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1. 发明申请

US20180219158A1 ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE WITH FERROELECTRIC DIPOLE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME 有权
公开(公告)号：US20180219158A1
公开(公告)日：2018-08-02
申请号：US15935284
申请日：2018-03-26
申请人： Kanwar Singh Nalwa , Sumit Chaudhary
发明人： Kanwar Singh Nalwa , Sumit Chaudhary
IPC分类号： H01L51/00 , H01L51/42
CPC分类号： H01L51/0035 , H01L51/0036 , H01L51/0037 , H01L51/424 , H01L51/4293 , H01L2251/308 , Y02E10/549
摘要： A method of fabricating an organic photovoltaic device. The method includes providing a first electrode which by applying a layer of conductive material onto a transparent substrate. The conductive material forms the first electrode. The method also includes placing an active layer of organic photovoltaic material on top of the first electrode. The active layer is configured to convert photonic energy into electrical energy. Placing an active layer of organic photovoltaic material includes placing an active layer of organic photovoltaic material having ferroelectric dipoles dispersed therein. The method further includes applying a second electrode on top of the active layer of organic photovoltaic material.

2. 发明授权

US10038142B1 Organic photovoltaic device with ferroelectric dipole and method of making same 有权
公开(公告)号：US10038142B1
公开(公告)日：2018-07-31
申请号：US15935284
申请日：2018-03-26
申请人： Kanwar Singh Nalwa , Sumit Chaudhary
发明人： Kanwar Singh Nalwa , Sumit Chaudhary
IPC分类号： H01L21/00 , H01L51/00 , H01L51/42
摘要： A method of fabricating an organic photovoltaic device. The method includes providing a first electrode which by applying a layer of conductive material onto a transparent substrate. The conductive material forms the first electrode. The method also includes placing an active layer of organic photovoltaic material on top of the first electrode. The active layer is configured to convert photonic energy into electrical energy. Placing an active layer of organic photovoltaic material includes placing an active layer of organic photovoltaic material having ferroelectric dipoles dispersed therein. The method further includes applying a second electrode on top of the active layer of organic photovoltaic material.

3. 发明授权

US09608898B2 Method and apparatus for performing multicast traces in MPLS networks 有权
公开(公告)号：US09608898B2
公开(公告)日：2017-03-28
申请号：US12850788
申请日：2010-08-05
申请人： Srikrishnan Venkataraman , Kanwar Singh , Pradeep G. Jain
发明人： Srikrishnan Venkataraman , Kanwar Singh , Pradeep G. Jain
IPC分类号： H04L12/761 , H04L12/753 , H04L12/18 , H04L12/723
CPC分类号： H04L45/16 , H04L12/18 , H04L45/48 , H04L45/50
摘要： A multicast path trace capability is provided for tracing a multicast path from a root node to a leaf node where the trace originates at the leaf node. The leaf node sends a multicast trace request to the root node. The root node receives the multicast trace request and initiates a path trace request for collecting path information associated with the multicast path. The root node receives at least one path trace response, in response to the path trace request, which includes path information associated with the multicast path. The root node sends a multicast trace response, including the collected path information, to the leaf node. The leaf node receives the multicast trace response including the path information. The leaf node derives end-to-end path information for the multicast path using the path information received in the multicast trace response. The multicast path trace capability may be used for tracing an MPLS multicast path (e.g., a P2MP LSP) from a root node to a leaf node of the MPLS multicast tree. The multicast path trace capability may be used for tracing multicast paths in other types of multicast networks.

4. 发明申请

US20140092722A1 SYSTEM AND METHOD PROVIDING STANDBY BYPASS FOR DOUBLE FAILURE PROTECTION IN MPLS NETWORK 有权
标题翻译：在MPLS网络中为双重故障保护提供备用旁路的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20140092722A1
公开(公告)日：2014-04-03
申请号：US13630908
申请日：2012-09-28
申请人： Pradeep Jain , Kanwar Singh , Srikrishnan Venkataraman
发明人： Pradeep Jain , Kanwar Singh , Srikrishnan Venkataraman
IPC分类号： H04L12/26
CPC分类号： H04L12/26 , H04L43/00 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/50
摘要： A method for providing a Backup Label Switched Path for a specified Bypass Label Switch Path is disclosed. The method for providing a Backup Label Switched Path for a specified Bypass Label Switch Path includes establishing a Bypass LSP having an end-to-end path; obtaining the nodes traversed by the end-to-end path; generating a request to a path calculator which using the nodes provided on the end-to-end path calculates a path disjoint to those nodes; and signaling the calculated disjoint path as a Backup LSP for the Bypass LSP. The method for providing a Backup Label Switched Path for a specified Bypass Label Switch Path provides protection advantages over systems known in the art by providing capability for handling double failure scenarios.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于为指定的旁路标签交换路径提供备份标签交换路径的方法。用于为指定的旁路标签交换路径提供备份标签交换路径的方法包括建立具有端到端路径的旁路LSP; 获取由端到端路径遍历的节点; 生成对使用提供在端到端路径上的节点的路径计算器的请求计算与这些节点不相交的路径; 并将计算出的不相交路径信令作为旁路LSP的备份LSP。用于为指定的旁路标签交换路径提供备份标签交换路径的方法通过提供处理双重故障情形的能力，提供了与本领域已知的系统相比的保护优点。

5. 发明申请

US20130230942A1 Organic Photovoltaic Device with Ferroelectric Dipole and Method of Making Same 有权
标题翻译：具有铁电偶极子的有机光伏器件及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US20130230942A1
公开(公告)日：2013-09-05
申请号：US13780697
申请日：2013-02-28
申请人： Kanwar Singh Nalwa , Sumit Chaudhary
发明人： Kanwar Singh Nalwa , Sumit Chaudhary
IPC分类号： H01L51/00
CPC分类号： H01L51/0035 , H01L51/0036 , H01L51/0037 , H01L51/424 , H01L51/4293 , H01L2251/308 , Y02E10/549
摘要： A method of fabricating an organic photovoltaic device. The method includes providing a first electrode which by applying a layer of conductive material onto a transparent substrate. The conductive material forms the first electrode. The method also includes placing an active layer of organic photovoltaic material on top of the first electrode. The active layer is configured to convert photonic energy into electrical energy. Placing an active layer of organic photovoltaic material includes placing an active layer of organic photovoltaic material having ferroelectric dipoles dispersed therein. The method further includes applying a second electrode on top of the active layer of organic photovoltaic material.
摘要翻译：一种制造有机光伏器件的方法。该方法包括提供通过将一层导电材料施加到透明基底上的第一电极。导电材料形成第一电极。该方法还包括在第一电极的顶部放置有机光伏材料的有源层。有源层被配置为将光子能转换成电能。放置有机光伏材料的有源层包括放置其中分散有铁电偶极子的有机光伏材料的有源层。该方法还包括在有机光伏材料的有源层的顶部上施加第二电极。

6. 发明授权

US09401442B2 Textured micrometer scale templates as light managing fabrication platform for organic solar cells 有权
标题翻译：纹理微米尺度模板作为有机太阳能电池的光管理制造平台
公开(公告)号：US09401442B2
公开(公告)日：2016-07-26
申请号：US13223351
申请日：2011-09-01
申请人： Sumit Chaudhary , Kai-Ming Ho , Joong-Mok Park , Kanwar Singh Nalwa , Wai Y. Leung
发明人： Sumit Chaudhary , Kai-Ming Ho , Joong-Mok Park , Kanwar Singh Nalwa , Wai Y. Leung
IPC分类号： H01L31/0232 , H01L31/0224 , H01L31/0236 , B82Y10/00 , H01L51/44 , H01L51/00 , H01L51/42
CPC分类号： H01L31/0236 , B82Y10/00 , H01L51/0036 , H01L51/0037 , H01L51/0047 , H01L51/4253 , H01L51/447 , Y02E10/549
摘要： A three-dimensional, microscale-textured, grating-shaped organic solar cell geometry. The solar cells are fabricated on gratings to give them a three-dimensional texture that provides enhanced light absorption. Introduction of microscale texturing has a positive effect on the overall power conversion efficiency of the devices. This grating-based solar cell having a grating of pre-determined pitch and height has shown improved power-conversion efficiency over a conventional flat solar cell. The improvement in efficiency is accomplished by homogeneous coverage of the grating with uniform thickness of the active layer, which is attributed to a sufficiently high pitch and low height of the underlying gratings. Also the microscale texturing leads to suppressed reflection of incident light due to the efficient coupling of the incident light into modes that are guided in the active layer.
摘要翻译：三维，微米纹理，格子状的有机太阳能电池几何。太阳能电池在光栅上制造，以给它们提供增强的光吸收的三维纹理。介绍微尺寸纹理对器件的整体功率转换效率有积极的影响。具有预定间距和高度的光栅的该基于光栅的太阳能电池已经显示出比传统平板太阳能电池提高的功率转换效率。效率的提高通过具有均匀厚度的有源层的光栅的均匀覆盖来实现，其归因于下面的光栅的足够高的间距和低的高度。此外，由于将入射光有效地耦合到在有源层中引导的模式，微尺度纹理导致入射光的抑制反射。

7. 发明申请

US20120033667A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING MULTICAST TRACES IN MPLS NETWORKS 有权
标题翻译：在MPLS网络中执行多播路由的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：US20120033667A1
公开(公告)日：2012-02-09
申请号：US12850788
申请日：2010-08-05
申请人： Srikrishnan Venkataraman , Kanwar Singh , Pradeep G. Jain
发明人： Srikrishnan Venkataraman , Kanwar Singh , Pradeep G. Jain
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/16 , H04L12/18 , H04L45/48 , H04L45/50
摘要： A multicast path trace capability is provided for tracing a multicast path from a root node to a leaf node where the trace originates at the leaf node. The leaf node sends a multicast trace request to the root node. The root node receives the multicast trace request and initiates a path trace request for collecting path information associated with the multicast path. The root node receives at least one path trace response, in response to the path trace request, which includes path information associated with the multicast path. The root node sends a multicast trace response, including the collected path information, to the leaf node. The leaf node receives the multicast trace response including the path information. The leaf node derives end-to-end path information for the multicast path using the path information received in the multicast trace response. The multicast path trace capability may be used for tracing an MPLS multicast path (e.g., a P2MP LSP) from a root node to a leaf node of the MPLS multicast tree. The multicast path trace capability may be used for tracing multicast paths in other types of multicast networks.
摘要翻译：提供了组播路径跟踪功能，用于跟踪从根节点到叶节点的组播路径，其中跟踪始于叶节点。叶节点向根节点发送组播跟踪请求。根节点接收组播跟踪请求，并发起路径跟踪请求，收集与组播路径相关的路径信息。根节点响应于包括与多播路径相关联的路径信息的路径跟踪请求，接收至少一个路径跟踪响应。根节点向叶节点发送包括收集的路径信息的组播跟踪响应。叶节点接收包括路径信息的组播跟踪响应。叶节点使用在多播跟踪响应中接收到的路径信息来导出多播路径的端到端路径信息。组播路径跟踪功能可以用于跟踪MPLS组播树的根节点到叶节点的MPLS组播路径（例如，P2MP LSP）。组播路径跟踪功能可用于跟踪其他类型组播网络中的组播路径。

8. 发明申请

US20070087453A1 Immuno conjugate and process for preparation thereof 审中-公开
标题翻译：免疫偶联物及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US20070087453A1
公开(公告)日：2007-04-19
申请号：US11252621
申请日：2005-10-19
申请人： Chander Suri , Jas Kaur , Kanwar Singh , Grish Varshney , Manoj Raje
发明人： Chander Suri , Jas Kaur , Kanwar Singh , Grish Varshney , Manoj Raje
IPC分类号： G01N33/551 , C07K16/46
CPC分类号： G01N33/532 , G01N33/5308 , G01N33/587
摘要： Present invention deals with a new immuno-reagent comprising hapten (MPAD)-protein-gold for pesticides detection. The conjugate MPAD-protein-gold competes with the analyte of interest for a finite number of binding sites provided by anti-atrazine antibodies coated on nitrocellulose membrane. The newly developed conjugate has a long shelf life with high stability at 4° C. The dynamic concentration range for standard atrazine solutions shows a linear inhibition (decrease in intensity of color) between 10 ppb to 1 ppm atrazine in water samples.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种包含用于农药检测的半抗原（MPAD） - 蛋白 - 金的新的免疫试剂。缀合物MPAD蛋白质 - 金与感兴趣的分析物与由硝酸纤维素膜上包被的抗莠去津抗体提供的有限数量的结合位点竞争。新开发的共轭物具有长的保质期，在4℃下具有高稳定性。标准莠去津溶液的动态浓度范围显示在水样中10ppm至1ppm莠去津之间的线性抑制（颜色强度降低）。

9. 发明申请

US20060268913A1 Streaming buffer system for variable sized data packets 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于可变大小数据包的流缓冲系统
公开(公告)号：US20060268913A1
公开(公告)日：2006-11-30
申请号：US11139070
申请日：2005-05-27
申请人： Kanwar Singh , Dhiraj Kumar
发明人： Kanwar Singh , Dhiraj Kumar
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04J3/24 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L49/9073 , H04L49/90 , H04L49/9042 , H04L69/12
摘要： A system for streaming incoming data packets into a buffer memory is presented. The system may receive incoming data packets over a variety of interfaces and separate the data packet into a header page and one or more data page. The system may interface with a header processor and send header pages to the header processor to be modified. Data pages from the incoming data packets are streamed to a central staging memory, allowing the use of a simple first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffer. The system may receive modified headers from the header processor and provide multiple copies of data packets for multicast or sampling purposes. Data packet copies may then be written to an external memory buffer over one or more external memory channels. The system may also provide an error recovery process to account for corrupt data packets streamed to the external memory buffer.
摘要翻译：提出了一种将输入数据包流入缓冲存储器的系统。系统可以通过各种接口接收输入数据分组，并将数据分组分离成头部页面和一个或多个数据页面。该系统可以与头部处理器接口，并将头部页面发送到头部处理器以进行修改。来自传入数据包的数据页被流传输到中央登记存储器，允许使用简单的先进先出（FIFO）缓冲区。该系统可以从报头处理器接收修改的报头，并提供数据分组的多个副本以进行多播或采样。然后可以通过一个或多个外部存储器通道将数据分组副本写入外部存储器缓冲器。该系统还可以提供错误恢复过程来解决流向外部存储器缓冲器的损坏的数据分组。

10. 发明授权

US08982691B2 System and method providing standby bypass for double failure protection in MPLS network 有权
标题翻译：在MPLS网络中提供双重故障保护的备用旁路的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US08982691B2
公开(公告)日：2015-03-17
申请号：US13630908
申请日：2012-09-28
申请人： Pradeep Jain , Kanwar Singh , Srikrishnan Venkataraman
发明人： Pradeep Jain , Kanwar Singh , Srikrishnan Venkataraman
IPC分类号： G01R31/08 , H04L12/26
CPC分类号： H04L12/26 , H04L43/00 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/50
摘要： A method for providing a Backup Label Switched Path for a specified Bypass Label Switch Path is disclosed. The method for providing a Backup Label Switched Path for a specified Bypass Label Switch Path includes establishing a Bypass LSP having an end-to-end path; obtaining the nodes traversed by the end-to-end path; generating a request to a path calculator which using the nodes provided on the end-to-end path calculates a path disjoint to those nodes; and signaling the calculated disjoint path as a Backup LSP for the Bypass LSP. The method for providing a Backup Label Switched Path for a specified Bypass Label Switch Path provides protection advantages over systems known in the art by providing capability for handling double failure scenarios.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于为指定的旁路标签交换路径提供备份标签交换路径的方法。用于为指定的旁路标签交换路径提供备份标签交换路径的方法包括建立具有端到端路径的旁路LSP; 获取由端到端路径遍历的节点; 生成对使用提供在端到端路径上的节点的路径计算器的请求计算与这些节点不相交的路径; 并将计算出的不相交路径信令作为旁路LSP的备份LSP。用于为指定的旁路标签交换路径提供备份标签交换路径的方法通过提供处理双重故障情形的能力，提供了与本领域已知的系统相比的保护优点。

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