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1. 发明授权

US5579337A System employing dissipative pseudorandom dynamics and selective feedback for communications and measurement 失效
标题翻译：采用耗散伪随机动力学和选择性反馈进行通信和测量的系统
公开(公告)号：US5579337A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-26
申请号：US491624
申请日：1995-06-19
申请人： Geoffrey Grinstein , Neil Gershenfeld
发明人： Geoffrey Grinstein , Neil Gershenfeld
IPC分类号： H04B1/69 , H04L27/00 , H04B15/00
CPC分类号： H04L27/001 , H04B1/69
摘要： A communication and/or measurement system includes a transmitter that modulates a pseudo-random noise signal with a message signal to produce a wideband signal for transmission. A receiver, which demodulates the wideband signal to recover the message signal, includes an "analog" feedback shift register that reproduces the noise signal based on samples of the received signal. The AFSR is characterized by a function that agrees with the function that characterizes the LFSR, at the points at which that function is defined. Further, the AFSR characterizing function has stable fixed points at these values, i.e., it has a slope of less than one in these regions. Specifically, the AFSR's function has stable fixed points at integer values and unstable fixed points at half-integer values and, the stable fixed points act as attractors. The AFSR thus produces a sequence that relaxes to the nearest integer-valued sequence. In one embodiment in which signal values that represent binary values are -1 and +1, the coupling circuitry compares the quantity .vertline.(.vertline.S.sub.n .vertline.-1).vertline. with a predetermined maximum value. If the quantity exceeds the maximum value, which indicates that the received signal sample provides a poor estimate of the transmitter LFSR state, the coupling circuitry uses the feedback signal y.sub.n to update the register. Otherwise, the coupling circuitry uses as an update signal y'.sub.n =(1-.epsilon.)y.sub.n +.epsilon.sgnS.sub.n, where sgnS.sub.n represents the sign of the received signal sample.
摘要翻译：通信和/或测量系统包括发射机，其利用消息信号来调制伪随机噪声信号以产生用于传输的宽带信号。解调宽带信号以恢复消息信号的接收机包括基于接收信号的样本再现噪声信号的“模拟”反馈移位寄存器。 AFSR的特征在于与定义该功能的点相一致的功能与LFSR的特征相一致。此外，AFSR特征函数在这些值处具有稳定的固定点，即在这些区域中其具有小于1的斜率。具体来说，AFSR的函数在整数值处具有稳定的固定点，在半整数值下具有不稳定的固定点，稳定的固定点作为吸引子。因此，AFSR产生松弛到最接近的整数序列的序列。在其中表示二进制值的信号值为-1和+1的一个实施例中，耦合电路将数量|（| Sn | -1）| 具有预定的最大值。如果数量超过最大值，这表明接收信号样本提供了发射机LFSR状态的不良估计，则耦合电路使用反馈信号yn更新寄存器。否则，耦合电路使用更新信号y'n =（1-ε）yn +εsgnSn，其中sgnSn表示接收信号样本的符号。

2. 发明授权

US06816790B2 Method and apparatus for determining gene expression levels 失效
标题翻译：用于确定基因表达水平的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06816790B2
公开(公告)日：2004-11-09
申请号：US10365891
申请日：2003-02-13
申请人： Geoffrey Grinstein , Glenn Allen Held , Yuhai Tu
发明人： Geoffrey Grinstein , Glenn Allen Held , Yuhai Tu
IPC分类号： G06F1900
CPC分类号： G06F19/20
摘要： Techniques for analyzing gene expression levels are provided. In one aspect of the invention, the technique provides a method for determining a concentration level of a target nucleic acid, the target nucleic acid comprising at least one target oligonucleotide. The method determines (i) a measure of affinity value of the target oligonucleotide with a probe oligonucleotide; and (ii) a hybridization intensity value for the target oligonucleotide and the probe oligonucleotide at a probe spot. The measure of affinity value and the hybridization intensity value are used to determine the concentration level of the target nucleic acid.

3. 发明授权

US5737360A System employing continuous-time dissipative pseudorandom dynamics for communications and measurement 失效
标题翻译：采用连续时间耗散伪随机动力学进行通信和测量的系统
公开(公告)号：US5737360A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-07
申请号：US492285
申请日：1995-06-19
申请人： Geoffrey Grinstein , Neil Gershenfeld
发明人： Geoffrey Grinstein , Neil Gershenfeld
IPC分类号： H04B1/707 , H04B15/00 , H04K1/00 , H04L27/30
CPC分类号： H04B1/707
摘要： A communication and/or measurement system includes in a a transmitter an analog feedback system that modulates a pseudo-random noise signal with a message signal to produce a wideband signal for transmission. A receiver, which demodulates the wideband signal to recover the message signal, includes an associated analog feedback system that reproduces the noise signal based on the received signal. The analog feedback systems (AFS) are continuous-time generalizations of a linear feedback shift register ("LFSR"). The AFS are characterized by a function that agrees with the function that characterizes the LFSR, at the points at which that function is defined. Further, the AFS characterizing function has stable periodic orbits at these values, and the stable periodic orbits are attractors. The AFS thus produces a signal that relaxes on to a nearest periodic orbit that generalizes to continuous time the maximal sequence produced by the corresponding LFSR. The AFS in the transmitter, which operates in accordance with a harmonic oscillator, is characterized by the following differential equation: ##EQU1## where the .alpha..sub.i 's are the coefficients of the maximum length polynomial used to produce the maximal sequence. The AFS in the receiver is characterized by the following differential equation: ##EQU2##
摘要翻译：通信和/或测量系统在发射机中包括模拟反馈系统，其利用消息信号来调制伪随机噪声信号以产生用于传输的宽带信号。解调宽带信号以恢复消息信号的接收机包括相关联的模拟反馈系统，其基于接收到的信号再现噪声信号。模拟反馈系统（AFS）是线性反馈移位寄存器（“LFSR”）的连续时间泛化。 AFS的特征在于与定义该功能的点相一致的功能与表征LFSR的功能一致。此外，AFS特征函数在这些值处具有稳定的周期轨道，并且稳定的周期轨道是吸引子。因此，AFS产生松弛到最近的周期性轨道的信号，其将相应LFSR产生的最大序列广义化为连续时间。发射机中根据谐波振荡器工作的AFS的特征在于以下微分方程：其中αi是用于产生最大序列的最大长度多项式的系数。接收机中的AFS的特征在于以下微分方程： + TR

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