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1. 再颁专利

USRE38940E1 Synchronous-rectified DC to DC converter with improved current sensing 有权
标题翻译：具有改进电流检测功能的同步整流DC-DC转换器
公开(公告)号：USRE38940E1
公开(公告)日：2006-01-24
申请号：US10282753
申请日：2002-10-29
申请人： Robert H. Isham , Charles E. Hawkes , Michael M. Walters
发明人： Robert H. Isham , Charles E. Hawkes , Michael M. Walters
IPC分类号： G05F1/613
CPC分类号： H02M3/1588 , H02M2001/0009 , Y02B70/1466
摘要： A DC to DC buck pulse width modulator converter circuit includes an input, a high side output and a low side output. A high side switch is electrically connected between a common output node and a voltage supply, and controls a flow of current therethrough dependent upon the high side output. A low side switch is electrically connected between the common output node and ground, and controls a flow of current therethrough dependent upon the low side output. A virtual ground amplifier includes a second input electrically connected to ground. A current feedback resistor is electrically connected intermediate the common output node and a first input of the virtual ground amplifier. A variable impedance component is electrically connected to an output of the virtual ground amplifier and to the first input of the virtual ground amplifier. The impedance of the variable impedance component is varied dependent upon the output of the virtual ground amplifier. A sample and hold circuit is electrically connected intermediate the input of the pulse width modulator converter circuit and the variable impedance component. The sample and hold circuit sources a virtual ground current through the variable impedance component, and samples the virtual ground current.
摘要翻译： DC至DC降压脉宽调制器转换器电路包括输入端，高端输出端和低端输出端。高侧开关电连接在公共输出节点和电压源之间，并根据高侧输出控制电流流过。低侧开关电连接在公共输出节点和地之间，并根据低端输出控制电流流过。虚拟地面放大器包括电连接到地的第二输入端。电流反馈电阻器电连接在公共输出节点和虚拟接地放大器的第一输入端之间。可变阻抗分量电连接到虚拟接地放大器的输出端和虚拟接地放大器的第一输入端。可变阻抗分量的阻抗取决于虚拟接地放大器的输出而变化。采样和保持电路电连接在脉宽调制器转换器电路的输入端和可变阻抗部件之间。采样和保持电路通过可变阻抗分量产生虚拟接地电流，并对虚拟接地电流进行采样。

2. 再颁专利

USRE38846E1 Multi-phase converter with balanced currents 有权
标题翻译：具有平衡电流的多相转换器
公开(公告)号：USRE38846E1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-25
申请号：US10375926
申请日：2003-02-26
申请人： Michael M. Walters , Charles E. Hawkes , Robert H. Isham
发明人： Michael M. Walters , Charles E. Hawkes , Robert H. Isham
IPC分类号： H02M3/22 , G05F1/40 , G06F1/10 , G06F1/26 , H02M3/00
CPC分类号： G06F1/28 , H02M3/1584
摘要： A multi-phase DC/DC converter having an output voltage and including a plurality of converter channels. Each converter channel includes a converter channel input and a converter channel output. Each converter channel is configured for generating a converter channel current and for adjusting said converter channel current in response to a control signal electrically connected to each converter channel input. A control circuit generates an error signal representative of a comparison of the converter output voltage to a reference voltage. The control circuit includes a plurality of control circuit channels, each of which correspond to a converter channel. Each control circuit channel generates a channel current signal representative of a corresponding converter channel current, and generates a differential channel current signal representative of a comparison of the channel current signal to an average current signal. The average current signal is representative of an overall average current for the converter channels. Each control circuit channel generates a differential error signal representative of a comparison of the error signal to the differential channel current signal. Each control circuit channel includes a pulse width modulator having a ramp input and a control input. The control input is electrically connected to the differential error signal. The pulse width modulator generates the control signal based upon the differential error signal. The control signal is electrically coupled to a corresponding converter channel input. The control circuit generates the average current signal.
摘要翻译：一种具有输出电压并包括多个转换器通道的多相DC / DC转换器。每个转换器通道包括转换器通道输入和转换器通道输出。每个转换器通道被配置为响应于电连接到每个转换器通道输入的控制信号而产生转换器通道电流并用于调整所述转换器通道电流。控制电路产生代表转换器输出电压与参考电压的比较的误差信号。控制电路包括多个控制电路通道，每个控制电路通道对应于转换器通道。每个控制电路通道产生表示对应的转换器通道电流的通道电流信号，并且产生代表通道电流信号与平均电流信号的比较的差分通道电流信号。平均电流信号代表转换器通道的总平均电流。每个控制电路通道产生代表误差信号与差分通道电流信号的比较的差分误差信号。每个控制电路通道包括具有斜坡输入和控制输入的脉宽调制器。控制输入与差分误差信号电连接。脉冲宽度调制器根据差分误差信号产生控制信号。控制信号电耦合到相应的转换器通道输入端。控制电路产生平均电流信号。

3. 发明授权

US06246220B1 Synchronous-rectified DC to DC converter with improved current sensing 有权
标题翻译：具有改进电流检测功能的同步整流DC-DC转换器
公开(公告)号：US06246220B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-12
申请号：US09633316
申请日：2000-08-07
申请人： Robert H. Isham , Charles E. Hawkes , Michael M. Walters
发明人： Robert H. Isham , Charles E. Hawkes , Michael M. Walters
IPC分类号： G05F1613
CPC分类号： H02M3/1588 , H02M2001/0009 , Y02B70/1466
摘要： A DC to DC buck pulse width modulator converter circuit includes an input, a high side output and a low side output. A high side switch is electrically connected between a common output node and a voltage supply, and controls a flow of current therethrough dependent upon the high side output. A low side switch is electrically connected between the common output node and ground, and controls a flow of current therethrough dependent upon the low side output. A virtual ground amplifier includes a second input electrically connected to ground. A current feedback resistor is electrically connected intermediate the common output node and a first input of the virtual ground amplifier. A variable impedance component is electrically connected to an output of the virtual ground amplifier and to the first input of the virtual ground amplifier. The impedance of the variable impedance component is varied dependent upon the output of the virtual ground amplifier. A sample and hold circuit is electrically connected intermediate the input of the pulse width modulator converter circuit and the variable impedance component. The sample and hold circuit sources a virtual ground current through the variable impedance component, and samples the virtual ground current.
摘要翻译： DC至DC降压脉宽调制器转换器电路包括输入端，高端输出端和低端输出端。高侧开关电连接在公共输出节点和电压源之间，并根据高侧输出控制电流流过。低侧开关电连接在公共输出节点和地之间，并根据低端输出控制电流流过。虚拟地面放大器包括电连接到地的第二输入端。电流反馈电阻器电连接在公共输出节点和虚拟接地放大器的第一输入端之间。可变阻抗分量电连接到虚拟接地放大器的输出端和虚拟接地放大器的第一输入端。可变阻抗分量的阻抗取决于虚拟接地放大器的输出而变化。采样和保持电路电连接在脉宽调制器转换器电路的输入端和可变阻抗部件之间。采样和保持电路通过可变阻抗分量产生虚拟接地电流，并对虚拟接地电流进行采样。

4. 发明授权

US5982160A DC-to-DC converter with inductor current sensing and related methods 有权
标题翻译：具有电感电流检测和相关方法的直流 - 直流转换器
公开(公告)号：US5982160A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-09
申请号：US220780
申请日：1998-12-24
申请人： Michael M. Walters , Charles E. Hawkes
发明人： Michael M. Walters , Charles E. Hawkes
IPC分类号： G05F1/10 , G01R19/00 , H02M3/155 , H02M3/156 , G05F1/40
CPC分类号： H02M3/156 , H02M2001/0009
摘要： A DC-to-DC power converter includes at least one power switch, a pulse width modulation circuit for generating control pulses for the at least one power switch, an output inductor connected to the at least one power switch, and a current sensor connected in parallel with the inductor for sensing current passing through the inductor. The current sensor preferably includes a resistor and a capacitor connected together in series. The current sensor is connected to a peak current control loop circuit cooperating with the pulse width modulation circuit for controlling the at least one power switch responsive to the current sensor. The resistor and capacitor preferably have respective values so that the current sensor is a substantially instantaneous current sensor. The output inductor has an inductance and a direct current (DC) resistance defining a first time constant. In one embodiment, the resistor and capacitor of the current sensor define a second time constant within a predetermined range of each other. In another embodiment, the resistor and capacitor of the current sensor define a second time constant substantially equal to the first time constant.
摘要翻译： DC-DC电力转换器包括至少一个电源开关，用于产生用于至少一个电源开关的控制脉冲的脉冲宽度调制电路，连接到至少一个电源开关的输出电感器，以及连接到与电感并联，用于感测电流通过电感。电流传感器优选地包括串联连接在一起的电阻器和电容器。电流传感器连接到与脉宽调制电路配合的峰值电流控制环路，用于响应于电流传感器控制至少一个电源开关。电阻器和电容器优选地具有相应的值，使得电流传感器是基本上瞬时的电流传感器。输出电感器具有定义第一时间常数的电感和直流（DC）电阻。在一个实施例中，电流传感器的电阻器和电容器在彼此的预定范围内限定第二时间常数。在另一个实施例中，电流传感器的电阻器和电容器限定基本上等于第一时间常数的第二时间常数。

5. 发明授权

US5821740A DC-to-DC converter having fast over-current detection and associated methods 失效
标题翻译：具有快速过电流检测和相关方法的DC-DC转换器
公开(公告)号：US5821740A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-13
申请号：US800420
申请日：1997-02-14
申请人： Robert G. Hodgins , Charles E. Hawkes , Michael M. Walters
发明人： Robert G. Hodgins , Charles E. Hawkes , Michael M. Walters
IPC分类号： G05F1/573 , H02H7/12 , H02M1/00 , H02M3/158
CPC分类号： G05F1/573 , H02M3/1588 , H02H7/1213 , H02M1/32 , Y02B70/1466
摘要： A DC-to-DC converter includes a pulse width modulation circuit for modulating a switch to produce current pulses having at least a minimum pulse width to thereby control an output voltage to the load. The converter also includes a current limit determining circuit for determining when a desired peak current is no longer sufficient to maintain a desired output voltage thereby defining a current limit condition. In addition, the pulse width modulating circuit, when operating at the minimum pulse width, thereby defines a minimum pulse width condition. Accordingly, the converter preferably further includes an over-current determining circuit for determining an over-current condition responsive to the minimum pulse width condition being reached during a current limit condition. The converter may turn off the switch responsive to an over-current condition. A blanking signal may be used to clamp a comparator and established a minimum pulse width. Accordingly, a timer may also be used with the blanking signal to determine that the minimum pulse width condition has been reached. Method aspects of the invention are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： DC-DC转换器包括用于调制开关以产生具有至少最小脉冲宽度的电流脉冲从而控制对负载的输出电压的脉宽调制电路。转换器还包括电流限制确定电路，用于确定期望的峰值电流何时不再足以维持期望的输出电压，从而限定电流极限状态。此外，脉冲宽度调制电路在以最小脉冲宽度工作时由此限定最小脉冲宽度条件。因此，转换器优选地还包括过电流确定电路，用于响应于在电流极限状态期间达到的最小脉冲宽度条件来确定过电流状态。转换器可以响应于过电流状态而关闭开关。消隐信号可用于钳位比较器并建立最小脉冲宽度。因此，定时器也可以与消隐信号一起使用以确定已达到最小脉冲宽度条件。还公开了本发明的方法方面。

6. 再颁专利

USRE44910E1 Current mode DC/DC converter with controlled output impedance 有权
标题翻译：具有受控输出阻抗的电流模式DC / DC转换器
公开(公告)号：USRE44910E1
公开(公告)日：2014-05-27
申请号：US13250464
申请日：2011-09-30
申请人： Charles E. Hawkes , Michael M. Walters , Robert H. Isham
发明人： Charles E. Hawkes , Michael M. Walters , Robert H. Isham
IPC分类号： G05F1/56
CPC分类号： H02M3/156 , H02M2001/0019
摘要： A DC/DC converter has an output voltage and sources an output current to a load. The DC/DC converter includes an error amplifier with a reference input and a summing input. The reference input is electrically connected to a reference voltage. The summing input is electrically connected to the output voltage and the output current. The summing input is configured for adding together the output voltage and the output current. The error amplifier issues an error signal and adjusts the error signal dependent at least in part upon the output voltage and the output current. A comparator receives the error signal. The comparator has a ramp input electrically connected to a voltage ramp signal. The comparator issues an output signal that is based at least in part upon said error input. A power switch has an on condition and an off condition, and supplies dc current to the load when in the on condition. The power switch has a control input electrically connected to the comparator output signal. The power switch is responsive to the control input to change between the on condition and the off condition to thereby adjust the output current of the DC/DC converter.
摘要翻译： DC / DC转换器具有输出电压并向负载提供输出电流。 DC / DC转换器包括具有参考输入和求和输入的误差放大器。参考输入电连接到参考电压。求和输入与输出电压和输出电流电连接。相加输入被配置为将输出电压和输出电流相加。误差放大器发出误差信号，并至少部分地根据输出电压和输出电流来调整误差信号。比较器接收错误信号。比较器具有电连接到电压斜坡信号的斜坡输入。比较器至少部分地基于所述误差输入发出输出信号。电源开关处于导通状态和关闭状态，并在接通状态下向负载提供直流电流。电源开关具有电连接到比较器输出信号的控制输入。电源开关响应于控制输入以在接通状态和关闭状态之间改变，从而调节DC / DC转换器的输出电流。

7. 再颁专利

USRE42063E1 Multi-phase converter with balanced currents 有权
标题翻译：具有平衡电流的多相转换器
公开(公告)号：USRE42063E1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-25
申请号：US12325874
申请日：2008-12-01
申请人： Michael M. Walters , Charles E. Hawkes , Robert H. Isham
发明人： Michael M. Walters , Charles E. Hawkes , Robert H. Isham
IPC分类号： G05F1/575 , G05F1/40
CPC分类号： G06F1/28 , H02M3/1584
摘要： A multi-phase DC/DC converter having an output voltage and including a plurality of converter channels. Each converter channel includes a converter channel input and a converter channel output. Each converter channel is configured for generating a converter channel current and for adjusting said converter channel current in response to a control signal electrically connected to each converter channel input. A control circuit generates an error signal representative of a comparison of the converter output voltage to a reference voltage. The control circuit includes a plurality of control circuit channels, each of which correspond to a converter channel. Each control circuit channel generates a channel current signal representative of a corresponding converter channel current, and generates a differential channel current signal representative of a comparison of the channel current signal to an average current signal. The average current signal is representative of an overall average current for the converter channels. Each control circuit channel generates a differential error signal representative of a comparison of the error signal to the differential channel current signal. Each control circuit channel includes a pulse width modulator having a ramp input and a control input. The control input is electrically connected to the differential error signal. The pulse width modulator generates the control signal based upon the differential error signal. The control signal is electrically coupled to a corresponding converter channel input. The control circuit generates the average current signal.
摘要翻译：一种具有输出电压并包括多个转换器通道的多相DC / DC转换器。每个转换器通道包括转换器通道输入和转换器通道输出。每个转换器通道被配置为响应于电连接到每个转换器通道输入的控制信号而产生转换器通道电流并用于调整所述转换器通道电流。控制电路产生代表转换器输出电压与参考电压的比较的误差信号。控制电路包括多个控制电路通道，每个控制电路通道对应于转换器通道。每个控制电路通道产生表示对应的转换器通道电流的通道电流信号，并且产生代表通道电流信号与平均电流信号的比较的差分通道电流信号。平均电流信号代表转换器通道的总平均电流。每个控制电路通道产生代表误差信号与差分通道电流信号的比较的差分误差信号。每个控制电路通道包括具有斜坡输入和控制输入的脉宽调制器。控制输入与差分误差信号电连接。脉冲宽度调制器根据差分误差信号产生控制信号。控制信号电耦合到相应的转换器通道输入端。控制电路产生平均电流信号。

8. 再颁专利

USRE38780E1 Current mode DC/DC converter with controlled output impedance 有权
标题翻译：具有受控输出阻抗的电流模式DC / DC转换器
公开(公告)号：USRE38780E1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-23
申请号：US10375914
申请日：2003-02-26
申请人： Charles E. Hawkes , Michael M. Walters , Robert H. Isham
发明人： Charles E. Hawkes , Michael M. Walters , Robert H. Isham
IPC分类号： H02M3/156 , G05F1/56
CPC分类号： H02M3/156 , H02M2001/0019
摘要： A DC/DC converter has an output voltage and sources an output current to a load. The DC/DC converter includes an error amplifier with a reference input and a summing input. The reference input is electrically connected to a reference voltage. The summing input is electrically connected to the output voltage and the output current. The summing input is configured for adding together the output voltage and the output current. The error amplifier issues an error signal and adjusts the error signal dependent at least in part upon the output voltage and the output current. A comparator receives the error signal. The comparator has a ramp input electrically connected to a voltage ramp signal. The comparator issues an output signal that is based at least in part upon said error input. A power switch has an on condition and an off condition, and supplies dc current to the load when in the on condition. The power switch has a control input electrically connected to the comparator output signal. The power switch is responsive to the control input to change between the on condition and the off condition to thereby adjust the output current of the DC/DC converter.
摘要翻译： DC / DC转换器具有输出电压并向负载提供输出电流。 DC / DC转换器包括具有参考输入和求和输入的误差放大器。参考输入电连接到参考电压。求和输入与输出电压和输出电流电连接。相加输入被配置为将输出电压和输出电流相加。误差放大器发出误差信号，并至少部分地根据输出电压和输出电流来调整误差信号。比较器接收错误信号。比较器具有电连接到电压斜坡信号的斜坡输入。比较器至少部分地基于所述误差输入发出输出信号。电源开关处于导通状态和关闭状态，并在接通状态下向负载提供直流电流。电源开关具有电连接到比较器输出信号的控制输入。电源开关响应于控制输入以在接通状态和关闭状态之间改变，从而调节DC / DC转换器的输出电流。

9. 再颁专利

USRE38487E1 Synchronous-rectified DC to DC converter with improved current sensing 有权
标题翻译：具有改进电流检测功能的同步整流DC-DC转换器
公开(公告)号：USRE38487E1
公开(公告)日：2004-04-06
申请号：US10044506
申请日：2002-01-11
申请人： Robert H. Isham , Charles E. Hawkes , Michael M. Walters
发明人： Robert H. Isham , Charles E. Hawkes , Michael M. Walters
IPC分类号： G05F1613
CPC分类号： H02M3/1588 , H02M2001/0009 , Y02B70/1466
摘要： A DC to DC buck pulse width modulator converter circuit includes an input, a high side output and a low side output. A high side switch is electrically connected between a common output node and a voltage supply, and controls a flow of current therethrough dependent upon the high side output. A low side switch is electrically connected between the common output node and ground, and controls a flow of current therethrough dependent upon the low side output. A virtual ground amplifier includes a second input electrically connected to ground. A current feedback resistor is electrically connected intermediate the common output node and a first input of the virtual ground amplifier. A variable impedance component is electrically connected to an output of the virtual ground amplifier and to the first input of the virtual ground amplifier. The impedance of the variable impedance component is varied dependent upon the output of the virtual ground amplifier. A sample and hold circuit is electrically connected intermediate the input of the pulse width modulator converter circuit and the variable impedance component. The sample and hold circuit sources a virtual ground current through the variable impedance component, and samples the virtual ground current.

10. 发明授权

US6058030A Multiple output DC-to-DC converter having enhanced noise margin and related methods 失效
标题翻译：多输出DC-DC转换器具有增强的噪声容限和相关方法
公开(公告)号：US6058030A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-02
申请号：US974862
申请日：1997-11-20
申请人： Charles E. Hawkes , Michael M. Walters , Thomas A. Jochum
发明人： Charles E. Hawkes , Michael M. Walters , Thomas A. Jochum
IPC分类号： H02M3/00 , H02J1/10 , H02M3/156 , G05F1/40 , G05F1/44 , H02M7/00
CPC分类号： H02M3/156 , H02J1/102
摘要： A circuit includes a plurality of DC-to-DC converter circuits and separates in time switching of the respective power switches of the DC-to-DC converter circuits which would otherwise be switching at nearly a same time, such as based upon a same desired output level. The switching time may be separated by inverting a periodic control waveform of at least one of the DC-to-DC converter circuits. The multiple output DC-to-DC converter circuit thereby provides an increased noise margin and operates with greater accuracy and stability. The circuit may also determine when the DC-to-DC converter circuits would otherwise be switching at nearly the same time, and activate the switching time separation responsive thereto. For example, the determination may be made based upon a selectable output level being within a predetermined range of at least one other output level. The circuit in accordance with the invention is particularly advantageous for a single integrated circuit implementation, and may be used, for example, on a portable computer motherboard.
摘要翻译：电路包括多个DC-DC转换器电路，并且在DC-DC转换器电路的各个功率开关的时间切换中分离，否则将在几乎相同的时间进行切换，例如基于相同的期望输出电平。可以通过反转DC-DC转换器电路中的至少一个的周期性控制波形来分离开关时间。多输出DC-DC转换器电路由此提供增加的噪声容限并以更高的精度和稳定性操作。电路还可以确定DC-DC转换器电路何时将在几乎相同的时间切换，并且响应于此激活开关时间分离。例如，可以基于可选择的输出电平在至少一个其他输出电平的预定范围内进行确定。根据本发明的电路对于单个集成电路实现特别有利，并且可以例如用在便携式计算机主板上。

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