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    • 6. 发明申请
    • Integrated microelectromechanical wavelength selective switch and method of making same
    • 集成微机电波长选择开关及其制作方法
    • US20070081761A1
    • 2007-04-12
    • US11244778
    • 2005-10-06
    • Christopher DoerrDan Marom
    • Christopher DoerrDan Marom
    • G02B6/34G02B6/26G02B6/42C03B37/022
    • G02B6/12019G02B6/12014G02B6/12033G02B6/3518G02B6/356
    • A fully integrated microelectromechanical (MEMS) 1×K wavelength selective switch (WSS) includes an array of N solid-immersion micromirrors (SIMs) and a K+1 dispersion waveguide arrays that are integrally fabricated together. In one embodiment, the WSS is fabricated in Silicon. In another embodiment, the N actuators of the SIMs are etched in the Silicon layer of a Silicon-on Insulator (SOI) wafer. Thereafter, a Silica layer is deposited on the Silicon layer and the K+1 waveguide arrays and the mirrors for the N SIMs are etched in that Silica layer. In yet another embodiment, the K+1 dispersion waveguide arrays, except for a small portion of the common confocal coupler, are fabricated using a material selected from a group including Silica, sol-gel, polymers, that is deposited on a first wafer selected from a group including Silicon, Saphire, or other glass insulator material and the remaining portion of the common confocal coupler and the N SIMs are fabricated in a Silicon wafer, and the first wafer and Silicon wafer are then butt-coupled together.
    • 完全集成的微机电(MEMS)1xK波长选择开关(WSS)包括N个固体浸没微镜(SIM)阵列和一体制造在一起的K + 1分散波导阵列。 在一个实施例中,WSS在硅中制造。 在另一个实施例中,SIM的N个致动器在硅上绝缘体(SOI)晶片的硅层中被蚀刻。 此后,在硅层上沉积二氧化硅层,并且在该二氧化硅层中蚀刻K + 1波导阵列和N SIM反射镜。 在另一个实施例中,使用选自包括二氧化硅,溶胶 - 凝胶,聚合物在内的材料制造除常规共焦耦合器的一小部分之外的K + 1分散波导阵列,其沉积在所选择的第一晶片上 来自包括硅,Saphire或其它玻璃绝缘体材料的组,并且在硅晶片中制造公共共焦耦合器和N SIM的剩余部分,然后将第一晶片和硅晶片对接在一起。
    • 7. 发明申请
    • Linear optical sampling method and apparatus
    • 线性光学取样方法及装置
    • US20050185255A1
    • 2005-08-25
    • US10782003
    • 2004-02-19
    • Christopher DoerrChristophe DorrerPeter Winzer
    • Christopher DoerrChristophe DorrerPeter Winzer
    • G01J11/00G02F2/00
    • G01J11/00
    • A linear optical sampling apparatus, temporally samples a modulated optical signal using the amplitude of the interference of its electric field with the electric field of a laser pulse. The apparatus includes a 90° optical hybrid that combines the optical signal and laser pulse in order to generate two quadratures interference samples SA and SB. A processor compensates for optical and electrical signal handling imperfections in the hybrid, balanced detectors, and A/D converters used in the optical sampling apparatus. The processor numerically scales the two quadratures interference samples SA and SB over a large collection of samples by imposing that the average = =0 and = and then minimizes 2 /( + )=cos(φB−φA)). This is done by adjusting the phase between the two quadratures (ideally either −π/2 or +π/2) so that cos(φB−φA)) is zero. The processor then generates a demodulated sample signal using the quadratures interference samples SA and SB. According to one feature, the hybrid sets the relative phase between two quadratures of their interferometric component so that the phase sensitivity inherent to linear optics is removed. A variety of hybrid arrangements is disclosed that can be implemented using integrated waveguide technology. The apparatus enables sampling of picosecond pulses up to 640 Gb/s with high sensitivity and temporal resolution.
    • 线性光学采样装置利用其电场的干涉幅度与激光脉冲的电场在时间上对调制光信号进行采样。 该装置包括组合光信号和激光脉冲以产生两个正交干涉样本S A和B B的90°光混合。 处理器补偿在光采样装置中使用的混合,平衡检测器和A / D转换器中的光信号和电信号处理缺陷。 处理器通过将平均值 A 数字地对两个正交干涉样本S A S和S B B进行数字缩放, =< S< B< B< B< 2>< 2< / SUP >>,然后最小化2 A /( 2 +< S< B< 2> 2< / SUP>)= cos(phi)。 这是通过调整两个正交之间的相位(理想地为-pi / 2或+ pi / 2)来完成的,以使得cos(phi-B-ψA) 零。 然后,处理器使用正交干涉样本S SUB和S B B生成解调采样信号。 根据一个特征,混合器设置它们的干涉分量的两个正交之间的相对相位,使得线性光学器件固有的相位灵敏度被去除。 公开了可以使用集成波导技术实现的各种混合布置。 该器件能够以高灵敏度和时间分辨率对高达640 Gb / s的皮秒脉冲进行采样。
    • 8. 发明申请
    • Optical equalizer for intersymbol interference mitigation
    • 用于符号间干扰减轻的光均衡器
    • US20050058459A1
    • 2005-03-17
    • US10922690
    • 2004-08-19
    • Sethumadhavan ChandrasekharAndrew ChraplyvyChristopher DoerrPeter Winzer
    • Sethumadhavan ChandrasekharAndrew ChraplyvyChristopher DoerrPeter Winzer
    • G02F1/01G02B6/26H04B10/02H04B10/18H04J14/00H04J14/02H04B10/00
    • H04B10/2507G02B6/266H04J14/0221
    • A multi-channel optical equalizer for intersymbol interference mitigation compensates for single- or multi-wavelength channels simultaneously and requires few adjustable parameters. The optical equalizer also compensates for overshoots and signal transition degradations in semiconductor optical amplifiers. The equalizer unit uses one control signal for magnitude and one to control signal phase. The equalizer includes a controllable coupling ratio coupler for splitting the light into two portions and a controllable interferometer having two arms, one arm having an additional delay which is equal to an integer multiple of 1/Δf, where Δf is the channel spacing between adjacent wavelengths utilized in the optical system. The controllable interferometer has a controllable delay in a first or second arm for adjusting the relative phase of the light passing therethrough. A coupler combines the two signal portions from the first and second arms to form the equalized output signal. A multistage optical equalizer is implemented using a plurality of optical signal equalizers.
    • 用于符号间干扰减轻的多通道光学均衡器同时补偿单波长或多波长通道,并且需要很少的可调参数。 光学均衡器还补偿半导体光放大器中的过冲和信号转换劣化。 均衡器单元使用一个控制信号的幅度和一个来控制信号相位。 均衡器包括可控耦合比耦合器,用于将光分成两部分,以及具有两个臂的可控干涉仪,一个臂具有等于1 / Deltaf的整数倍的附加延迟,其中Deltaf是相邻波长之间的信道间隔 用于光学系统。 可控干涉仪在第一或第二臂中具有可控制的延迟,用于调节通过其中的光的相对相位。 耦合器组合来自第一和第二臂的两个信号部分以形成均衡的输出信号。 使用多个光信号均衡器来实现多级光学均衡器。
    • 9. 发明申请
    • Integrateable band filter using waveguide grating routers
    • 使用波导光栅路由器的可积分带滤波器
    • US20050053323A1
    • 2005-03-10
    • US10657846
    • 2003-09-09
    • Christopher Doerr
    • Christopher Doerr
    • G02B6/34G02B6/26G02B6/42
    • G02B6/12021
    • The inventors propose herein a novel band filter design for planar lightwave circuits. In one embodiment of the present invention, the band filter includes two waveguide grating routers connected by sets of substantially equal path length waveguides within each set separated on one side, wherein the waveguides of each set are formed such that optical signals having overlapping frequency ranges are propagated through adjacent waveguides. In addition, the waveguides of each set are spaced at their connection to the second waveguide grating router such that optical signals with predetermined optical frequency ranges are routed to selected, respective output ports. Some of the advantages of this novel band filter include compactness, sharp passband corners, and a lack of chromatic dispersion.
    • 本发明人在此提出了一种用于平面光波电路的新型带滤波器设计。 在本发明的一个实施例中,带滤波器包括两个波导光栅路由器,它们通过在一侧分离的每组中的基本上相等的路径长度波导的组合来连接,其中每组的波导被形成为使得具有重叠频率范围的光信号是 通过相邻的波导传播。 此外,每组的波导在与第二波导光栅路由器的连接处间隔开,使得具有预定光频范围的光信号被路由到选定的相应输出端口。 这种新颖的带式滤波器的一些优点包括紧凑性,尖锐的通带拐角和缺乏色散。
    • 10. 发明申请
    • Method and apparatus for mode conversion in a tunable laser
    • 可调谐激光器中模式转换的方法和装置
    • US20050036739A1
    • 2005-02-17
    • US10641519
    • 2003-08-15
    • Christopher DoerrLawrence Stulz
    • Christopher DoerrLawrence Stulz
    • G02B6/30G02B6/34G02B6/42G02B6/26
    • G02B6/12019G02B6/12011G02B6/12033G02B6/30G02B6/4201
    • Spot-size conversion for interfacing a first optical element having a higher refractive index to a second optical element having a lower refractive index is achieved through the use of two optical star couplers coupled to each other through a plurality of optical paths embedded in a planar waveguide. The beam from the high refractive index element is introduced into a high numerical aperture (NA) star coupler, which directs the beam through a plurality of optical paths to a second star coupler with a lower numerical aperture than the first star coupler so that its output spot-size is larger. The output port of the second star coupler is interfaced to the lower refractive index element. Wavelength tunability can be provided by including phase shifters in the paths between the two star couplers to alter the effective optical lengths of the paths to selectively produce the desired phase interference pattern.
    • 通过使用通过嵌入在平面波导中的多个光路彼此耦合的两个光学星形耦合器来实现具有较高折射率的第一光学元件与具有较低折射率的第二光学元件接合的点尺寸转换 。 来自高折射率元件的光束被引入高数值孔径(NA)星形耦合器中,其将光束通过多个光路引导到具有比第一星形耦合器更低的数值孔径的第二星形耦合器,使得其输出 斑点尺寸较大。 第二星形耦合器的输出端口连接到较低折射率元件。 可以通过在两个星形耦合器之间的路径中包括移相器来改变路径的有效光学长度以选择性地产生期望的相位干涉图案来提供波长可调性。