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1. 发明授权

US5556425A Esophageal/stomach placement electrode 失效
标题翻译：食管/胃放置电极
公开(公告)号：US5556425A
公开(公告)日：1996-09-17
申请号：US345529
申请日：1994-11-28
申请人： Roy Hewson , J. Richard Hewson , Carl E. Hewson
发明人： Roy Hewson , J. Richard Hewson , Carl E. Hewson
IPC分类号： A61N1/05
CPC分类号： A61N1/0517
摘要： An esophageal/stomach placement electrode comprises a flexible tubular member designed to be inserted into the esophagus and/or stomach. An electrode is carried by the tube in the region of its distal end. The tube is hinged by its distal end which enables the end of the tube to laterally actuate in the esophagus or the stomach. An actuating mechanism is disposed in the tube in the region of the hinge and is controlled from a point external to the body for causing the distal end of the tube to actuate laterally, and engage the esophagus or stomach with it. The inner portion of the hinge is more bendable than the outer portion. Additionally, the control cables are all within the tubular member.
摘要翻译：食道/胃放置电极包括设计成插入食管和/或胃的柔性管状构件。电极在其远端的区域中由管承载。管由其远端铰接，使得管的端部能够在食道或胃中横向致动。致动机构在铰链的区域中设置在管中，并且从外部的点控制，以使管的远端侧向致动，并且与食管接合。铰链的内部比外部部分更可弯曲。此外，控制电缆都在管状构件内。

2. 发明授权

US5197491A Esophageal-stomach displacement electrode 失效
标题翻译：食管胃置换电极
公开(公告)号：US5197491A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-30
申请号：US654227
申请日：1991-02-12
申请人： John Anderson , Carl E. Hewson , David Cochran
发明人： John Anderson , Carl E. Hewson , David Cochran
IPC分类号： A61B5/0408 , A61B5/0478 , A61B5/0492 , A61N1/05 , A61N1/39
CPC分类号： A61N1/0517 , A61N1/0551
摘要： An esophageal-stomach displacement electrode comprises a flexible tubular member designed to be inserted through the esophagus into the stomach. An electrode is carried by the tube in the region of its distal end. The tube is hinged near the distal end which enables that end of the tube to displace angularly in the stomach and displace the stomach wall. The stomach wall displacement may occur by angularly displacing the distal end or by otherwise pulling the tube partially out of the esophagus after its distal end partially displaced toward the stomach wall. A displacement mechanism is disposed in the tube in the region of the hinge and is controlled from a point externally of the body for causing the distal end of the tube to displace angularly, and to be positioned to engage and displace the stomach.
摘要翻译：食管胃置换电极包括设计成通过食道插入胃中的柔性管状构件。电极在其远端的区域中由管承载。管在远端附近铰接，使得管的端部能够在胃中成角度位移并且移位胃壁。胃壁位移可以通过角部位移远端或者在将其远端部分地朝向胃壁部分移位之后将管部分地从食道拉出而发生。位于移动机构中的管中位于铰链的区域内，并且从主体外部的点控制，以使管的远端成角度地位移，并被定位成接合和移位胃。

3. 发明授权

US4960133A Esophageal electrode 失效
标题翻译：食管电极
公开(公告)号：US4960133A
公开(公告)日：1990-10-02
申请号：US273928
申请日：1988-11-21
申请人： Carl E. Hewson
发明人： Carl E. Hewson
IPC分类号： A61N1/05
CPC分类号： A61N1/0517 , A61N1/362 , A61N1/39
摘要： A technique has been devised to pace the heart, defibrillate the heart, or ventilate the lungs of a patient using extremely low electrical power. These techniques use an internal esophageal electrode as the basic common terminal with chest electrodes positioned to direct a particular current to a particular place depending on whether pacing, defibrillation or ventilation is to be accomplished. In accordance with the present invention a particular configuration of multiple ring electrodes has been devised to facilitate these techniques.
摘要翻译：已经设计了一种技术，以便使心脏起搏，除颤心脏或使用极低的电力使患者的肺部通气。这些技术使用内部食管电极作为基本公共端子，胸部电极定位成根据是否要实现起搏，除颤或通气来将特定电流引导到特定的位置。根据本发明，已经设计了多个环形电极的特定配置以便于这些技术。

4. 发明授权

US4735206A Method and apparatus for defibrillating and pacing the heart 失效
标题翻译：用于除颤和起搏心脏的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4735206A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-05
申请号：US916201
申请日：1986-10-07
申请人： Carl E. Hewson
发明人： Carl E. Hewson
IPC分类号： A61N1/05 , A61N1/362 , A61N1/39 , A61N1/36
CPC分类号： A61N1/0517 , A61N1/39 , A61N1/362
摘要： When the heart is in ventricular fibrillation, the heart cells that stimulate the heart muscles produce rapid repetitive excitation without coordinated contraction of the ventricle. There is no effective simultaneous action to make the heart beat in a rhythmic fashion. A defibrillator delivers to the heart cells and muscles, enough voltage to override the erratic voltages in the heart (called repolarization) so they can rearrange themselves with order. The heart can then start over to deliver a regular rhythm.In accordance with the present invention, two small intimately located electrodes, one in the lower esophagus where it is intimate to the posterior section of the heart and the other small electrode on the chest over the sternum where it is close to the anterior portion of the heart, provide a precise electrical path between the two electrodes. A regulated power supply is turned on, and a relatively small voltage builds from zero over a period of approximately three-tenths of a second to its peak of approximately 150 volts. During this period, gentle repolarizing of the heart takes place. When the heart is repolarized, the heart cells become neutral. They are vulnerable to a stimulas. In accordance with a second embodiment of this invention, the defibrillation pulse is immediately followed by a stimulas in the form of pacing pulses that are at the rate of approximately 70 to 100 pulses per minute and of a magnitude of approximately 75 to 150 milliamps. The switch from one mode to the other is made without changing the location of the electrodes.
摘要翻译：当心脏处于心室颤动时，刺激心脏肌肉的心脏细胞产生快速的重复激发而无需协调的心室收缩。没有有效的同时行动，以节奏的方式使心脏跳动。除颤器将心脏细胞和肌肉递送到足够的电压以覆盖心脏中不稳定的电压（称为复极化），以便它们可以按顺序重新排列。心脏然后可以重新开始传递正常的节奏。根据本发明，两个小的紧密定位的电极，一个位于下食管中，其与心脏的后部部分紧密相连，另一个位于胸部胸部上的小电极，靠近胸骨的前部心脏，在两个电极之间提供精确的电路径。稳压电源接通，相当小的电压在大约三分之一秒的时间内从零建立到其大约150伏的峰值。在此期间，心脏的温和复极化发生。当心脏复极化时，心脏细胞变得中性。他们容易受到刺激。根据本发明的第二实施例，除颤脉冲紧随其后是起搏脉冲形式的刺激，其速率为每分钟约70至100个脉冲，大约为75至150毫安。在不改变电极的位置的情况下，从一种模式切换到另一种模式。

5. 发明授权

US5170803A Esophageal displacement electrode 失效
标题翻译：食管置换电极
公开(公告)号：US5170803A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-15
申请号：US589995
申请日：1990-09-28
申请人： Carl E. Hewson , John R. Hewson
发明人： Carl E. Hewson , John R. Hewson
IPC分类号： A61N1/05
CPC分类号： A61N1/0517 , A61N1/362
摘要： An esophageal displacement electrode comprises a flexible tubular member designed to be inserted into the esophagus. An electrode is carried by the tube in the region of its distal end. The tube is hinged near the distal end which enables that end of the tube to displace laterally in the esophagus and laterally displace the esophagus. A displacement mechanism is disposed in the tube in the region of the hinge and is controlled from a point externally of the body for causing the distal end of the tube to displace laterally, and engage and displace the esophagus with it.
摘要翻译：食管置换电极包括设计成插入食道的柔性管状构件。电极在其远端的区域中由管承载。该管在远端附近铰接，使得管的端部能够在食管中横向移位并横向移位食道。移位机构设置在管中的铰链区域中，并且从身体外部的点控制，以使管的远端横向移位，并与其接合和置换食道。

6. 发明授权

US5052390A Method and apparatus for defibrillating the heart using internal esophageal electrode and external chest electrode 失效
标题翻译：使用内部食管电极和外部电极去除心脏的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5052390A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-01
申请号：US214778
申请日：1988-07-05
申请人： Carl E. Hewson
发明人： Carl E. Hewson
IPC分类号： A61N1/05 , A61N1/39
CPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/0517 , A61N1/395
摘要： When the heart is in ventricular fibrillation, the heart cells that stimulate the heart muscles produce rapid repetitive excitation without coordinated contraction of the ventricle. There is no effective simultaneous action to make the heart beat in a ryhthmic fashion. A defibrillator delivers to the heart cells and muscles, enough voltage to override the erratic voltages in the heart (called repolarization) so they can rearrange themselves with order. The heart can then start over to deliver a regular rhythm.Atrial defibrillation is achieved with an internal esophageal electrode and an external chest electrode placed approximately on a line between the two nipples and part way between the sternum and the left nipple. This provides a precise path for the defibrillating pulse and consequently a very efficient path, so that defibrillation is accomplished with very low power of 30 to 70 joules (average 50 joules) compared to what is normally used, namely, 100 to 360 joules.Also in accordance with this invention, ventricular defibrillation is achieved with an internal esophageal electrode and an external chest electrode placed approximately over the apex of the left ventricle. This provides a precise path for the defibrillating pulse, and consequently a very efficient path so that the power of the same magnitude as those used for atrial defibrillation are used for ventricular defibrillation.
摘要翻译：当心脏处于心室颤动时，刺激心脏肌肉的心脏细胞产生快速的重复激发而无需协调的心室收缩。没有有效的同时采取行动，以心灵的方式使心脏跳动。除颤器将心脏细胞和肌肉递送到足够的电压以覆盖心脏中不稳定的电压（称为复极化），以便它们可以按顺序重新排列。心脏然后可以重新开始传递正常的节奏。内部除颤是通过内部食管电极和外部胸部电极实现的，大致在两个乳头之间的线上，并且在胸骨和左乳头之间的一部分。这为除颤脉冲提供了一条精确的路径，从而为非常有效的路径提供了一个精确的路径，因此除了通常使用的30到70焦耳（平均50焦耳），即100到360焦耳之外，除颤是完成的。同样根据本发明，通过内部食管电极和放置在左心室的顶点附近的外部胸部电极来实现心室除颤。这提供了去纤颤脉冲的精确路径，因此提供了非常有效的路径，使得与用于心房除颤的功率相同的功率用于心室除颤。

7. 发明授权

US5036848A Method and apparatus for controlling breathing employing internal and external electrodes 失效
标题翻译：使用内部和外部电极控制呼吸的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5036848A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-06
申请号：US421807
申请日：1989-10-16
申请人： Carl E. Hewson
发明人： Carl E. Hewson
IPC分类号： A61M16/00 , A61N1/05 , A61N1/32 , A61N1/36
CPC分类号： A61N1/3601 , A61N1/0517
摘要： A method of stimulating breathing which comprises the steps of positioning a non-invasive internal electrode in the esophagus and two external electrodes on the chest. A pulsed stimulation of approximately two seconds duration is interposed across the electrodes with a magnitude of the successive pulses in each stimulation increasing linearly. An interval of approximately three seconds is interposed between successive stimulations. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polarity of successive electrical stimulations is reversed.
摘要翻译：一种刺激呼吸的方法，包括将非侵入性内部电极定位在食道和胸部两个外部电极的步骤。大约两秒持续时间的脉冲刺激插入在电极之间，每个刺激中连续脉冲的幅度线性增加。在连续刺激之间插入约3秒的间隔。在本发明的优选实施例中，连续电刺激的极性相反。

8. 发明授权

US4683890A Method and apparatus for controlled breathing employing internal and external electrodes 失效
标题翻译：使用内部和外部电极的受控呼吸的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4683890A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-04
申请号：US914244
申请日：1986-10-02
申请人： Carl E. Hewson
发明人： Carl E. Hewson
IPC分类号： A61N1/04 , A61N1/05 , A61N1/36
CPC分类号： A61N1/0452 , A61N1/0492 , A61N1/05 , A61N1/0408
摘要： The invention relates to apparatus for inducing humans to breathe and comprises a first internal electrode having a contact which is disposed in the lower portion of the esophagus, and second and third external electrodes which are placed over the left and right sides of the chest on the pectoral muscles in the area of the nipples above the rib cage. An electrical circuit is connected to the electrodes and imposes a pulsed charge between the internal and external electrodes which stimulates the muscles of the diaphragm causing the patient's lungs to expand, which is the same as taking a breath. The pulsed charges will be at the rate of approximately 10 to 18 pulses per minute. With a pulse rate of 12 per minute each pulse increases from zero to maximum in approximately two seconds, followed by a drop to zero with a dwell period of approximately three seconds. The pulse is limited to approximately 100 milliamperes and a selected variable voltage of up to 50 volts.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及用于诱导人呼吸的装置，并且包括设置在食管下部的接触件的第一内部电极，以及置于胸部左侧和右侧的第二和第三外部电极在胸骨上方的乳头区域的胸肌。电路连接到电极，并且在内部和外部电极之间施加脉冲电荷，其刺激隔膜的肌肉，使得患者的肺膨胀，这与呼吸相同。脉冲电荷的速度约为每分钟10至18个脉冲。脉冲速率为每分钟12次，每个脉冲在大约两秒钟内从零增加到最大值，随后在约3秒的停留时间内将其降至零。脉冲被限制在大约100毫安，选择的可变电压高达50伏特。

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