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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Sulphonation of phenols
    • US06936732B2
    • 2005-08-30
    • US10490361
    • 2002-09-18
    • Jonathan Simon HillBernard CapaiCarlo Neri
    • Jonathan Simon HillBernard CapaiCarlo Neri
    • C07C303/08C07C309/42C07C309/44C07C309/00
    • C07C303/08C07C309/42C07C309/44
    • A process for the preparation of sulphonated phenols of general formula (I) where R1 is hydrogen, a C1-C20 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C20 alkoxy, C2-C20 alkoxycarbonyl, acyloxy and/or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy and/or halogen, R2 is hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl or benzoyl of general formula (II) where R3 and R4 independently of one another are each hydrogen, halogen, C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C4-C12 cycloalkylalkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, or hydroxyethyl or are each phenoxy, C7-C10 phenylalkyl or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy and/or halogen, and R5 is hydrogen or the group SO3X where X can be hydrogen, a monovalent metal or a group —N(R6)3, where each of the three radicals R6 can be independently of one another hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 hydroxy alkyl, which process comprises reacting a phenol of general formula (III) where R1 and R2 are as defined above, with a halosulphonic acid in a solvent which is a mixture of a C5-C10 aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon and a dialkyl carbonate of general formula (IV) R7—O—CO—O—R8 where R7 and R8 each represent independently a C1-C4 alkyl group
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Production of phosphate esters
    • 生产磷酸酯
    • US06232485B1
    • 2001-05-15
    • US09341010
    • 1999-11-26
    • Tracy Anne DerbyshireHazel May FarrowJonathan Simon Hill
    • Tracy Anne DerbyshireHazel May FarrowJonathan Simon Hill
    • C07F912
    • C07C37/48C07C37/14C07F9/12C07C39/06
    • A process for the production of liquid meta-rich triaryl phosphate esters having low triphenyl phosphate content and low viscosity comprises (a) an alkylation stage wherein a phenol is reacted with an olefin having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the presence of a strong acid catalyst to give a reaction product comprising a mixture of meta and para alkylated phenols; and (b) a transalkylation stage wherein the mixture of alkylated phenols from the alkylation stage is heated in the presence of a strong acid catalyst to increase the meta isomer content of the mixture to at least 25% whilst maintaining a phenol level below 22%; and (c) a phosphorylation stage wherein the mixture of alkylated phenols from the transalkylation stage is reacted with a phosphorylating agent; and wherein the strong acid catalyst used in stages (a) and (b) is a Bronsted acid having an acid strength of less than zero. Preferred catalysts are activated clays such as bentonite, montmorillonite or Fullers Earth clay. The alkylation and transalkylation are conducted at temperatures between 100° C. and 200° C., preferable 150° C. and 180° C.
    • 制备具有低三苯基磷酸盐含量和低粘度的液体富含富马酸三芳基磷酸酯的方法包括(a)在强酸催化剂存在下苯酚与具有2至12个碳原子的烯烃反应的烷基化阶段 得到包含间位和对位烷基化酚的混合物的反应产物; 和(b)烷基转移步骤,其中烷基化阶段的烷基化酚在强酸催化剂存在下被加热,以将混合物的间位异构体含量增加至至少25%,同时保持苯酚含量低于22%。 和(c)磷酸化阶段,其中来自烷基转移反应的烷基化酚的混合物与磷酸化剂反应; 并且其中阶段(a)和(b)中使用的强酸催化剂是酸强度小于零的布朗斯台德酸。 优选的催化剂是活性粘土,例如膨润土,蒙脱石或富勒斯土粘土。 烷基化和烷基转移在100℃和200℃之间的温度下进行,优选150℃和180℃。