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1. 发明授权

US06868236B2 Apparatus and method for combining multiple optical beams in a free-space optical communications system 有权
标题翻译：用于在自由空间光通信系统中组合多个光束的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US06868236B2
公开(公告)日：2005-03-15
申请号：US10198980
申请日：2002-07-18
申请人： Thomas J. Wiltsey , David L. Rollins , Robert M. Pierce
发明人： Thomas J. Wiltsey , David L. Rollins , Robert M. Pierce
IPC分类号： H04B10/2581 , H04B10/04 , H04B10/00 , H04J14/02
CPC分类号： G02B6/4204 , G02B6/2804 , G02B6/4207 , H04B10/2581
摘要： An apparatus and method for combining multiple optical beams into mode-scrambled optical signals. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a plurality of laser beam sources, each to produce a modulated optical beam. A plurality of input fiber segments, each comprising a multimode optical fiber core, are operatively coupled at one end to a respective laser source to receive a respective modulated optical beam. A multimode optical beam combiner is used to operatively couple the output ends of the input fiber segments to the input end of an output fiber segment having a multimode optical fiber core. The modulated optical beams produced by the laser beam sources are combined into a single mode-scrambled optical signal. The apparatus enables multiple optical beams having similar wavelengths to be combined to increase optical signal strength. It also enables multiple optical beams having different wavelengths to be combined to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal.
摘要翻译：一种用于将多个光束组合成模式加扰的光信号的装置和方法。在一个实施例中，该装置包括多个激光束源，每个激光束源产生调制的光束。每个包括多模光纤纤芯的多个输入光纤段在一端可操作地耦合到相应的激光源以接收相应的调制光束。多模光束组合器用于将输入光纤段的输出端可操作地耦合到具有多模光纤芯的输出光纤段的输入端。由激光束源产生的调制光束被组合成单模加扰光信号。该装置使得能够组合具有相似波长的多个光束以增加光信号强度。它还使得能够组合具有不同波长的多个光束以形成波分复用信号。

2. 发明授权

US6064325A Frequency modulation-based folding optical analog-to-digital converter 失效
标题翻译：基于频率调制的折叠光学模数转换器
公开(公告)号：US6064325A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-16
申请号：US133037
申请日：1998-08-11
申请人： Richard A. Fields , David L. Rollins , Stephen R. Perkins , Eric L. Upton , Elizabeth T. Kunkee , Lawrence J. Lembo , Juan C. Carillo, Jr. , Mark Kintis
发明人： Richard A. Fields , David L. Rollins , Stephen R. Perkins , Eric L. Upton , Elizabeth T. Kunkee , Lawrence J. Lembo , Juan C. Carillo, Jr. , Mark Kintis
IPC分类号： G02F7/00 , H03M1/00
CPC分类号： G02F7/00
摘要： A frequency modulation-based optical analog-to-digital converter utilizes a downward-folding, successive approximation approach. A series of stages is utilized to generate bits in the digital signal. In each stage, complementary low and high bandpass filters collectively cover a bandpass frequency range from a low frequency to a high frequency. The high frequency filtered signal from the high bandpass filter is observed to obtain a bit in the digital word. By performing the folding operations in the frequency domain, the converter avoids the difficult task of optical power subtraction, relying instead on frequency down-conversions. The high frequency filtered signal passed by the high bandpass filter is then downconverted and added to the low pass filter signal to generate a modulated signal for the next stage.
摘要翻译：基于频率调制的光学模数转换器利用向下折叠的逐次近似方法。利用一系列级来产生数字信号中的位。在每个阶段，互补的低和高带通滤波器共同覆盖从低频到高频的带通频率范围。观察到来自高带通滤波器的高频滤波信号以获得数字字中的位。通过在频域执行折叠操作，转换器避免了光功率减法的困难任务，而是依靠降频转换。然后，由高带通滤波器通过的高频滤波信号被下变频并加到低通滤波器信号中，以生成下一级的调制信号。

3. 发明授权

US07079780B1 Linearized optical link using a single Mach-Zehnder modulator and two optical carriers 失效
标题翻译：使用单个Mach-Zehnder调制器和两个光学载体的线性化光学链路
公开(公告)号：US07079780B1
公开(公告)日：2006-07-18
申请号：US09322283
申请日：1999-05-28
申请人： David L. Rollins
发明人： David L. Rollins
IPC分类号： H04B10/04 , G02F1/01
CPC分类号： H04B10/50575 , H04B10/505 , H04B10/506 , H04B10/58
摘要： An improved analog optical system which provides improved dynamic range as well as sensitivity relative to known analog optical systems. The analog optical system includes a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) operated with a low bias to improve sensitivity. In accordance with an important aspect of the invention, the optical system utilizes two optical wavelengths with two effective bias points to cancel even ordered distortion associated with low biasing. Two lasers having different wavelengths are applied to the Mach-Zehnder modulator by way of a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM). Alternately, a single laser producing two optical carriers having different wavelengths could be used in place of the two single wavelength lasers and the WDM. The modulator bias control circuit forces two optical carriers to two bias points on opposite sides of the minimum bias point thus, providing equal modulation depth with opposite sign on each of the two optical carriers. The frequency separation of the two optical carriers, together with the nominal optical path length difference between the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder modulator determines the degree of low biasing achieved and thus the resulting potential for improvement in sensitivity and third-order linearity. The receiver or demodulator also includes a WDM to separate the two wavelengths which, in turn, are applied to two separate photodetectors allowing each wavelength to be detected separately. The complementary photocurrents are subtracted with a balanced photodetector pair to provide a linearized RF output.
摘要翻译：改进的模拟光学系统，其相对于已知的模拟光学系统提供改进的动态范围以及灵敏度。模拟光学系统包括以低偏压操作以提高灵敏度的马赫 - 曾德调制器（MZM）。根据本发明的一个重要方面，光学系统利用具有两个有效偏置点的两个光波长来消除与低偏置相关联的偶数有序失真。具有不同波长的两个激光器通过波分复用器（WDM）施加到马赫 - 曾德尔调制器。或者，可以使用产生具有不同波长的两个光载流子的单个激光来代替两个单波长激光器和WDM。调制器偏置控制电路将两个光载波强制到最小偏置点的相对侧上的两个偏置点，从而在两个光载波的每一个上提供具有相反符号的相等调制深度。两个光学载体的频率分离以及马赫 - 曾德调制器的两个臂之间的标称光程长度差异决定了实现的低偏移度，并因此导致了提高灵敏度和三阶线性度的可能性。接收器或解调器还包括WDM以分离两个波长，这两个波长又被施加到两个单独的光电检测器，允许单独检测每个波长。互补光电流用平衡光电检测器对扣除，以提供线性化的RF输出。

4. 发明授权

US06587256B2 RF combiner based on cascaded optical phase modulation 失效
公开(公告)号：US06587256B2
公开(公告)日：2003-07-01
申请号：US09876017
申请日：2001-06-06
申请人： James E. Leight , David L. Rollins , Richard A. Fields
发明人： James E. Leight , David L. Rollins , Richard A. Fields
IPC分类号： G02F129
CPC分类号： G02F1/0322 , G02F1/025 , G02F2201/16 , G02F2201/20 , G02F2203/50 , H04B10/25752 , H04B2210/006
摘要： An RF combiner (10) that combines a plurality of RF signals (12) in the optical domain. The combiner (10) includes a single optical source (14) that generates an optical beam (16). The optical beam (16) is directed through a series of optical modulators (20), such as optical phase modulators. Each modulator (20) is responsive to an RF signal (12) that is to be combined with the other RF signals (12). Each modulator (20) modulates the optical signal (16) with the RF signal (12) so that the modulations combine in an additive manner. A single optical phase demodulator (32) is used to demodulate the composite phase modulated optical beam (16) to generate the combined RF signal (34). Suitable delay devices (50) can be used between the optical modulators (20), or the RF signals can be matched so that the RF signals combine in phase.

5. 发明授权

US06515784B2 Refractive index manipulating optical inverter 有权
$Refractive index manipulating optical inverter$
公开(公告)号：US06515784B2
公开(公告)日：2003-02-04
申请号：US09840858
申请日：2001-04-24
申请人： Juan C. Carillo, Jr. , Bruce A. Ferguson , Richard A. Fields , Mark Kintis , Elizabeth T. Kunkee , Lawrence J. Lembo , Stephen R. Perkins , David L. Rollins , Eric L. Upton
发明人： Juan C. Carillo, Jr. , Bruce A. Ferguson , Richard A. Fields , Mark Kintis , Elizabeth T. Kunkee , Lawrence J. Lembo , Stephen R. Perkins , David L. Rollins , Eric L. Upton
IPC分类号： G02F103
CPC分类号： G02F3/00 , G02F1/3515
摘要： An optical inverting system employs a first optical structure having an index of refraction that varies with the intensity of an incident beam and a second optical structure having a constant index of refraction, and forming an interface therebetween. An optical pulse stream is combined with a laser beam and the combined beam is applied to the first optical structure, impinging the interface at a predetermined angle of incidence. If the angle of incidence is less than a critical angle, the beam is refracted into the second optical structure. If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, the beam is completely reflected at the interface. Thus the output of the second optical structure is an inversion, and the output of the first optical structure is a level shifted replica, of the optical digital pulse stream.

6. 发明授权

US06452714B1 Enhanced feed forward optical frequency/phase demodulator 有权
标题翻译：增强前馈光频/相位解调器
公开(公告)号：US06452714B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-17
申请号：US09619924
申请日：2000-07-20
申请人： David L. Rollins
发明人： David L. Rollins
IPC分类号： G02F200
CPC分类号： H04B10/675 , G02F2/00 , H04B10/67 , H04B10/673 , H04B10/676 , H04B10/69
摘要： A demodulation system used in connection with an analog optical link. An optical carrier signal modulated with an RF signal is split into two portions. One carrier signal portion is applied to a coarse demodulator that generates a demodulated signal representative of the RF signal and the additive inverse of an error signal. The coarse demodulator output is inverted and applied to a phase modulator along with the second carder signal portion. The phase modulator modulates the optical carrier signal with the additive inverse of the demodulated signal from the coarse demodulator, and the RF signal components of the carrier signal and the demodulated signal cancel, leaving the carrier signal modulated with the error signal. The modulated carrier signal is filtered, then demodulated to regenerate the error signal, which is combined with the demodulated signal from the coarse demodulator to recreate the RF signal with minimal excess noise and distortion.
摘要翻译：与模拟光链路相关的解调系统。用RF信号调制的光载波信号被分成两部分。一个载波信号部分被应用于产生表示RF信号的解调信号和误差信号的加法逆的粗略解调器。粗略解调器输出被反相并且与第二卡特尔信号部分一起施加到相位调制器。相位调制器利用来自粗略解调器的解调信号的加法逆，对载波信号进行调制，载波信号和解调信号的RF信号分量消除，使载波信号由误差信号调制。经调制的载波信号被滤波，然后被解调以再生误差信号，该误差信号与来自粗略解调器的解调信号相结合，以最小的多余噪声和失真重建RF信号。

7. 发明授权

US06201632B1 Feed forward optical frequency/phase demodulator 有权
标题翻译：前馈光频/相位解调器
公开(公告)号：US06201632B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-13
申请号：US09322288
申请日：1999-05-28
申请人： David L. Rollins
发明人： David L. Rollins
IPC分类号： G02F103
CPC分类号： H04B10/69 , H04B10/67 , H04B10/676
摘要： A demodulation system used in connection with an analog optical link that provides a wide dynamic range and SNR potential for large RF signal bandwidths. An optical carrier signal modulated with an RF signal is applied to an optical splitter in the demodulation system that splits the signal into first and second carrier signals. One of the carrier signals is applied to a coarse demodulator that provides either PM or FM demodulation to generate a demodulated signal representative of the signal that includes the RF signal and the additive inverse of an error signal. The output from the coarse demodulator is inverted, and integrated in the FM case, and then applied to a phase modulator along with the second optical carrier signal from the optical splitter. The phase modulator modulates the optical carrier signal with the additive inverse of the demodulated signal so that the portion of the RF signal occurring in both the optical carrier signal and the demodulated signal are cancelled, and the optical carrier signal is modulated with the error signal. The modulated carrier signal is applied to a fine demodulator that demodulates the signal to generate the error signal. The error signal and the demodulated signal are combined, and what remains is a substantial copy of the RF signal with minimal excess noise and distortion. Unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers and photodetectors can be provided in the coarse demodulator and the fine demodulator to provide the demodulation.
摘要翻译：结合模拟光链路使用的解调系统，为大的RF信号带宽提供宽的动态范围和SNR潜力。用RF信号调制的光载波信号被施加到解调系统中的分光器，其将信号分离成第一和第二载波信号。载波信号之一被应用于提供PM或FM解调以产生代表包括RF信号和误差信号的加法逆的信号的解调信号的粗略解调器。粗调解调器的输出反相，并集成在FM外壳中，然后与来自光分路器的第二光载波信号一起施加到相位调制器。相位调制器利用解调信号的相加逆调制光载波信号，使得在光载波信号和解调信号中出现的RF信号的部分被消除，并且利用误差信号调制光载波信号。调制的载波信号被施加到解调信号以产生误差信号的精细解调器。误差信号和解调信号被组合，剩下的是RF信号的基本副本，具有最小的过多噪声和失真。可以在粗调解调器和精细解调器中提供不均衡的马赫 - 曾德干涉仪和光电探测器，以提供解调。

8. 发明授权

US06121907A Upward-folding successive-approximation optical analog-to-digital converter and method for performing conversion 失效
标题翻译：向上折叠逐次近似光学模数转换器和执行转换的方法
公开(公告)号：US06121907A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-19
申请号：US133038
申请日：1998-08-11
申请人： Richard A. Fields , David L. Rollins , Stephen R. Perkins , Eric L. Upton , Elizabeth T. Kunkee , Lawrence J. Lembo , Juan C. Carillo, Jr. , Mark Kintis
发明人： Richard A. Fields , David L. Rollins , Stephen R. Perkins , Eric L. Upton , Elizabeth T. Kunkee , Lawrence J. Lembo , Juan C. Carillo, Jr. , Mark Kintis
IPC分类号： G02F7/00 , H03M1/00
CPC分类号： G02F7/00
摘要： An optical analog-to-digital converter (10) which fully operates in the optical domain and utilizes an upward-folding successive approximation approach for conversion. The converter (10) includes a plurality of optical stages (14, 16, 18) where each stage (14, 16, 18) generates a digital bit. Each stage (14, 16, 18) includes an optical threshold switch (30, 56, 78) that sets the bit high when the switch (30, 56, 78) is closed. When a sample amplitude of the analog signal is compared to a threshold value and found to exceed the threshold value, the bit is set to "high" and the sample is passed directly onto the next stage (14, 16, 18). If the sample amplitude is found to be less than the threshold value, the bit is set to "low" and an intensity equal to the maximum signal intensity minus the threshold intensity is added to the sample amplitude. Each successive stage (14, 16, 18) compares the normalized signal sample to thresholds growing closer and closer to the maximum signal intensity. Multiple bits can be obtained by cascading stages.
摘要翻译：一种光学模拟 - 数字转换器（10），其在光学域中完全操作并且利用向上折叠的逐次逼近方法进行转换。转换器（10）包括多个光学级（14,16,18），其中每个级（14,16,18）产生数字位。每个级（14,16,18）包括一个光学阈值开关（30,56,78），当开关（30,56,78）关闭时，它将位置高。当将模拟信号的采样幅度与阈值进行比较并发现超过阈值时，将该位设置为“高”，并将样本直接传递到下一级（14,16,18）。如果发现样品振幅小于阈值，则该位被设置为“低”，并且将等于最大信号强度减去阈值强度的强度加到样本幅度上。每个连续级（14,16,18）将归一化信号样本与越来越接近最大信号强度的阈值进行比较。可以通过级联级获得多个位。

9. 发明授权

US6160930A Optical sample and hold architecture 失效
标题翻译：光学采样和保持架构
公开(公告)号：US6160930A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-12
申请号：US133036
申请日：1998-08-11
申请人： Bruce A. Ferguson , Richard A. Fields , Mark Kintis , Elizabeth T. Kunkee , Lawrence J. Lembo , Stephen R. Perkins , David L. Rollins , Eric L. Upton
发明人： Bruce A. Ferguson , Richard A. Fields , Mark Kintis , Elizabeth T. Kunkee , Lawrence J. Lembo , Stephen R. Perkins , David L. Rollins , Eric L. Upton
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02F7/00 , H03M1/36 , H04B10/02 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： H03M1/368 , G02F7/00
摘要： The optical hold unit (100) of the present invention includes an optical modulator (108) that has an electrical input, an optical input, and an optical output. A 1.times.N optical splitter (106) is also provided that has an optical input and N optical outputs. In addition, N optical paths (112) are individually coupled to the N optical outputs and carry one of the N output signals. Each optical path has an associated propagation delay. Optical delay elements may be located in any of the N optical paths that carry the output signals. The optical delay elements serve to lengthen the propagation delay (114a-e) of the optical path (112a-e) in which the optical delay element is located. In an alternative embodiment, the optical hold unit (200) includes an optical modulator (108) that has an electrical input, an optical input, and an optical output. An optical resonator (202) is also provided and connected to the optical output of the modulator (108). The optical resonator (202) also includes a partially transmissive output (222) to which an optical path is connected. The optical resonator (202) may also include a gain medium (208) or an optical switch (210).
摘要翻译：本发明的光学保持单元（100）包括具有电输入，光输入和光输出的光调制器（108）。还提供了具有光输入和N个光输出的1xN光分路器（106）。此外，N个光路（112）分别耦合到N个光输出并传送N个输出信号中的一个。每个光路具有相关联的传播延迟。光延迟元件可以位于承载输出信号的N个光路中的任一个中。光延迟元件用于延长光延迟元件所位于的光路（112a-e）的传播延迟（114a-e）。在替代实施例中，光学保持单元（200）包括具有电输入，光输入和光输出的光调制器（108）。光学谐振器（202）也被提供并连接到调制器（108）的光输出端。光谐振器（202）还包括连接光路的部分透射输出（222）。光谐振器（202）还可以包括增益介质（208）或光开关（210）。

10. 发明授权

US06827193B2 Adjustable friction torque device 有权
标题翻译：可调摩擦力矩装置
公开(公告)号：US06827193B2
公开(公告)日：2004-12-07
申请号：US10370155
申请日：2003-02-19
申请人： John D. Conrad , Roger E. Knueve , Martin E. Kummer , Glen A. Pepple , David L. Rollins , Daniel V. Gochenour
发明人： John D. Conrad , Roger E. Knueve , Martin E. Kummer , Glen A. Pepple , David L. Rollins , Daniel V. Gochenour
IPC分类号： F16D1375
CPC分类号： F16D13/757
摘要： A friction torque device includes an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the device in response to wear on a friction surface within the device, and an adjustment limiting member for controlling adjustment thereof. In one embodiment, the adjustment mechanism includes a first cam ring rotatable relative to both a pressure plate and a cover, and a second cam ring engaging the first cam ring on a side of the first cam ring opposite the cover and rotatably fixed relative to the cover. The first cam ring is rotatable with respect to the second cam ring such that ramped surfaces cam against each other to increase the axial displacement of the first and second cam rings, whereby the axial displacement compensates for wear on the friction surface. The adjustment limiting device is selectively engagable with the first cam ring to inhibit rotation thereof.
摘要翻译：摩擦转矩装置包括用于响应于装置内的摩擦表面上的磨损来调节装置的调节机构和用于控制其调节的调节限制构件。在一个实施例中，调节机构包括可相对于压板和盖两者可转动的第一凸轮环，以及与第一凸轮环相对的第一凸轮环的第二凸轮环，第一凸轮环相对于盖可旋转地固定盖。第一凸轮环可相对于第二凸轮环旋转，使得倾斜的表面彼此相对凸起以增加第一和第二凸轮环的轴向位移，由此轴向位移补偿摩擦表面上的磨损。调节限制装置可选择地与第一凸轮环接合以阻止其旋转。

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