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1. 发明授权

US5560439A Method and apparatus for reducing the vibration and whirling of drill bits and the bottom hole assembly in drilling used to drill oil and gas wells 失效
标题翻译：用于钻井和钻井的钻头和井底组件的振动和旋转的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5560439A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-01
申请号：US424139
申请日：1995-04-17
申请人： Robert A. Delwiche , Hwa-Shan Ho
发明人： Robert A. Delwiche , Hwa-Shan Ho
IPC分类号： E21B17/10
CPC分类号： E21B17/1078 , E21B17/1014
摘要： A pair of stabilizers are placed in a string of drill pipe having a drill bit or a coring bit at its lower end, the placement of the stabilizers being such that the distance (d1) between the midpoint (mean transverse section) of the gauge surface of the bit and the midpoint (mean transverse section) of such first stabilizer bears a relationship to the distance (d2) between the midpoints of the two stabilizers. The ratio of d1 to d2 (d1/d2) should be between 1/1.5 to 1/5, and preferably between 1/2 and 1/3, with d1 being maintained less than five feet, preferably less than three feet. In one embodiment, the drill bit and the two stabilizers are formed in a monoblock.
摘要翻译：将一对稳定器放置在其下端具有钻头或取芯钻头的钻杆的管柱中，稳定器的放置使得量规表面的中点（平均横截面）之间的距离（d1）这些第一稳定器的中点（平均横截面）与两个稳定器的中点之间的距离（d2）有关系。 d1与d2的比值（d1 / d2）应在1 / 1.5至1/5之间，优选在1/2至1/3之间，其中d1保持小于5英尺，优选小于3英尺。在一个实施例中，钻头和两个稳定器形成为整体。

2. 发明授权

US5431046A Compliance-based torque and drag monitoring system and method 失效
标题翻译：基于合规性的扭矩和拖曳监测系统及方法
公开(公告)号：US5431046A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-11
申请号：US195211
申请日：1994-02-14
申请人： Hwa-Shan Ho
发明人： Hwa-Shan Ho
IPC分类号： E21B44/00 , E21B44/04 , E21B47/08
CPC分类号： E21B44/00 , E21B44/04
摘要： A drilling torque and drag monitoring method for a drillstring in a well bore including the steps of measuring hook load and axial displacement of the drillstring, measuring surface torque and angular position of the drillstring, correlating the hook load with the axial displacement of the drillstring so as to produce a first graphical relationship, correlating the surface torque and the angular position measurements of the drillstring so as to produce a second graphical relationship, and comparing the first and second graphical relationships so as to determine a contact resistance between the drillstring and the well bore. These relationships can be used independently or jointly so as to determine the condition of contact resistance. The method includes the step of identifying a slope discontinuity along the graphical curve. This slope discontinuity is indicative of a contact resistance. When the slope discontinuity is a curved segment, then the curvature of the curved segment is computed so as to be representative of a magnitude of a distributed contact resistance along the area of contact between the drillstring and the well bore. An instantaneous axial or rotational compliance can be determined at a point along the slope of the graphical representations. The depth of the area of contact can be computed based upon the instantaneous axial or rotational compliance relative to a given surface axial location or a given surface torque applied to the drillstring.
摘要翻译：用于井筒钻井的钻井力矩和阻力监测方法，包括测量钻柱的钩荷和轴向位移，测量钻柱的表面扭矩和角位置的步骤，使钩荷与钻柱的轴向位移相关联为了产生第一图形关系，使得钻柱的表面扭矩和角位置测量值相关联以产生第二图形关系，并且比较第一和第二图形关系，以便确定钻柱和井之间的接触电阻孔。这些关系可以单独使用或联合使用，以确定接触电阻的状况。该方法包括沿图形曲线识别斜率不连续性的步骤。该斜率不连续性表示接触电阻。当斜率不连续性是弯曲段时，则计算弯曲段的曲率，以便代表沿着钻柱和井眼之间的接触区域的分布接触电阻的大小。可以沿着图形表示的斜率的点确定瞬时轴向或旋转顺应性。可以基于相对于给定表面轴向位置或施加到钻柱的给定表面扭矩的瞬时轴向或旋转顺应度来计算接触面积的深度。

3. 发明授权

US4972703A Method of predicting the torque and drag in directional wells 失效
标题翻译：方向井预测扭矩和阻力的方法
公开(公告)号：US4972703A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-27
申请号：US365192
申请日：1989-06-12
申请人： Hwa-shan Ho
发明人： Hwa-shan Ho
IPC分类号： E21B7/04 , E21B44/00 , E21B47/00
CPC分类号： E21B44/00 , E21B44/005 , E21B47/0006 , E21B7/04
摘要： A method is provided for generating an improved torque-drag model for at least the collar portion of the drill string in a directional oil or gas well. The techniques of the present invention determine the stiffness of incremental portions of the drill string, and uses this information, the borehole clearance, and the borehole trajectory to determine the contact locations between the drill string and the sidewalls of the well. The contact force at these determined locations can be calculated, taking into consideration all significant kinemataic, esternal, and internal forces acting on that incremental portion of the drill string. More acurate torque-drag analysis provided by the improved model of the present invention assists in well planning, prediction, and control, assists in avoiding drilling problems, and reduces total costs for the well.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于产生用于至少在定向油或气井中的钻柱的套环部分的改进的扭矩阻力模型的方法。本发明的技术确定钻柱的增量部分的刚度，并且使用该信息，井眼间隙和钻孔轨迹来确定钻柱和井的侧壁之间的接触位置。考虑到作用在钻柱的该增量部分上的所有重要的运动，外力和内力，可以计算这些确定位置处的接触力。通过本发明改进的模型提供的更加精确的扭矩 - 阻力分析有助于井下规划，预测和控制，有助于避免钻井问题，并降低井的总成本。

4. 发明授权

US4662458A Method and apparatus for bottom hole measurement 失效
标题翻译：井底测量方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4662458A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-05
申请号：US790342
申请日：1985-10-23
申请人： Hwa-shan Ho
发明人： Hwa-shan Ho
IPC分类号： E21B7/04 , E21B7/08 , E21B44/00 , E21B47/00 , E21B47/022 , E21B47/12
CPC分类号： E21B47/0006 , E21B44/00 , E21B47/022 , E21B7/04
摘要： A method and apparatus for obtaining complete loading on a drill bit at the end of a drill string in a borehole employ at least three rosette strain gauges uniformly disposed on an instrument sub to measure torque and axial force on the sub, two bending moments in mutually perpendicular directions, and two shear forces in mutually perpendicular directions. These measurements are used to obtain torque on bit, weight on bit, two side forces on the bit normal to each other, and two bending moments on the bit normal to each other which, in turn, can be used to control the bit movement.
摘要翻译：用于在钻孔中的钻柱端部获得钻头完全加载的方法和装置使用均匀地设置在仪器副上的至少三个玫瑰花应变计，以在相互之间测量扭矩和轴向力，两个弯矩垂直方向和两个相互垂直方向的剪切力。这些测量用于获得钻头上的扭矩，钻头上的重量，彼此垂直的钻头上的两个侧向力，以及彼此垂直的钻头上的两个弯矩，这又可用于控制钻头移动。

5. 发明授权

US4848144A Method of predicting the torque and drag in directional wells 失效
标题翻译：方向井预测扭矩和阻力的方法
公开(公告)号：US4848144A
公开(公告)日：1989-07-18
申请号：US253075
申请日：1988-10-03
申请人： Hwa-Shan Ho
发明人： Hwa-Shan Ho
IPC分类号： E21B7/04 , E21B44/00 , E21B47/00
CPC分类号： E21B44/00 , E21B44/005 , E21B47/0006 , E21B7/04
摘要： A method is provided for generating an improved torque-drag model for at least the collar portion of the drill string in a directional oil or gas well. The technique of the present invention determine the stiffness of incremental portions of the drill string, and uses this information, the borehole clearance, and the borehole trajectory to determine the contact locations between the drill string and the sidewalls of the well. The contact force at these determined locations can be calculated, taking into consideration all significant kinematic, external, and internal forces acting on that incremental portion of the drill string. More acurate torque-drag analysis provided by the improved model of the present invention assists in well planning, prediction, and control, assists in avoiding drilling problems, and reduces total costs for the well.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于产生用于至少在定向油或气井中的钻柱的套环部分的改进的扭矩阻力模型的方法。本发明的技术确定钻柱的增量部分的刚度，并且使用该信息，井眼间隙和钻孔轨迹来确定钻柱和井的侧壁之间的接触位置。考虑到作用在钻柱的该增量部分上的所有重要的运动学，外力和内力，可以计算这些确定位置处的接触力。通过本发明改进的模型提供的更加精确的扭矩 - 阻力分析有助于井下规划，预测和控制，有助于避免钻井问题，并降低井的总成本。

6. 发明授权

US5608162A Method and system of trajectory prediction and control using PDC bits 失效
标题翻译：使用PDC位的轨迹预测和控制方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US5608162A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-04
申请号：US502117
申请日：1995-07-13
申请人： Hwa-Shan Ho
发明人： Hwa-Shan Ho
IPC分类号： B23P15/28 , E21B7/06 , E21B10/00 , B21K5/02 , E21B7/04 , E21B44/00
CPC分类号： E21B7/06 , B23P15/28 , E21B10/00 , E21B7/064
摘要： A method of forming a PDC drilling bit including the steps of imposing a side drilling direction on the bit, determining a total bit side force acting on the bit, computing a walk angle between the total side force and the side drilling direction, and modifying a configuration of cutters on the profile of the bit so as to change the walk angle to a desired angle. The step of determining a total side force includes the steps of determining a normal side force of the bit, computing a total cutter friction force, and combining the normal side force and the total cutter friction force so as to produce a total side force. The total cutter friction force is obtained by summing single cutter forces perpendicular to a direction of cut of the bit. The step of imposing a side drilling direction includes measuring a normal side force applied to the bit. The modification of the bit can be carried out by increasing or reducing the aggressiveness of the cutters facing outwardly on an outer surface of the bit or by replacing cutters on the bit with low friction pads.
摘要翻译：一种形成PDC钻头的方法，包括以下步骤：在钻头上施加侧钻方向，确定作用在钻头上的总钻头侧力，计算总侧力和侧钻方向之间的行走角度，以及修改在刀头轮廓上配置刀具，以便将走刀角度改变到所需的角度。确定总侧力的步骤包括以下步骤：确定钻头的法向侧力，计算总刀具摩擦力，以及组合法向侧力和总切削摩擦力，以产生总侧力。总刀具摩擦力通过将垂直于钻头切割方向的单个切削力相加而获得。施加侧面钻孔方向的步骤包括测量施加到钻头的正常侧向力。可以通过增加或减少在钻头的外表面上面向外的切割器的侵蚀性或者通过用低摩擦垫替换钻头上的切割器来进行钻头的修改。

7. 发明授权

US4804051A Method of predicting and controlling the drilling trajectory in directional wells 失效
标题翻译：定向井钻井轨迹预测与控制方法
公开(公告)号：US4804051A
公开(公告)日：1989-02-14
申请号：US100912
申请日：1987-09-25
申请人： Hwa-Shan Ho
发明人： Hwa-Shan Ho
IPC分类号： E21B7/04 , E21B7/08 , E21B44/00 , E21B47/022
CPC分类号： E21B7/04 , E21B44/00 , E21B47/022
摘要： The methods disclosed herein incorporate the basic concepts and methodologies of a new general rock-bit interaction model useful in predicting and controlling drilling trajectories in directional (and deep vertical) wells. It accounts for the anisotropic drilling characteristics of both the formation and the bit. The model is developed in a 3-D geometry. Therefore, it is capable of predicting the walk tendency and the build-drop tendency of a given BHA (bottomhole assembly) under any drilling condition. The model can be used in the forward mode to predict the drilling direction; in the inverse mode to generate the rock and bit anisotrophy indices; and in the log-generation mode to generate drilling logs, such as a drilling dip log.
摘要翻译：这里公开的方法结合了用于预测和控制定向（和深垂直）井中的钻井轨迹的新的通用岩石 - 位相互作用模型的基本概念和方法。它考虑了地层和钻头的各向异性钻井特性。该模型以三维几何形式开发。因此，能够预测在任何钻井条件下给定的BHA（井底组件）的走向倾向和建造倾向。该模型可用于向前模式预测钻井方向; 在逆模式下产生岩石和位各向异性指数; 并在日志生成模式下生成钻井日志，如钻井日志。

8. 发明授权

US5465799A System and method for precision downhole tool-face setting and survey measurement correction 失效
标题翻译：精密井下工具面设置和测量测量校正的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5465799A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-14
申请号：US231817
申请日：1994-04-25
申请人： Hwa-Shan Ho
发明人： Hwa-Shan Ho
IPC分类号： E21B7/04 , E21B47/00 , E21B47/024 , E21B7/08
CPC分类号： E21B7/04 , E21B47/0006 , E21B47/024
摘要： A method determining a tool face angle of a downhole drilling assembly in a well bore including the steps of determining an apparent tool face angle, measuring torque at least at one downhole axial location along the drillstring in the well bore, correlating a change in the apparent tool face angle relative to a change in the torque so as to produce a graphical curve of the correlation, and identifying a slope discontinuity along the graphical curve. The slope discontinuity is indicative of a contact resistance between the drillstring and the well bore. This method further includes the steps of determining a differential twist angle from the graphical curve and inferring a true tool face angle by subtracting the differential twist angle from the apparent tool face angle. The step of determining the apparent tool face angle includes measuring the inclination angle and azimuth angle of the well bore. The torque is measured at substantially the same axial location as the apparent tool face angle. The torque or rotation applied to the drillstring is adjusted so as to obtain a desired true tool face angle.
摘要翻译：一种确定井下钻井组件在井眼中的工具面角的方法，包括以下步骤：确定表面工具面角度，至少在井眼中的钻柱处的至少一个井下轴向位置处测量扭矩，将表观中的变化相关联相对于扭矩变化的工具面角度，以产生相关性的图形曲线，以及沿着图形曲线识别斜率不连续性。斜率不连续性表示钻柱和井眼之间的接触电阻。该方法还包括以下步骤：从图形曲线确定差分扭转角，并通过从表观工具面角度减去差分扭转角来推断真实的工具面角度。确定表观工具面角度的步骤包括测量井眼的倾斜角和方位角。在与表观工具面角度基本相同的轴向位置处测量扭矩。调整施加到钻柱的扭矩或旋转，以获得期望的真实的工具面角度。

9. 发明授权

US5456141A Method and system of trajectory prediction and control using PDC bits 失效
标题翻译：使用PDC位的轨迹预测和控制方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US5456141A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-10
申请号：US151102
申请日：1993-11-12
申请人： Hwa-Shan Ho
发明人： Hwa-Shan Ho
IPC分类号： B23P15/28 , E21B7/06 , E21B10/00 , B21K5/02
CPC分类号： E21B7/06 , B23P15/28 , E21B10/00 , E21B7/064
摘要： A method of forming a PDC drilling bit including the steps of imposing a side drilling direction on the bit, determining a total bit side force acting on the bit, computing a walk angle between the total side force and the side drilling direction, and modifying a configuration of cutters on the profile of the bit so as to change the walk angle to a desired angle. The step of determining a total side force includes the steps of determining a normal side force of the bit, computing a total cutter friction force, and combining the normal side force and the total cutter friction force so as to produce a total side force. The total cutter friction force is obtained by summing single cutter forces perpendicular to a direction of cut of the bit. The step of imposing a side drilling direction includes measuring a normal side force applied to the bit. The modification of the bit can be carried out by increasing or reducing the aggressiveness of the cutters facing outwardly on an outer surface of the bit or by replacing cutters on the bit with low friction pads.
摘要翻译：一种形成PDC钻头的方法，包括以下步骤：在钻头上施加侧钻方向，确定作用在钻头上的总钻头侧力，计算总侧力和侧钻方向之间的行走角度，以及修改在刀头轮廓上配置刀具，以便将走刀角度改变到所需的角度。确定总侧力的步骤包括以下步骤：确定钻头的法向侧力，计算总刀具摩擦力，以及组合法向侧力和总切削摩擦力，以产生总侧力。总刀具摩擦力通过将垂直于钻头切割方向的单个切削力相加而获得。施加侧面钻孔方向的步骤包括测量施加到钻头的正常侧向力。可以通过增加或减少在钻头的外表面上面向外的切割器的侵蚀性或者通过用低摩擦垫替换钻头上的切割器来进行钻头的修改。

10. 发明授权

US5358059A Apparatus and method for the dynamic measurement of a drill string employed in drilling 失效
标题翻译：用于钻井中使用的钻柱的动态测量的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5358059A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-25
申请号：US126657
申请日：1993-09-27
申请人： Hwa-Shan Ho
发明人： Hwa-Shan Ho
IPC分类号： E21B44/00 , E21B47/00 , E21B49/00 , E21B47/12
CPC分类号： E21B44/00 , E21B47/00 , E21B49/003
摘要： An apparatus and method for use in determining drilling conditions in a borehole in the earth having a drill string, a drill bit connected to an end of the drill string, sensors positioned in a cross-section of the drill string axially spaced from the drill bit, and a processor interactive with the sensors so as to produce a humanly perceivable indication of a rotating and whirling motion of the drill string. The sensors serve to carry out kinematic measurements and force resultant measurements of the drill string. The sensors are a plurality of accelerometers positioned at the cross-section. The sensors can also includes a plurality of orthogonally-oriented triplets of magnetometers. A second group of sensors is positioned in spaced relationship to the first group of sensors along the drill string. The second group of sensors is interactive with the first group of sensors so as to infer a tilting of an axis of the drill string.
摘要翻译：一种用于确定地球钻孔中的钻井条件的装置和方法，所述钻井条件具有钻柱，连接到钻柱的端部的钻头，位于钻柱的横截面中的传感器，其与钻头轴向间隔开以及与所述传感器交互的处理器，以便产生所述钻柱的旋转和旋转运动的人为可感知的指示。这些传感器用于进行运动学测量并迫使钻柱的结果测量。传感器是位于横截面处的多个加速度计。传感器还可以包括多个正交取向的磁力计三重体。第二组传感器沿着钻柱与第一组传感器间隔开定位。第二组传感器与第一组传感器交互，以推断钻柱的轴线的倾斜。

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