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1. 发明授权

US5440727A Asynchronous replica management in shared nothing architectures 失效
标题翻译：共享无架构中的异步复制管理
公开(公告)号：US5440727A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-08
申请号：US276130
申请日：1994-07-15
申请人： Anupam K. Bhide , George P. Copeland , Ambuj Goyal , Hui-I Hsiao , Anant D. Jhingran , Chandrasekaran Mohan
发明人： Anupam K. Bhide , George P. Copeland , Ambuj Goyal , Hui-I Hsiao , Anant D. Jhingran , Chandrasekaran Mohan
IPC分类号： G06F11/14 , G06F11/00 , G06F15/00
CPC分类号： G06F17/30368 , G06F17/30578 , G06F17/30371 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： In a partitioned database system of the Shared Nothing type, one or more secondary replicas of each partition are maintained by spooling (i.e., asynchronously sending) modified (usually called dirty) pages from the primary replica to the secondary replica(s) rather than by using a synchronous page update or by sending log entries instead of entire pages. A Write-Ahead Log protocol is used so that a dirty page is not forced to non-volatile storage until a log record of the modification is created and written to non-volatile storage. Replica updating does not delay the committing of transactions because replica updating is done asynchronously with respect to transaction processing. Since dirty pages are sent rather than only log entries, disk accesses and processing at the secondary replica(s) arising from the maintaining of the replicas are minimized as well. Only one centrally accessible log is maintained for all replicas of the same partition.
摘要翻译：在“共享无”类型的分区数据库系统中，每个分区的一个或多个次要副本通过将修改（通常称为脏）页面从主副本转发到次要副本而不是由使用同步页面更新或通过发送日志条目而不是整个页面。使用写入前端日志协议，以便在创建修改日志记录并将其写入非易失性存储器之前，脏页面不会被强制转换为非易失性存储。副本更新不会延迟交易的提交，因为副本更新是相对于事务处理异步完成的。由于发送脏页而不是仅记录日志条目，所以由副本的维护引起的辅助副本的磁盘访问和处理也被最小化。对于同一分区的所有副本，只能维护一个可集中访问的日志。

2. 发明授权

US5625811A Method and system for database load balancing 失效
标题翻译：数据库负载平衡的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US5625811A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-29
申请号：US332323
申请日：1994-10-31
申请人： Anupam K. Bhide , Daniel M. Dias , Ambuj Goyal , Francis N. Parr , Joel L. Wolf
发明人： Anupam K. Bhide , Daniel M. Dias , Ambuj Goyal , Francis N. Parr , Joel L. Wolf
IPC分类号： G06F9/50 , G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F9/5061 , G06F17/30584 , G06F9/5083 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99956
摘要： A method and system are provided for partitioning a database and for balancing the processing load among processing nodes in a data processing system. A database partition is stored at each node and a logical owner node is assigned to each partition. The logical owner becomes responsible for all database requests related to the corresponding partition. Techniques for optimally assigning logical owners to all partitions in a system are provided and are responsive to parameters such as the load at each node, the combined load of the system, and the total number of assignments allowed. Techniques are also provided to accomplish the transfer of partition ownership between processing nodes when multiple transactions related to the partition are simultaneously occurring.
摘要翻译：提供了一种方法和系统，用于对数据库进行分区并在数据处理系统中平衡处理节点之间的处理负荷。数据库分区存储在每个节点，逻辑所有者节点被分配给每个分区。逻辑所有者对与相应分区相关的所有数据库请求负责。提供了将逻辑所有者最佳地分配给系统中的所有分区的技术，并且响应于诸如每个节点处的负载，系统的组合负载以及允许的分配总数等参数。当提供与分区相关的多个事务同时发生时，还提供了技术来完成处理节点之间的分区所有权的传送。

3. 发明授权

US5557770A Disk storage apparatus and method for converting random writes to sequential writes while retaining physical clustering on disk 失效
标题翻译：磁盘存储装置和方法，用于将随机写入转换为顺序写入，同时保留磁盘上的物理聚类
公开(公告)号：US5557770A
公开(公告)日：1996-09-17
申请号：US36636
申请日：1993-03-24
申请人： Anupam K. Bhide , Daniel M. Dias
发明人： Anupam K. Bhide , Daniel M. Dias
IPC分类号： G06F3/06 , G06F13/10 , G11B20/12 , G11B27/32 , G06F12/16
CPC分类号： G06F3/0601 , G11B20/1252 , G11B27/329 , G06F2003/0697
摘要： A high performance disk subsystem has a disk write mechanism that provides high throughput for random disk writes by dividing the disks into a data portion and a log portion. A fault-tolerant memory in the disk controller is used to temporarily store data blocks or pages which are to be written in the data portion of the disks. The updated blocks are sorted in the fault-tolerant memory in accordance with their physical home location on the data portion of the disks. Sorted runs are temporarily written out to the log portion of the disk. In a parallel process, sorted runs are retrieved from the log portion of the disks, merged in the fault-tolerant memory, and written out to their home location on the data portion of the disks, which converts random disk writes to largely sequential I/O while retaining physical clustering of the data on disk.
摘要翻译：高性能磁盘子系统具有磁盘写入机制，通过将磁盘分成数据部分和日志部分，为随机磁盘写入提供高吞吐量。磁盘控制器中的容错存储器用于临时存储要写入磁盘的数据部分的数据块或页面。更新的块根据其在盘的数据部分上的物理归属位置在容错存储器中排序。排序的运行临时写入磁盘的日志部分。在并行进程中，从磁盘的日志部分检索排序的运行，合并到容错存储器中，并将其写入到磁盘数据部分的归属位置，将随机磁盘写入转换为大部分顺序的I / 同时保留数据在磁盘上的物理聚类。

4. 发明授权

US5432922A Digital storage system and method having alternating deferred updating of mirrored storage disks 失效
标题翻译：具有镜像存储盘的交替延迟更新的数字存储系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5432922A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-11
申请号：US110467
申请日：1993-08-23
申请人： Christos A. Polyzois , Daniel M. Dias , Anupam K. Bhide
发明人： Christos A. Polyzois , Daniel M. Dias , Anupam K. Bhide
IPC分类号： G06F3/06 , G06F11/20 , G06F12/00 , G06F12/16 , G11B27/00 , G11C29/00 , G06F13/10 , G06F12/06
CPC分类号： G06F11/1666 , G06F11/2082 , G11B27/002 , G11C29/74 , G06F11/20 , G11B2220/415 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99955
摘要： A fault-tolerant high performance mirrored disk subsystem is described which has an improved disk writing scheme that provides high throughput for random disk writes and at the same time guarantees high performance for disk reads. The subsystem also has an improved recovery mechanism which provides fast recovery in the event that one of the mirrored disks fails and during such recovery provides the same performance as during non-recovery periods.Data blocks or pages which are to be written to disk are temporarily accumulated and sorted (or scheduled) into an order (or schedule) which can be written to disk efficiently, which in a preferred embodiment is in accordance with the physical location on disk at which each such block will be written. This also generally corresponds to an order which is encountered by a writ head during a physical scan of a disk. The disks of a mirrored pair are operated out of phase with each other, so that one will be in read mode while the other is in write mode. Updated blocks are written out to the disk that is in write mode in sorted order, while guaranteed read performance is provided by the other disk that is in read mode. When a batch of updates has been applied to one disk of a mirrored pair, the mirrored pair switch their modes, and the other disk is updated. Preferably the updates are kept in a non-volatile memory, which furthermore advantageously may be made fault-tolerant as well.During recovery a pair of spare alternating mirrored disks is introduced to which new updates are directed, while a background scan process copies data from the surviving disk to the new mirrored pair.
摘要翻译：描述了容错的高性能镜像磁盘子系统，其具有改进的磁盘写入方案，其为随机磁盘写入提供高吞吐量，并且同时保证磁盘读取的高性能。该子系统还具有改进的恢复机制，在其中一个镜像磁盘发生故障并且在此类恢复期间提供与非恢复期间相同的性能的情况下，可提供快速恢复。要写入磁盘的数据块或页面被临时累积并排序（或调度）成可以有效地写入磁盘的顺序（或时间表），在优选实施例中，这些块或页面与盘上的物理位置相符每个这样的块将被写入。这也通常对应于在盘的物理扫描期间由写入头遇到的顺序。镜像对的磁盘彼此相位操作，因此一个磁盘将处于读取模式，而另一个处于写入模式。已更新的块以排序顺序写入处于写入模式的磁盘，而保证的读取性能由处于读取模式的另一个磁盘提供。当一批更新已应用于镜像对的一个磁盘时，镜像对会切换其模式，而另一个磁盘已更新。优选地，更新被保存在非易失性存储器中，这进一步有利地也可以是容错的。在恢复期间，引入了一对备用交替镜像磁盘，新的更新被引导到其上，而后台扫描过程将数据从幸存磁盘复制到新的镜像对。

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