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    • 6. 发明授权
    • System and method for eliminating a ring transition while executing in protected mode
    • 用于在保护模式下执行时消除环转换的系统和方法
    • US06202145B1
    • 2001-03-13
    • US09211370
    • 1998-12-14
    • Stacey Alan BarnesCraig BennettChristian LitaMartin Daniel Ridgeway
    • Stacey Alan BarnesCraig BennettChristian LitaMartin Daniel Ridgeway
    • G06F9455
    • G06F9/328G06F9/268G06F9/32G06F9/45533
    • A system, method, and computer readable medium for eliminating unnecessary ring transitions is described. Often, a requested system service or I/O operation can be performed entirely at a higher ring level, such as Ring 3, with no need to transition to a lower ring. In these cases, the software interrupt or I/O instruction which generates the ring transition is replaced by a call to a program executing at the higher ring level. Thus, the software interrupt instruction or I/O instruction is redirected to code that resides at the same protection level and emulates the effects of the instruction, resulting in improved execution speed. In the Intel 80×86 family of microprocessors, both the software interrupt instruction and the I/O instruction take two bytes to encode. It is thus possible to replace the instruction with the op-code for a segment:offset far call, letting the instruction stream dictate the offset for the call. By manipulating the base address of the segment, the target entry point can be controlled, and no ring transitions are needed to process the resulting call. After an instruction has been patched once, it remains patched for each subsequent execution. Thus, each software interrupt instruction and/or I/O instruction need only be patched once.
    • 描述了用于消除不必要的环转换的系统,方法和计算机可读介质。 通常,所需的系统服务或I / O操作可以在较高的环等级(例如环3)完全执行,无需转换到下环。 在这些情况下,产生环形转换的软件中断或I / O指令被对较高级别执行的程序的调用所取代。 因此,软件中断指令或I / O指令被重定向到位于相同保护级别的代码,并且模拟指令的影响,从而提高执行速度。 在Intel 80x86系列微处理器中,软件中断指令和I / O指令均需要两个字节进行编码。 因此,可以用段的操作代码替换指令:偏移远程调用,让指令流指示调用的偏移量。 通过操纵段的基地址,可以控制目标入口点,并且不需要环转移来处理结果呼叫。 在指令修补一次之后,它将为每个后续执行保留补丁。 因此,每个软件中断指令和/或I / O指令只需要修补一次。