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1. 发明授权

US08633996B2 Image sensor having nonlinear response 有权
标题翻译：具有非线性响应的图像传感器
公开(公告)号：US08633996B2
公开(公告)日：2014-01-21
申请号：US12992235
申请日：2009-04-09
申请人： Edoardo Charbon , Luciano Sbaiz , Martin Vetterli , Sabine Susstrunk
发明人： Edoardo Charbon , Luciano Sbaiz , Martin Vetterli , Sabine Susstrunk
IPC分类号： H04N5/225
CPC分类号： H04N5/355 , H01L27/14627 , H01L27/14645 , H04N5/347
摘要： In previously known imaging devices as in still and motion cameras, for example, image sensor signal response typically is linear as a function of intensity of incident light. Desirably, however, akin to the response of the human eye, response is sought to be nonlinear and, more particularly, essentially logarithmic. Preferred nonlinearity is realized in image sensor devices of the invention upon severely limiting the number of pixel states, combined with clustering of pixels into what may be termed as super-pixels.
摘要翻译：在诸如在静止摄像机和运动摄像机中的先前已知的成像装置中，例如，图像传感器信号响应通常作为入射光的强度的函数是线性的。然而，理想地，类似于人眼的反应，反应被寻求为非线性的，更具体地，本质上是对数的。在严格限制像素状态的数量，结合像素的聚类到被称为超像素的情况下，在本发明的图像传感器装置中实现优选的非线性。

2. 发明申请

US20120075615A1 PULSED LIGHT OPTICAL RANGEFINDER 有权
标题翻译：脉冲光学光栅
公开(公告)号：US20120075615A1
公开(公告)日：2012-03-29
申请号：US13376336
申请日：2010-06-18
申请人： Cristiano Niclass , Edoardo Charbon , Mineki Soga , Hiromichi Yanagihara
发明人： Cristiano Niclass , Edoardo Charbon , Mineki Soga , Hiromichi Yanagihara
IPC分类号： G01S7/487
CPC分类号： G01S17/89 , G01S7/4814 , G01S7/4816 , G01S7/4818 , G01S7/4863 , G01S7/487 , G01S7/489 , G01S7/497 , G01S17/10
摘要： An optical rangefinder based on time-of-flight measurement, radiates pulsed light toward an object (70), and receives reflected light from the object, the receiver operating in a photon counting mode, so as to generate a pulse for a detected photon. There is a variable probability of a photon detection on the receiver, and a controller (370, 380, 390; 365, 470, 475, 380, 390; 570, 580, 590, 390) controls the photon detection probability of the receiver, based on a light level. By controlling the detection probability according to a light level, the receiver can have an increased dynamic range, and without the expense of using optical components. This can apply even while detecting very weak signals since the receiver can still be in a photon counting mode while the detection probability is controlled. The light level can be indicated by an output of the receiver itself, or by another detector external to the receiver.
摘要翻译：基于飞行时间测量的光学测距器将朝向物体（70）的脉冲光辐射，并且接收来自物体的反射光，接收器以光子计数模式工作，以产生检测到的光子的脉冲。在接收机上存在光子检测的可能概率，并且控制器（370,380,390; 365,470,475,380,390; 570,580,590,390）控制接收机的光子检测概率，基于光照水平。通过根据光级控制检测概率，接收机可以具有增加的动态范围，并且不需要使用光学部件的费用。即使在检测到非常弱的信号的同时也可以应用，因为接收机仍然可以处于光子计数模式，同时控制检测概率。光电平可以由接收器本身的输出或由接收器外部的另一个检测器指示。

3. 发明申请

US20100133636A1 SINGLE PHOTON DETECTOR AND ASSOCIATED METHODS FOR MAKING THE SAME 有权
标题翻译：单光子检测器及其相关方法
公开(公告)号：US20100133636A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-03
申请号：US12327240
申请日：2008-12-03
申请人： Justin Richardson , Lindsay Grant , Marek Gersbach , Edoardo Charbon , Christiano Niclass , Robert Henderson
发明人： Justin Richardson , Lindsay Grant , Marek Gersbach , Edoardo Charbon , Christiano Niclass , Robert Henderson
IPC分类号： H01L31/00
CPC分类号： H01L31/107
摘要： A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate, a photon avalanche detector in the semiconductor substrate. The photon avalanche detector includes an anode of a first conductivity type and a cathode of a second conductivity type. A guard ring is in the semiconductor substrate and at least partially surrounds the photon avalanche detector. A passivation layer of the first conductivity type is in contact with the guard ring to reduce an electric field at an edge of the photon avalanche detector.
摘要翻译：半导体器件包括半导体衬底，半导体衬底中的光子雪崩检测器。光子雪崩检测器包括第一导电类型的阳极和第二导电类型的阴极。保护环在半导体衬底中并且至少部分地围绕光子雪崩检测器。第一导电类型的钝化层与保护环接触以减少光子雪崩检测器边缘处的电场。

4. 发明授权

US07683308B2 Controlling spectral response of photodetector for an image sensor 有权
标题翻译：控制图像传感器光电检测器的光谱响应
公开(公告)号：US07683308B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-23
申请号：US11290831
申请日：2005-12-01
申请人： Edoardo Charbon , Cristiano Niclass
发明人： Edoardo Charbon , Cristiano Niclass
IPC分类号： H01J40/14
CPC分类号： H01L31/101 , G01J1/0488 , G01J1/44 , H01L27/14645 , H01L31/107 , H04N5/37455
摘要： A method for controlling the spectral response of light sensitive semiconductor elements in an array (8) using an electric control signal (Vop) applied to said semiconductor elements. The light sensitive semiconductor elements could be a single photon avalanche diode (81) operating in Geiger mode. An image sensor has at least one light sensitive semiconductor elements and a circuit for applying a control voltage (Vop) to said semiconductor element so as to change its spectral response. Without being limiting, the sensor could be part of a digital camera, video camera, 3D image sensors, scanner, video telephone, autofocus system, medical image acquisition system, etc.
摘要翻译：一种使用施加到所述半导体元件的电控制信号（Vop）来控制阵列（8）中的光敏半导体元件的光谱响应的方法。光敏半导体元件可以是以盖革模式工作的单光子雪崩二极管（81）。图像传感器具有至少一个光敏半导体元件和用于向所述半导体元件施加控制电压（Vop）以改变其光谱响应的电路。不受限制，传感器可以是数码相机，摄像机，3D图像传感器，扫描仪，视频电话，自动对焦系统，医学图像采集系统等的一部分。

5. 发明申请

US20080177473A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS TO DETERMINE A PLANET VECTOR 审中-公开
标题翻译：确定平面矢量的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20080177473A1
公开(公告)日：2008-07-24
申请号：US11962710
申请日：2007-12-21
申请人： Edoardo Charbon , Renato Krpoun , Noemy Scheidegger , Herbert Shea
发明人： Edoardo Charbon , Renato Krpoun , Noemy Scheidegger , Herbert Shea
IPC分类号： G06F19/00
CPC分类号： G01J1/42 , B64G1/365
摘要： The present invention relates to a method for a low cost Planet vector Sensor based on imaging atmospheric oxygen emission at 762 nm or at 557.7 wavelengths using either CMOS, CCD or arrays of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). In both daytime and night time, there is continuous emission at 762 nm wavelength due to atomic oxygen recombination or excitation. Even if the emission at the limbs is 100 times stronger in the day than at night, there is ample unambiguous signal for the operation of the sensor according to the present invention using this wavelength if measured with an appropriate detector and an adapted algorithm to determine the Planet vector.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种基于使用CMOS，CCD或单光子雪崩二极管（SPAD）阵列在762nm或557.7波长下成像大气氧发射的低成本行星矢量传感器的方法。在白天和黑夜，由于原子氧复合或激发，在762nm波长处连续发射。即使在四肢的发射比夜间的发射强度高一百倍，根据本发明的传感器的操作，如果使用适当的检测器和适应的算法来测量，则使用这种波长有足够的明确的信号，以确定行星矢量。

6. 发明授权

US06889326B1 Watermarking based protection of virtual component blocks 失效
标题翻译：基于水印的虚拟组件块保护
公开(公告)号：US06889326B1
公开(公告)日：2005-05-03
申请号：US10639148
申请日：2003-08-11
申请人： Edoardo Charbon , Ilhami H. Torunoglu
发明人： Edoardo Charbon , Ilhami H. Torunoglu
IPC分类号： G06F17/50 , H01L9/00
CPC分类号： G06F17/5045
摘要： A system and method for protecting circuit designs from unauthorized use involves techniques for watermarking by embedding a hidden, recognizable input/output signature or code into the circuit design. An internal sequential function, such as a finite state machine, within the circuit design is used to generate a predictable output sequence when a known input sequence is applied. The free input configurations in the internal sequential function of the circuit design are identified and modified to generate the desired output sequence when the known input sequence is applied. A path among the free input configurations is selected, with output values in the desired output sequence being assigned the various state transitions. If there are not enough free input configurations to meet specified watermarking robustness criteria, then additional free input configurations may be added by, for example, adding one or more inputs, outputs or states to the finite state machine. Various techniques for arriving at an optimal path so as to minimize overhead caused by the addition of the watermark are also disclosed.
摘要翻译：用于保护电路设计免受未经授权的使用的系统和方法涉及通过在电路设计中嵌入隐藏的，可识别的输入/输出签名或代码来进行水印的技术。当应用已知的输入序列时，使用电路设计内的内部顺序功能（例如有限状态机）来产生可预测的输出序列。识别和修改电路设计的内部顺序功能中的自由输入配置，以在应用已知的输入序列时产生所需的输出序列。选择自由输入配置中的路径，将所需输出序列中的输出值分配给各种状态转换。如果没有足够的空闲输入配置来满足规定的水印鲁棒性标准，则可以通过例如向有限状态机添加一个或多个输入，输出或状态来添加附加的自由输入配置。还公开了用于到达最佳路径以便最小化由水印的添加引起的开销的各种技术。

7. 发明授权

US10079608B2 Time-to-digital converter and method therefor 有权
公开(公告)号：US10079608B2
公开(公告)日：2018-09-18
申请号：US14343941
申请日：2012-09-10
申请人： Priyanka Kumar , Robert Staszewski , Edoardo Charbon
发明人： Priyanka Kumar , Robert Staszewski , Edoardo Charbon
IPC分类号： H03M1/00 , G01T1/164 , G04F10/00 , G01B11/24 , H04N5/378 , H04N13/00 , H04N13/02
CPC分类号： H03M1/002 , G01B11/24 , G01T1/1647 , G04F10/005 , H04N5/378 , H04N13/20 , H04N2213/001
摘要： Time-to-digital converter system including: an event detector configured for detecting an event and generating an event detection signal upon detection of the event; and a time-to-digital converter coupled or connectable to the event detector and including a fine resolution part configured for counting fine time intervals, organized such that the fine resolution part is activated in response to the event detection signal and deactivated in response to a reference clock. 3D imager including an array of pixels, with in each pixel such a time-to-digital converter system, and further including a reference clock generator.

8. 发明申请

US20140232827A1 TIME-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER AND METHOD THEREFOR 审中-公开
标题翻译：时间到数字转换器及其方法
公开(公告)号：US20140232827A1
公开(公告)日：2014-08-21
申请号：US14343941
申请日：2012-09-10
申请人： Priyanka Kumar , Robert Staszewski , Edoardo Charbon
发明人： Priyanka Kumar , Robert Staszewski , Edoardo Charbon
IPC分类号： H03M1/00 , H04N13/02 , H04N5/378 , G04F10/00
CPC分类号： H03M1/002 , G01B11/24 , G01T1/1647 , G04F10/005 , H04N5/378 , H04N13/20 , H04N2213/001
摘要： Time-to-digital converter system including: an event detector configured for detecting an event and generating an event detection signal upon detection of the event; and a time-to-digital converter coupled or connectable to the event detector and including a fine resolution part configured for counting fine time intervals, organized such that the fine resolution part is activated in response to the event detection signal and deactivated in response to a reference clock. 3D imager including an array of pixels, with in each pixel such a time-to-digital converter system, and further including a reference clock generator.
摘要翻译：时间到数字转换器系统，包括：事件检测器，被配置为在检测到事件时检测事件并产生事件检测信号; 以及时间数字转换器，其耦合或连接到所述事件检测器，并且包括配置用于对精细时间间隔进行计数的精细分辨率部分，被组织成使得精细分辨率部分响应于事件检测信号被激活并且响应于参考时钟。 3D成像器包括像素阵列，每个像素如时间 - 数字转换器系统，并且还包括参考时钟发生器。

9. 发明申请

US20100208845A1 INTEGRATED RECEIVING CIRCUIT AND METHOD FOR RADIOFREQUENCY AND HIGH SPEED SIGNALS 有权
标题翻译：集成接收电路和无线电和高速信号的方法
公开(公告)号：US20100208845A1
公开(公告)日：2010-08-19
申请号：US12724586
申请日：2010-03-16
申请人： Edoardo CHARBON , Marek Gersbach , Maximilian Sergio
发明人： Edoardo CHARBON , Marek Gersbach , Maximilian Sergio
IPC分类号： H04L27/00
CPC分类号： H04B1/30 , H03F3/195 , H03F3/70
摘要： Integrated receiving circuit for radiofrequency signals an amplifying element using the multiplication zone of a reverse biased semiconductor junction operating in Geiger mode for amplifying an input radiofrequency signal (Vin) and converting it into a digital signal. And a digital part for digitally processing the digital signal.
摘要翻译：用于射频的集成接收电路使用以盖革模式操作的反向偏置半导体结的乘法区向放大元件发信号，用于放大输入射频信号（Vin）并将其转换为数字信号。以及用于数字处理数字信号的数字部分。

10. 发明授权

US07173230B2 Electromagnetic wave detection arrangement with capacitive feedback 有权
标题翻译：具有电容反馈的电磁波检测装置
公开(公告)号：US07173230B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-06
申请号：US10236490
申请日：2002-09-05
申请人： Edoardo Charbon
发明人： Edoardo Charbon
IPC分类号： H03F3/08
CPC分类号： H04N5/374 , G01J1/46 , H04N5/357
摘要： An approach is provided for detecting EM waves using a photodetector coupled to an amplifier stage. The amplifier stage uses capacitive feedback to reduce or cancel intrinsic capacitance of the photodetector. A variety of capacitance structures may be used to provide the capacitive feedback such as shielded capacitors and capacitor arrays. The amplifier stage may be either single-ended or fully differential, depending upon the requirements of a particular application. Noise cancellation circuitry may also be included to reduce noise and offset sources present in the amplifier stage. The approach is applicable to a variety of contexts and applications. Example applications include, without limitation, detection of both brightness and Time of Flight (TOF) in 3D sensing applications. The approach may also be used to detect EM wave intensity in 2D sensing systems and, in general, for any application requiring simultaneously high speed and high sensitivity EM detection.
摘要翻译：提供了一种使用耦合到放大器级的光电探测器来检测EM波的方法。放大器级使用电容反馈来减少或消除光电探测器的本征电容。可以使用各种电容结构来提供诸如屏蔽电容器和电容器阵列的电容反馈。放大器级可以是单端还是全差分，这取决于具体应用的要求。还可以包括噪声消除电路以减少存在于放大器级中的噪声和偏移源。该方法适用于各种上下文和应用。示例应用包括但不限于在3D感测应用中检测亮度和飞行时间（TOF）。该方法还可以用于检测2D感测系统中的EM波强度，并且通常用于需要同时高速和高灵敏度EM检测的任何应用。

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