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    • 1. 发明申请
    • Water-quality assessment system
    • 水质评估体系
    • US20050207939A1
    • 2005-09-22
    • US11006304
    • 2004-12-06
    • Christopher RoussiRobert ShuchmanGuy Meadows
    • Christopher RoussiRobert ShuchmanGuy Meadows
    • G01N33/00G01N33/18
    • G01N33/1886
    • A simple, effective and inexpensive water-quality measurement system comprises a housing suitable for travel on or in a body of water; one or more sensors for measuring water properties as the housing travels; a memory for storing information relating to the measured water properties; and software for processing measured properties. This invention combines into a single, inexpensive, and comprehensive system the sensors, computer hardware, signal-processing, Geographic Information System data, and Decision Support Software. This integration yields a system of novel and unparalleled utility. The water properties measured by the system may include: water temperature, water conductivity, pH level, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, water depth, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), ORP, chlorides, nitrates, and phosphates. A geographic information system (GIS) based on a global positioning satellite (GPS) technology is operative to determine geographic location and other factors, and an internal or external processor is operative to generate a map coordinating one or more of the listed characteristics to one or more of the water properties. A barometric pressure sensor may also be provided. In the preferred embodiment, the housing is a floating buoy.
    • 一种简单,有效和便宜的水质测量系统包括适合在水体上或身体中行进的壳体; 一个或多个传感器,用于当房屋行进时测量水的性质; 用于存储与所测量的水性相关的信息的记忆体; 和用于处理测量属性的软件。 本发明结合了传感器,计算机硬件,信号处理,地理信息系统数据和决策支持软件的单一,廉价,全面的系统。 这种整合产生了一种新颖而无与伦比的实用性的系统。 系统测量的水性可能包括:水温,水电导率,pH值,溶解氧,浊度,水深,盐度,总溶解固体(TDS),ORP,氯化物,硝酸盐和磷酸盐。 基于全球定位卫星(GPS)技术的地理信息系统(GIS)可操作以确定地理位置和其他因素,并且内部或外部处理器用于产生将所列出的特征中的一个或多个协调到一个或多个 更多的水属性。 还可以提供大气压力传感器。 在优选实施例中,壳体是浮动浮标。
    • 2. 发明授权
    • Antenna structures based upon a generalized hausdorff design approach
    • 基于广义Hausdorff设计方法的天线结构
    • US06774844B2
    • 2004-08-10
    • US10216602
    • 2002-08-09
    • Nikolas SuboticChristopher RoussiJoseph Burns
    • Nikolas SuboticChristopher RoussiJoseph Burns
    • H01Q302
    • H01Q9/14H01Q1/38H01Q5/342
    • An approach to antenna design optimizes gain, beam pattern, polarization response, and other qualities through self-replicating patterns based upon iterative transformations and candidate geometric shapes. In the preferred embodiment Hausdorff structures are used to realize &lgr;n-arbitrary different radiation patterns, including patterns optimized for multiple frequencies. The most preferred approach applies a sequence of different Hutchinson operators to different geometric subsets, thereby achieving patterns which are not only arbitrary in terms of wavelength/frequency, but also permit variable radiation patterns and variable polarization other desirable criteria. In addition to the use of variable scaling, geometric patterns, and the like, multiple structures may be placed within the same spatial footprint to permit reception over more bands. A dynamic reconfigurable antenna array is provided according to an alternative embodiment, enabling a single device to be simultaneously tuned to different or multiple frequencies or other response criteria. The antenna array may be made directional in its radiation (or reception) pattern either by changing the configuration of the array, changing the feed points in the array, or electrically steering the pattern using standard beam formatting techniques on multiple taps. Once a particular antenna architecture is defined, electrical or micro-mechanical switches are placed at key points of the structure enabling the pattern to be changed dynamically. Alternatively, a reconfigurable multi-dimensional array may be used having an active area optimized to maximize reception for a desired frequency and/or directionality.
    • 天线设计的方法通过基于迭代变换和候选几何形状的自我复制模式来优化增益,波束图,极化响应和其他质量。 在优选实施例中,Hausdorff结构用于实现羊羔任意不同的辐射图案,包括针对多个频率优化的图案。 最优选的方法是将不同的Hutchinson算子的序列应用于不同的几何子集,从而实现不仅在波长/频率方面是任意的模式,而且还允许可变辐射模式和可变极化其他期望的标准。 除了使用可变缩放,几何图案等之外,多个结构可以被放置在相同的空间足迹内以允许在更多的频带上接收。 根据替代实施例提供动态可重新配置的天线阵列,使得能够将单个设备同时调谐到不同或多个频率或其他响应准则。 天线阵列可以通过改变阵列的配置,改变阵列中的馈电点或使用多个抽头上的标准波束格式化技术来电动地转向图案,使其在其辐射(或接收)模式中被定向。 一旦定义了特定的天线体系结构,电或微机械开关放置在结构的关键点,使得能够动态地改变模式。 或者,可以使用可重新配置的多维阵列,其具有优化的有效区域以最大化期望频率和/或方向性的接收。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Methods and apparatus for reconfiguring antenna array patterns
    • 用于重新配置天线阵列模式的方法和装置
    • US07187325B2
    • 2007-03-06
    • US10348737
    • 2003-01-22
    • Nikolas SuboticChristopher RoussiJoseph BurnsVincent Canella
    • Nikolas SuboticChristopher RoussiJoseph BurnsVincent Canella
    • H01Q3/22H01Q3/00
    • H01Q3/22H01Q1/36H01Q3/01H01Q21/205
    • A substrate is provided with a multiplicity of electrically conductive elements, and the elements are interconnected to form an antenna structure for desired application. Either the antenna pattern itself may be altered according to the invention, or one or more feed points may be changed, or all of the above. As such, the electrically conductive elements may be interconnected to change the directionality of the antenna pattern, the gain, the frequency response, or other operational characteristics. The electrically conductive elements may be arranged in the form of an inchoate antenna pattern or regular array. Switches at key points of the structure enable the pattern to be changed dynamically. Such switching may be carried out in real time in accordance with transmissions/reception characteristics, or in advance using simulations associated with the switched elements.
    • 衬底设置有多个导电元件,并且元件互连以形成用于期望应用的天线结构。 根据本发明可以改变天线图案本身,或者可以改变一个或多个馈送点,或者全部。 因此,导电元件可以互连以改变天线方向性,增益,频率响应或其他操作特性的方向性。 导电元件可以以前卫天线图案或规则阵列的形式布置。 在结构的关键点的切换使得能够动态地改变模式。 这种切换可以根据传输/接收特性实时地进行,或者可以使用与切换的元件相关联的模拟来预先执行。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Self-orienting antenna array systems
    • 自定向天线阵列系统
    • US06762719B2
    • 2004-07-13
    • US10348735
    • 2003-01-22
    • Nikola SuboticChristopher RoussiJoseph Burns
    • Nikola SuboticChristopher RoussiJoseph Burns
    • H01Q302
    • H01Q1/38
    • An antenna pattern disposed on a three-dimensional object is used to optimize gain, beam pattern, polarization response, or other qualities despite or independently of physical orientation. In the preferred embodiment a fractal array is used on a polyhedron, though non-fractal and other self-replicating antenna patterns may be generated through the use of additional transformations and candidate geometric shapes to achieve patterns which are not only arbitrary in terms of wavelength/frequency, but also permit variable radiation patterns and variable polarization other desirable criteria. In addition to the use of variable scaling, geometric patterns, and the like, multiple structures may be placed within the same spatial footprint to permit reception over more bands. As an alternative to a fixed pattern with switches used to swap elements or change feed points, a reconfigurable multi-dimensional array may be used having an active area optimized to maximize reception for a desired frequency and/or direction. This aspect of the invention may exploit flat-panel technology, wherein, for example, a conductor array face on the object may be mapped to an addressable interconnect back plane to achieve a desired level of reconfigurability.
    • 使用设置在三维物体上的天线图案来优化增益,波束图案,极化响应或其他质量,尽管或与物理取向无关。 在优选实施例中,在多面体上使用分形阵列,尽管可以通过使用额外的变换和候选几何形状来生成非分形和其他自复制天线图案,以实现不仅在波长/ 频率,而且还允许可变辐射图和可变极化其他期望的标准。 除了使用可变缩放,几何图案等之外,多个结构可以被放置在相同的空间足迹中以允许在更多的频带上接收。 作为具有用于交换元件或改变馈送点的开关的固定模式的替代,可以使用可重构多维阵列,其具有被优化以最大化期望频率和/或方向的接收的有源区域。 本发明的该方面可以利用平板技术,其中例如,物体上的导体阵列面可以被映射到可寻址互连背板以实现期望的可重新配置水平。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Synthetic-aperture communications receivers
    • 合成孔径通信接收机
    • US06775520B2
    • 2004-08-10
    • US10348736
    • 2003-01-22
    • Nikola SuboticChristopher RoussiJoseph Burns
    • Nikola SuboticChristopher RoussiJoseph Burns
    • H04B1500
    • H04B7/01G01S13/90H04B1/7117H04B2201/70715H04W56/0035
    • The relative movement of a receiver and transmitter in a communications system is used to advantage by electronically synthesizing a larger apparent antenna aperture, thereby increasing signal-to-noise ratio. The approach may be used regardless of whether the transmitter is fixed and the user or vehicle is moving, or the user or vehicle is fixed and the transmitter is moving. According to the method, the apparent angle between the receiver and transmitter is determined relative to the direction of movement and used to produce time-delayed replicas of the received signaling stream which are coherently added to synthesize the increased apparent receiver antenna aperture. Since only the receiver is modified according to the invention, existing transmitters and infrastructures can be used without modification. Although some data buffering is required, only a few number of beams need to be synthesized, in contrast to more complex military SAR configurations.
    • 在通信系统中的接收机和发射机的相对移动通过电子地合成较大的视在天线孔径而有利于增加信噪比。 可以使用该方法,而不管发射机是固定的还是用户或车辆正在移动,或者用户或车辆是固定的,并且发射机正在移动。 根据该方法,相对于移动方向确定接收机和发射机之间的视角,并且用于产生被相干地添加以合成增加的视在接收机天线孔径的接收到的信令流的时间延迟的副本。 由于根据本发明仅修改接收机,所以可以使用现有的发射机和基础设施,而无需修改。 虽然需要一些数据缓冲,但是与更复杂的军事SAR配置相反,只需要合成几个波束。