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    • 3. 发明授权
    • Process for phosphating metallic surfaces
    • 金属表面磷化处理
    • US5401381A
    • 1995-03-28
    • US129163
    • 1993-10-06
    • Reinhard SeidelHorst-Dieter SpeckmannKarl-Dieter BrandsGerard VeldmanRaschad Mady
    • Reinhard SeidelHorst-Dieter SpeckmannKarl-Dieter BrandsGerard VeldmanRaschad Mady
    • C25D11/36
    • C25D11/36
    • A process is disclosed for phosphating metallic surfaces, particularly electrolytically or hot dipped galvanized steel strip surfaces, by dip or spray processing the metallic surfaces with acidic aqueous phosphating solutions, wherein the workpieces are cathodically treated at the same time with a direct current. The process is characterized by (a) the use of phosphating solutions that contain the following components: Zn.sup.+2 cations in a range from 0.1 to 5 g/l; PO.sub.4.sup.-3 anions in a range from 5 to 50 g/l; NO.sub.3.sup.- anions in a range from 0.1 to 50 g/l; as well as Ni.sup.+2 cations in a range from 0.1 to 5 g/l and/or Co.sup.+2 cations in a range from 0.1 to 5 g/l; (b) the observance of the following conditions: pH value of the phosphating solutions in a range from 1.5 to 4.5; temperature of the phosphating solutions in a range from 10.degree. to 80.degree. C.; duration of treatment in a range from 1 to 300 sec, (c) simultaneous cathodic treatment of the workpiece during phosphating with a direct current having a density in the range from 0.01 to 100 mA/cm.sup.2.
    • PCT No.PCT / EP92 / 00703 Sec。 371日期:1993年10月6日 102(e)日期1993年10月6日PCT 1991年3月30日PCT公布。 出版物WO92 / 17628 PCT 公开了一种用于磷酸化金属表面,特别是电解或热浸镀锌钢带表面的方法,通过用酸性磷酸盐水溶液浸渍或喷涂处理金属表面,其中工件同时进行阴极处理 用直流电。 该方法的特征在于:(a)使用含有以下组分的磷酸盐溶液:Zn + 2阳离子在0.1至5g / l的范围内; PO4-3阴离子的范围为5〜50g / l; NO3-阴离子在0.1至50g / l的范围内; 以及0.1-5g / l范围内的Ni + 2阳离子和0.1-5g / l范围内的/或Co +2阳离子; (b)遵守以下条件:磷酸盐溶液的pH值在1.5至4.5的范围内; 磷酸盐溶液的温度在10℃至80℃的范围内。 处理持续时间在1至300秒的范围内,(c)在磷酸盐化期间以0.01至100mA / cm 2的密度范围内的直流电同时对工件进行阴极处理。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Preparation of porous active yeast granules
    • 多孔活性酵母颗粒的制备
    • US4335144A
    • 1982-06-15
    • US226146
    • 1981-01-19
    • Franz-Josef CarduckDietrich KloetzerGerard Veldman
    • Franz-Josef CarduckDietrich KloetzerGerard Veldman
    • C12N1/04C12C11/18C12C11/32
    • C12N1/04
    • Porous granules of active yeast are produced by mixing moist yeast having a solids content of 30% to 40% with a gas in an amount of 0.2 to 2.0 times the volume of the yeast, extruding the resultant mixture at a pressure of from 1 to 10 atmospheres through orifices having a length to diameter ratio of about 1:1 to 4:1 and allowing escape of gas from the interior of the resultant extrudate to form pores communicating with the surface to produce porous granules of active yeast. The granules may be dried to produce active dry yeast granules having a total surface area formed by the outside surface plus the interior surface of the granules of at least 1.5 times the total area of the outside surface of the granules. The active dry yeast granules have good vitality and are capable of rapid rehydration and regeneration.
    • 活性酵母的多孔颗粒通过将固体含量为30%至40%的湿酵母与酵母体积的0.2至2.0倍的气体混合而制得,将所得混合物在1至10的压力下挤出 大气通过具有约1:1至4:1的长径比的孔,并允许气体从所得挤出物的内部排出,以形成与表面连通的孔,以产生活性酵母的多孔颗粒。 可以将颗粒干燥以产生具有由外表面加上颗粒的内表面形成的总表面积至少为颗粒外表面总面积的1.5倍的活性干酵母颗粒。 活性干酵母颗粒具有良好的活力,能快速补液和再生。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Process for phosphating galvanized steel surfaces
    • 镀锌钢表面磷化工艺
    • US5503733A
    • 1996-04-02
    • US406943
    • 1995-03-28
    • Horst-Dieter SpeckmannReinhard SeidelGerard VeldmanKarl-Dieter Brands
    • Horst-Dieter SpeckmannReinhard SeidelGerard VeldmanKarl-Dieter Brands
    • C25D11/36
    • C25D11/36
    • The invention relates to a process for phosphating galvanized steel surfaces, preferably electrolytically or hot-dip galvanized surfaces of steel strip, by treating them in a bath or spray with acidic aqueous phosphating solutions, wherein the workpieces are given a d.c. cathodic treatment at the same time. In the process, (a) the phosphating solutions contain Zn.sup.+2 cations in the range from 0.1 to 5 g/l, PO.sub.4.sup.-3 anions in the range from 5 to 50 g/l, NO.sub.3.sup.- anions in the range from 0.1 to 50 g/l, Mn.sup.+2 cations in the range from 0.1 to 5 g/l, and Cu.sup.+2 cations in the range from 0.001 to 1 g/l; (b) the following conditions are used: pH of the phosphating solution in the range from 1.5 to 4.5, temperature of the phosphating solution in the range from 10.degree. to 80.degree. C., treatment time in the range from 1 to 300 sec; and (c) the workpieces are also cathodically treated with a direct current with a density in the range from 0.01 to 100 mA/cm.sup.2 during phosphating.
    • PCT No.PCT / EP93 / 02538 Sec。 371日期:1995年3月28日 102(e)1995年3月28日PCT PCT 1993年9月20日PCT公布。 出版物WO94 / 08074 日期1994年04月14日本发明涉及一种通过用酸性磷酸盐水溶液在浴槽或喷雾中处理它们来镀锌钢表面,优选钢带的电解或热浸镀锌表面的方法,其中给予工件 一个直流 阴极处理同时进行。 在该过程中,(a)磷酸盐溶液含有0.1至5g / l范围内的Zn + 2阳离子,5至50g / l范围内的PO4-3阴离子,NO3-阴离子的范围为0.1至 50g / l,Mn + 2阳离子的范围为0.1至5g / l,Cu + 2阳离子的范围为0.001至1g / l; (b)使用以下条件:磷酸盐溶液的pH在1.5至4.5的范围内,磷酸盐溶液的温度在10至80℃的范围内,处理时间在1至300秒的范围内; 和(c)在磷化过程中,工件也用0.01至100mA / cm 2的密度的直流电进行阴极处理。