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1. 发明授权

US07265591B1 CMOS driver with minimum shoot-through current 有权
公开(公告)号：US07265591B1
公开(公告)日：2007-09-04
申请号：US11304820
申请日：2005-12-16
申请人： Joseph G. Petrofsky
发明人： Joseph G. Petrofsky
IPC分类号： H03K3/00
CPC分类号： H03K3/356165 , H03K3/012
摘要： A CMOS driver with minimum shoot-through current is disclosed. The potential for shoot-through current may be eliminated or reduced with a break-before-make circuit driving an output stage. The break-before-make circuit may include a first logic element followed by a first inverter and a second logic element followed by a second inverter. The inverters may be cross-coupled to one another and/or the internal transistors may be configured with different strengths. The logic elements may be configured to eliminate or reduce potential shoot-through current paths, and the signal inputs may be controlled within a certain voltage range.

2. 发明授权

US07208984B1 CMOS driver with minimum shoot-through current 有权
标题翻译： CMOS驱动器具有最小的直通电流
公开(公告)号：US07208984B1
公开(公告)日：2007-04-24
申请号：US10891108
申请日：2004-07-15
申请人： Joseph G. Petrofsky
发明人： Joseph G. Petrofsky
CPC分类号： H03K3/356165 , H03K3/012
摘要： A CMOS driver with minimum shoot-through current is disclosed. The potential for shoot-through current may be eliminated or reduced with a break-before-make circuit driving an output stage. The break-before-make circuit may include a first logic element followed by a first inverter and a second logic element followed by a second inverter. The inverters may be cross-coupled to one another and/or the internal transistors may be configured with different strengths. The logic elements may be configured to eliminate or reduce potential shoot-through current paths, and the signal inputs may be controlled within a certain voltage range.
摘要翻译：公开了具有最小直通电流的CMOS驱动器。通过驱动输出级的断开电路可以消除或减少直通电流的可能性。间歇制造电路可以包括第一逻辑元件，其后面是第一反相器和第二逻辑元件，之后是第二反相器。反相器可以彼此交叉耦合和/或内部晶体管可以被配置为具有不同的强度。逻辑元件可以被配置为消除或减少潜在的直通电流路径，并且信号输入可以被控制在一定的电压范围内。

3. 发明授权

US06359576B1 Apparatus and methods for performing RMS-to-DC conversion with bipolar input signal range 有权
标题翻译：用双极性输入信号范围进行RMS到DC转换的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US06359576B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-19
申请号：US09411150
申请日：1999-10-01
申请人： Joseph G. Petrofsky
发明人： Joseph G. Petrofsky
IPC分类号： H03M300
CPC分类号： G01R19/02 , G06J1/00
摘要： The invention provides methods and apparatus for performing RMS-to-DC conversion of input signals that have a bipolar input signal range, the methods and apparatus providing an input-output transfer gain substantially equal to unity (1.0) or other integer value. Apparatus of the invention do not require a preceding absolute value circuit, and include a modulator and a demodulator that may be implemented on a single integrated circuit and may use switched-capacitor technology.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了用于执行具有双极性输入信号范围的输入信号的RMS到DC转换的方法和装置，所述方法和装置提供基本上等于（1）或其他整数值的输入 - 输出传输增益。本发明的装置不需要先前的绝对值电路，并且包括可以在单个集成电路上实现并且可以使用开关电容器技术的调制器和解调器。

4. 发明授权

US5573001A Ultrasonic receive beamformer with phased sub-arrays 失效
标题翻译：具有分相子阵列的超声波接收波束形成器
公开(公告)号：US5573001A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-12
申请号：US524993
申请日：1995-09-08
申请人： Joseph G. Petrofsky , Samuel H. Maslak , Christopher R. Cole
发明人： Joseph G. Petrofsky , Samuel H. Maslak , Christopher R. Cole
IPC分类号： G01S7/52 , G01S15/89 , G10K11/34 , A61B8/00
CPC分类号： G01S15/8927 , G01S7/52026 , G01S7/52046 , G10K11/345 , G10K11/346 , G01S15/8915 , G01S15/8993 , G01S15/8995 , G01S7/52028
摘要： An ultrasonic receive beamformer includes transducers forming receive signals that are applied to sub-array processors. Each sub-array processor includes at least one phase shifter and a summer, and each phase shifter is responsive to at least one of the transducer signals to shift the transducer signal by a respective phase angle and to apply the phase shifted transducer signals to the summer. Each of the summers supplies a summed sub-array signal to a respective beamformer processor. The phase angles for any one of the sub-array processors form a sum substantially equal to zero. Furthermore, the phase angles for any one of the sub-array processors are independent of the time delay of the respective digital beamformer processor. The time resolution of the time delay of the digital beamformer processors is substantially as fine as the time resolution of the phase angles of the phase shifters. The phase angles of the phase shifters are updated at a slower rate than the focusing update rate of the beamformer processors. Quadrature filter network and heterodyning circuit implementations of the phase shifters are disclosed.
摘要翻译：超声波接收波束形成器包括形成应用于子阵列处理器的接收信号的换能器。每个子阵列处理器包括至少一个移相器和加法器，并且每个移相器响应于至少一个换能器信号以将换能器信号移位各自的相位角，并将相移的换能器信号施加到夏季。每个加法器将相加的子阵列信号提供给相应的波束形成器处理器。任何一个子阵列处理器的相位角形成基本上等于零的和。此外，任何一个子阵列处理器的相位角独立于相应的数字波束形成处理器的时间延迟。数字波束形成处理器的时间延迟的时间分辨率基本上与移相器的相位角的时间分辨率一样好。移相器的相位角以比波束形成处理器的聚焦更新速率更慢的速度进行更新。公开了移相器的正交滤波器网络和外差电路实现。

5. 发明授权

US06501329B1 Adaptive filtering for improved RMS-to-DC signal conversion 有权
标题翻译：自适应滤波，用于改进RMS-DC信号转换
公开(公告)号：US06501329B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-31
申请号：US09713908
申请日：2000-11-16
申请人： Joseph G. Petrofsky , Robert C. Dobkin
发明人： Joseph G. Petrofsky , Robert C. Dobkin
IPC分类号： H03K500
CPC分类号： H03H17/0294 , H03H17/04
摘要： Adaptive filters are presented that dynamically adjust the level of filtering of signals output from a sigma-delta or noise-shaping pulse code modulator RMS-to-DC converter to efficiently remove noise to improve accuracy without unduly increasing conversion response time. The level of filtering is adjusted in accordance with criteria responsive to either input signal changes (e.g., variance), input signal frequency, or both. Filtering can be analog or digital.
摘要翻译：提出了自适应滤波器，其动态地调节从Σ-Δ或噪声整形脉冲编码调制器RMS到DC转换器输出的信号的滤波电平，以有效地去除噪声以提高精度，而不会不适当地增加转换响应时间。根据响应于输入信号变化（例如，方差），输入信号频率或两者的标准来调整滤波电平。过滤可以是模拟或数字。

6. 发明授权

US06587061B2 Analog computation circuits using synchronous demodulation and power meters and energy meters using the same 有权
标题翻译：使用同步解调和功率计的模拟计算电路和使用相同的能量计
公开(公告)号：US06587061B2
公开(公告)日：2003-07-01
申请号：US09898245
申请日：2001-07-03
申请人： Joseph G. Petrofsky
发明人： Joseph G. Petrofsky
IPC分类号： H03M300
CPC分类号： G06J1/00
摘要： The present invention relates to analog computation circuits that use a synchronous demodulator topology which can be configured to perform arithmetic computation, power measurements, and/or energy measurement of various analog signals. The computation circuits have circuitry that generates an output signal based on the values of a first input signal, a second input signal, and a reference signal. This invention provides accurate computation of two signals by using modulation circuitry (e.g., &Dgr;-&Sgr; modulation circuitry), demodulation circuitry (e.g., multiplying digital-to-analog converters), delay circuitry, and output circuitry.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及使用可被配置为执行各种模拟信号的算术计算，功率测量和/或能量测量的同步解调器拓扑的模拟计算电路。计算电路具有基于第一输入信号，第二输入信号和参考信号的值产生输出信号的电路。本发明通过使用调制电路（例如，DELTA-SIGMA调制电路），解调电路（例如，乘法数模转换器），延迟电路和输出电路来提供对两个信号的精确计算。

7. 发明授权

US06362677B1 Apparatus and methods for performing RMS-to-DC conversion utilizing clock dithering 有权
标题翻译：利用时钟抖动进行RMS到DC转换的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US06362677B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-26
申请号：US09735331
申请日：2000-12-12
申请人： Joseph G. Petrofsky
发明人： Joseph G. Petrofsky
IPC分类号： G06F7556
CPC分类号： G01R19/22 , G01R19/02 , G01R19/2509
摘要： The invention provides methods and apparatus for performing RMS-to-DC conversion in which the input signal is sampled using circuitry that includes a clock signal. The clock signal is dithered, however, to account for various problems that may occur, such as aliasing. The dithering may occur during the sampling prior to the conversion, such as when the input signal is converted to a digital signal prior to the conversion. Alternately, the dithering may occur as part of the RMS-to-DC conversion.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了用于执行RMS到DC转换的方法和装置，其中使用包括时钟信号的电路对输入信号进行采样。然而，时钟信号是抖动的，以解决可能发生的各种问题，例如混叠。抖动可以在转换之前的采样期间发生，例如当转换之前输入信号被转换成数字信号时。或者，抖动可能作为RMS到DC转换的一部分发生。

8. 发明授权

US5724972A Method and apparatus for distributed focus control with slope tracking 失效
标题翻译：用于具有坡度跟踪的分布式聚焦控制的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5724972A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-10
申请号：US640550
申请日：1996-05-02
申请人： Joseph G. Petrofsky
发明人： Joseph G. Petrofsky
IPC分类号： G01S15/89 , G10K11/34 , A61B8/00
CPC分类号： G10K11/346 , G01S15/8918
摘要： To overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for distributed focus control with slope tracking. The invention operates in the context of an ultrasonic imaging system having an array of transducers. Each transducer converts received energy into an echo signal. A beamformer of the invention dynamically focuses the received energy. The beamformer includes delay computation circuitry for computing a delay function for the echo signal at a predetermined focal range. The delay of the echo signal with respect to range has a slope. Tracking circuitry varies the delay function to track the slope, thereby determining the delay function for a next focal range. The beamformer further comprises delay circuitry for compensating for the delay function of the echo signal. The delay function is an estimated relative delay with respect to a reference delay of an echo signal from a reference transducer. Alternatively, the delay function is a compensating delay adapted to be applied to the echo signal of the transducer for which the delay function is being computed. In another embodiment, the beamformer includes decision circuitry for selecting an update value from a set of update values. Delay computation circuitry updates a delay function of the echo signal for a predetermined focal range by the selected update value to thereby provide a delay function for a next focal range. Tracking circuitry varies the plurality of update values as a function of range. In yet another embodiment, decision circuitry selects an update value from a set of update values, where the set includes a first update value and the first update value modified by a change value. The first update value can be nonzero. Delay computation circuitry updates a delay function of the echo signal for a predetermined focal range by the selected update value to thereby provide a delay function for a next focal range.
摘要翻译：为了克服现有技术的缺点，本发明提供了一种用于具有斜率跟踪的分布式聚焦控制的方法和装置。本发明在具有换能器阵列的超声成像系统的上下文中工作。每个传感器将接收到的能量转换成回波信号。本发明的波束形成器动态地聚焦所接收的能量。波束形成器包括延迟计算电路，用于计算在预定焦距范围内的回波信号的延迟函数。回波信号相对于范围的延迟具有斜率。跟踪电路改变跟踪斜率的延迟功能，从而确定下一个焦距范围的延迟功能。波束形成器还包括用于补偿回波信号的延迟功能的延迟电路。延迟函数是相对于来自参考换能器的回波信号的参考延迟的估计的相对延迟。或者，延迟函数是适于施加到正在计算延迟函数的换能器的回波信号的补偿延迟。在另一个实施例中，波束形成器包括用于从一组更新值中选择更新值的判定电路。延迟计算电路通过所选择的更新值更新预定焦距范围内的回波信号的延迟功能，从而为下一个焦点范围提供延迟功能。跟踪电路根据范围改变多个更新值。在另一个实施例中，决策电路从一组更新值中选择更新值，其中该集合包括第一更新值和由改变值修改的第一更新值。第一个更新值可以是非零。延迟计算电路通过所选择的更新值更新预定焦距范围内的回波信号的延迟功能，从而为下一个焦点范围提供延迟功能。

9. 发明授权

US5676147A Ultrasonic receive beamformer with phased sub-arrays 失效
标题翻译：具有分相子阵列的超声波接收波束形成器
公开(公告)号：US5676147A
公开(公告)日：1997-10-14
申请号：US698976
申请日：1996-08-16
申请人： Joseph G. Petrofsky , Samuel H. Maslak , Christopher R. Cole
发明人： Joseph G. Petrofsky , Samuel H. Maslak , Christopher R. Cole
IPC分类号： G01S7/52 , G01S15/89 , G10K11/34 , A61B8/00
CPC分类号： G01S15/8927 , G01S7/52026 , G01S7/52046 , G10K11/345 , G10K11/346 , G01S15/8915 , G01S15/8993 , G01S15/8995 , G01S7/52028
摘要： An ultrasonic receive beamformer includes transducers forming receive signals that are applied to sub-array processors. Each sub-array processor includes at least one phase shifter and a summer, and each phase shifter is responsive to at least one of the transducer signals to shift the transducer signal by a respective phase angle and to apply the phase shifted transducer signals to the summer. Each of the summers supplies a summed sub-array signal to a respective beamformer processor. The phase angles for any one of the sub-array processors form a sum substantially equal to zero. Furthermore, the phase angles for any one of the sub-array processors are independent of the time delay of the respective digital beamformer processor. The time resolution of the time delay of the digital beamformer processors is substantially as fine as the time resolution of the phase angles of the phase shifters. The phase angles of the phase shifters are updated at a slower rate than the focusing update rate of the beamformer processors. Quadrature filter network and heterodyning circuit implementations of the phase shifters are disclosed.
摘要翻译：超声波接收波束形成器包括形成应用于子阵列处理器的接收信号的换能器。每个子阵列处理器包括至少一个移相器和加法器，并且每个移相器响应于至少一个换能器信号以将换能器信号移位各自的相位角，并将相移的换能器信号施加到夏季。每个加法器将相加的子阵列信号提供给相应的波束形成器处理器。任何一个子阵列处理器的相位角形成基本上等于零的和。此外，任何一个子阵列处理器的相位角独立于相应的数字波束形成处理器的时间延迟。数字波束形成处理器的时间延迟的时间分辨率基本上与移相器的相位角的时间分辨率一样好。移相器的相位角以比波束形成处理器的聚焦更新速率更慢的速度进行更新。公开了移相器的正交滤波器网络和外差电路实现。

10. 发明授权

US5555534A Method and apparatus for doppler receive beamformer system 失效
标题翻译：多普勒接收波束形成系统的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5555534A
公开(公告)日：1996-09-10
申请号：US433916
申请日：1995-05-02
申请人： Samuel H. Maslak , Christopher R. Cole , Joseph G. Petrofsky
发明人： Samuel H. Maslak , Christopher R. Cole , Joseph G. Petrofsky
IPC分类号： G01B17/00 , A61B8/00 , G01B17/06 , G01N29/06 , G01S13/90 , G01S15/89 , G03B42/06
CPC分类号： G01S15/8979 , G01S15/8927
摘要： An ultrasonic receive system includes two receive beamformers. A first receive beamformer is optimized for imaging modes such as B-mode and color Doppler flow imaging, and therefore has high spatial resolution and wide bandwidth, while the accompanying second receive beamformer has a wide dynamic range and is dedicated for use in acquiring spectral Doppler information, which is typically narrowband compared to imaging information. The second receive beamformer achieves the sensitivity and low-noise performance of a dedicated single-channel pencil probe instrument yet it also performs electronic beam steering. Both receive beamformers can operate through a common transducer array, thereby increasing exam efficiency and permitting registration of spectral Doppler information with a B-mode or color Doppler flow image.
摘要翻译：超声波接收系统包括两个接收波束形成器。第一个接收波束形成器针对诸如B模式和彩色多普勒成像的成像模式进行了优化，因此具有高空间分辨率和宽带宽，而伴随的第二个接收波束形成器具有宽动态范围，专用于获取频谱多普勒信息，与成像信息相比通常是窄带的。第二个接收波束形成器实现了专用的单通道铅笔探针仪的灵敏度和低噪声性能，但它也执行电子束转向。两个接收波束形成器都可以通过公共的换能器阵列进行操作，从而提高检查效率并允许使用B模式或彩色多普勒流图像对频谱多普勒信息进行注册。

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