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    • 1. 发明申请
    • FOAMS, INCLUDING MICROCELLULAR FOAMS, CONTAINING COLLOIDAL PARTICULATES
    • FOAMS,包括微胶囊,含有胶体颗粒
    • US20130209520A1
    • 2013-08-15
    • US13697706
    • 2011-05-20
    • Kosta LadavacRodrigo GuerraDavid KazVinothan N. ManoharanJens B. RiegerRoland S. KoltzenburgDavid A. Weitz
    • Kosta LadavacRodrigo GuerraDavid KazVinothan N. ManoharanJens B. RiegerRoland S. KoltzenburgDavid A. Weitz
    • A61K9/12
    • A61K9/122A61K9/143A61K9/146A61K9/5115
    • The present invention generally relates to foams and particles made from such foams, for applications such as drug delivery. The foams or particles may comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable polymeric carrier. In some cases, the foams may include colloidal particulates. A first aspect of the present invention is generally related to polymer-based foams or particles containing pharmaceutically active agents. In some cases, the foam or particle may contain smaller colloidal particulates therein. Such colloidal particulates may be used, for example, to limit the amount of material within certain regions of the foam, or exclude pharmaceutically active agents from being located within certain portions of the foam, which may useful for enhancing release of pharmaceutically active agents from the foam. In some cases, the colloidal particulates may cause the foam or particle to have an unexpectedly high specific surface area. The foam, in certain embodiments, can exhibit a relatively high loading of the pharmaceutically active agent. The foam may be microcellular in certain instances. The foam may also be created using a supercritical fluid, for example, supercritical C02. For instance, a precursor to the foam, containing a pharmaceutically active agent, a pharmaceutically acceptable polymeric carrier, and colloidal particulates, can be mixed with a foaming agent. The pressure may then be decreased, thereby causing the foaming agent to expand and causing a foam to form. The foam may also be ground or milled, or otherwise processed, to form particles such as nanoparticles.
    • 本发明一般涉及由这种泡沫制成的泡沫和颗粒,用于诸如药物递送的应用。 泡沫或颗粒可以包含药学上可接受的聚合物载体。 在一些情况下,泡沫可以包括胶体颗粒。 本发明的第一方面通常涉及基于聚合物的泡沫或含有药物活性剂的颗粒。 在一些情况下,泡沫或颗粒中可含有较小的胶体颗粒。 这种胶体颗粒可以用于例如限制泡沫的某些区域内的物质的量,或者不排除药物活性剂位于泡沫的某些部分内,其可用于增强药物活性剂从 泡沫。 在一些情况下,胶体颗粒可能导致泡沫或颗粒具有出乎意料的高比表面积。 在某些实施方案中,泡沫体可以表现出相对高的药物活性剂的负载量。 泡沫在某些情况下可能是微孔的。 泡沫也可以使用超临界流体,例如超临界CO 2来产生。 例如,含有药物活性剂,药学上可接受的聚合物载体和胶体颗粒的泡沫的前体可与发泡剂混合。 然后可以降低压力,从而使发泡剂膨胀并引起泡沫形成。 泡沫也可以研磨或研磨或以其它方式处理,以形成颗粒如纳米颗粒。
    • 7. 发明申请
    • Aberration correction of optical traps
    • 光学陷阱的畸变校正
    • US20080316575A1
    • 2008-12-25
    • US12155503
    • 2008-06-05
    • Jennifer E. CurtisBrian A. KossDavid G. GrierKosta LadavacKaren Kasza
    • Jennifer E. CurtisBrian A. KossDavid G. GrierKosta LadavacKaren Kasza
    • G02F1/01G02B5/18G01B9/00
    • G02B21/32
    • A method and system for correcting aberrations in a beam of light including correcting for effects from an undiffracted portion of an input beam. The method and system includes (1) a component for providing a beam of light; (2) a component for applying a diffraction grating pattern to the beam of light to establish an optical gradient to form an optical trap; (3) component for measuring aberration in the beam of light having the applied diffraction grating pattern; (4) component for calculating a phase-shifting diffraction grating encoding the aberration; and (5) component for projecting the phase-shifting diffraction grating in conjunction with the diffraction grating pattern characteristic of the optical trap. The method and system also includes (1) providing an input beam of light; (2) applying a diffractive grating pattern to the input beam of light to establish a diffracted portion, apart from an undiffracted portion, to form at least one optical trap; (3) operating on both the diffracted portion and the undiffracted portion to bring the light to focus out of the focal plane; and (4) operating on the diffracted portion of the input beam of light (the optical trap) to modify focus of the diffracted portion relative to the undiffracted portion to bring the diffracted portion into focus in the focal plane.
    • 一种用于校正光束中的像差的方法和系统,包括校正来自输入光束的未衍射部分的效果。 该方法和系统包括(1)用于提供光束的部件; (2)用于将衍射光栅图案应用于光束以建立光学梯度以形成光阱的部件; (3)用于测量具有施加的衍射光栅图案的光束中的像差的分量; (4)分量,用于计算编码像差的相移衍射光栅; 以及(5)用于将相移衍射光栅与光阱的衍射光栅图案特性相结合的部件。 该方法和系统还包括(1)提供输入光束; (2)将衍射光栅图案施加到所述输入光束以建立远离未衍射部分的衍射部分,以形成至少一个光阱; (3)在衍射部分和未衍射部分上操作以使光聚焦在焦平面之外; 和(4)在输入光束(光阱)的衍射部分上操作,以改变衍射部分相对于未衍射部分的焦点,以使衍射部分在焦平面中聚焦。