趣的频谱被分解成几个区域。在这些区域的每一个中，识别频率并将其用作校准信号以生成相应的LUT。在ADC的正常操作期间，在第一种方法中，使用短长度FFT来识别对应于信号的主频的箱。该bin用于选择适当的LUT以在ADC的输出上运行以提供校准输出。在期望动态输入时使用的第二种方法中，使用来自各个区域确定的LUT的平均值来开发单个LUT。

8. 发明申请

US20100164763A1 ERROR ESTIMATION AND CORRECTION IN A TWO-CHANNEL TIME-INTERLEAVED ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER 有权
标题翻译：双通道时间间隔模拟数字转换器中的错误估计和校正
公开(公告)号：US20100164763A1
公开(公告)日：2010-07-01
申请号：US12419599
申请日：2009-04-07
申请人： Sunder S. Kidambi
发明人： Sunder S. Kidambi
IPC分类号： H03M1/06 , H03M1/12
CPC分类号： H03M1/06 , H03M1/0624 , H03M1/1028 , H03M1/1215 , H04B1/16
摘要： A two-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC) system that provides for estimation and correction of offset, gain, and sample-time errors. Error in the offsets of the two ADCs that form the TIADC produces a spurious signal at the Nyquist frequency that can be used to minimize the difference of offsets of the ADCs. The difference in gain between the two ADCs produces spurious signals reflected around the Nyquist frequency whose magnitudes can be reduced by minimizing the difference in signal power between the two ADCs. An Automatic Gain Control loop corrects the scaling of the input signal due to the average of the gains of the ADCs. Phase error produces spurious signals reflected around the Nyquist frequency that are π/2 out of phase with those due to the gain error. Minimizing the difference between the correlation of consecutive signals from the ADCs reduces the magnitude of these image tones.
摘要翻译：双通道时间交织模数转换器（TIADC）系统，提供偏移，增益和采样时间误差的估计和校正。形成TIADC的两个ADC的偏移量误差会产生奈奎斯特频率处的寄生信号，可以用于最小化ADC偏移量的差异。两个ADC之间的增益差异会产生在奈奎斯特频率周围反射的杂散信号，其幅度可以通过最小化两个ADC之间的信号功率差异来降低。自动增益控制环路由于ADC的增益平均而校正输入信号的比例。相位误差会产生与奈奎斯特频率反射的寄生信号，这些信号与由于增益误差引起的寄生信号相差/ 2相位差。最小化来自ADC的连续信号的相关性之间的差异降低了这些图像色调的幅度。

9. 发明授权

US08643517B2 Gradient-based approach to sample-time mismatch error calibration in a two-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter 有权
标题翻译：基于梯度的两通道时间交错模数转换器采样时失配误差校准方法
公开(公告)号：US08643517B2
公开(公告)日：2014-02-04
申请号：US13455617
申请日：2012-04-25
申请人： Sunder S. Kidambi
发明人： Sunder S. Kidambi
IPC分类号： H03M1/06
CPC分类号： H03M1/1019 , H03M1/0836 , H03M1/1215
摘要： Correcting phase error in a two-channel TIADC system in a manner that is independent of the Nyquist zone(s) occupied by the input signal. In the preferred approach this is done using the gradient of a phase error estimate. The gradient may be determined from a simplified expression of linear regression; the direction of the adaptation is then controlled by the sign of the gradient. The adaptive algorithm converges to the optimal value regardless of the Nyquist zone occupied by the input signal.
摘要翻译：以独立于输入信号所占据的奈奎斯特区域的方式校正双通道TIADC系统中的相位误差。在优选的方法中，这是使用相位误差估计的梯度来完成的。梯度可以从线性回归的简化表达式确定; 然后通过渐变的符号来控制适应的方向。无论输入信号占用的奈奎斯特区域如何，自适应算法收敛到最优值。

10. 发明授权

US08604952B2 Multiplier-free algorithms for sample-time and gain mismatch error estimation in a two-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter 有权
标题翻译：双通道时间交织模数转换器的采样时间和增益失配误差估计的无乘法算法
公开(公告)号：US08604952B2
公开(公告)日：2013-12-10
申请号：US13413764
申请日：2012-03-07
申请人： Sunder S. Kidambi , Brannon Harris
发明人： Sunder S. Kidambi , Brannon Harris
IPC分类号： H03M1/06
CPC分类号： H03M1/0604 , H03M1/0624 , H03M1/1215
摘要： Techniques for the estimation of sample-time and gain mismatch errors in a two-channel time interleaved analog to digital converter that are devoid of any multiplication operation. In a sample-time mismatch error evaluation, the signs and the absolute values from the two ADCs are used to provide an estimate of the sample-time mismatch error. In a gain error estimation algorithm, the absolute values of the outputs from the two ADCs are subtracted and accumulated. The errors can then be corrected, in a preferred embodiment, using suitable adaptive sample time and gain correction techniques.
摘要翻译：用于估计没有任何乘法运算的双通道时间交错模数转换器中采样时间和增益失配误差的技术。在采样时间失配误差评估中，来自两个ADC的符号和绝对值用于提供采样时间失配误差的估计。在增益误差估计算法中，减去并积累来自两个ADC的输出的绝对值。然后可以在优选实施例中使用合适的自适应采样时间和增益校正技术来校正误差。

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