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1. 发明授权

US4183729A Apparatus and method for determining crystallization properties of urine 失效
标题翻译：用于测定尿液结晶性能的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US4183729A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-15
申请号：US925172
申请日：1978-07-17
申请人： Alan D. Randolph
发明人： Alan D. Randolph
IPC分类号： G01N25/14 , G01N33/487 , G01N15/06 , G01N21/22 , G01N33/16
CPC分类号： G01N25/147 , G01N33/493
摘要： An apparatus and method for determining crystallization properties of urine to study stone formation therein. A continuous crystallizer is loaded with a fluid, or mother liquor, containing synthetic urine and an aliquot of natural urine. The mother liquor is recirculated from an output of the continuous crystallizer back to an input thereof. After stabilization has been achieved in the crystallizer, the crystal populations of the fluid are measured. Measurement is performed by sampling the contents of the continuous crystallizer and measuring the crystal populations of the sample. In the preferred embodiment of the method, calcium and oxalate ions are added to the fluid to study the formation of calcium oxalate in urine. The recirculating fluid is saturated with calcium and oxalate ions using a saturator loaded with calcium oxalate crystals. To study precipitation of crystals, or the absence thereof, in the circulating mother liquor, calcium and oxalate ions are also fed, from separate sources, to the continuous crystallizer. In the apparatus of the invention, a recirculating loop from and to the continuous crystallizer includes a surge tank, a pump, a packed bed saturator, and suitable filters. Sampling is performed using a continuous flow sampling cell, and a particle counter generates an output which is a measure of the crystal populations of the continuous crystallizer. A computing module can then be employed to calculate crystallization properties of the mother liquor as a function of the crystal populations.
摘要翻译：一种用于测定尿液结晶性能以研究其中石料形成的装置和方法。连续结晶器装载含有合成尿液和天然尿等分试样的流体或母液。母液从连续结晶器的输出再循环回其输入。在结晶器中稳定化之后，测量流体的晶体种群。通过对连续结晶器的内容进行取样并测量样品的晶体种群进行测量。在该方法的优选实施方案中，向流体中加入钙和草酸根离子以研究尿中草酸钙的形成。使用装载草酸钙晶体的饱和器，循环流体用钙和草酸根离子饱和。为了研究循环母液中晶体的沉淀或不存在，也从不同的来源将钙和草酸根离子进料到连续结晶器。在本发明的装置中，来自连续结晶器的循环回路包括缓冲罐，泵，填充床饱和器和合适的过滤器。使用连续流采样池进行采样，并且颗粒计数器产生作为连续结晶器的晶体种群的量度的输出。然后可以使用计算模块来计算作为晶体种群的函数的母液的结晶性质。

2. 发明授权

US5618511A Process for producing ammonium sulfate from flue-gas scrubber waste liquor 失效
标题翻译：从废气洗涤塔废液中生产硫酸铵的方法
公开(公告)号：US5618511A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-08
申请号：US516346
申请日：1995-08-11
申请人： Alan D. Randolph , Sudarsan Mukhopadhyay , Taeg M. Kwon
发明人： Alan D. Randolph , Sudarsan Mukhopadhyay , Taeg M. Kwon
IPC分类号： B01D53/60 , B01D53/96 , C01C1/245 , C01F11/46 , C01C1/24
CPC分类号： C01C1/245 , B01D53/60 , B01D53/96 , C01F11/464
摘要： A flue-gas scrubbing-liquor regeneration process that is based on contacting N-S compounds contained in a flue-gas scrubbing liquor with a lime/limestone solution in a double draw-off crystallizer under suitable pH conditions for precipitating calcium salts of N-S compounds. The precipitated crop is filtered and then hydrolyzed in a sulfuric acid environment to produce gypsum and ammonium sulfate in solution. The hydrolyzed slurry is filtered and the filtrate is neutralized with lime to liberate ammonia gas that is then sparged through a sulfuric acid solution to cause the precipitation of commercial-grade ammonium sulfate.
摘要翻译：一种烟道气洗涤液再生方法，其基于将烟道气洗涤液中所含的N-S化合物与双重抽出结晶器中的石灰/石灰石溶液在合适的pH条件下接触以沉淀N-S化合物的钙盐。将沉淀的作物过滤，然后在硫酸环境中水解，在溶液中产生石膏和硫酸铵。将水解的浆液过滤并用石灰中和滤液以释放出氨气，然后将氨气喷射通过硫酸溶液使商业级硫酸铵沉淀。

3. 发明授权

US4294807A System for removing solids from a used lime or limestone slurry scrubbing liquor in flue gas desulfurization 失效
标题翻译：用于从废气脱硫中使用的石灰或石灰石浆料洗涤液中除去固体的系统
公开(公告)号：US4294807A
公开(公告)日：1981-10-13
申请号：US205702
申请日：1980-11-10
申请人： Alan D. Randolph
发明人： Alan D. Randolph
IPC分类号： B01D9/00 , B01D53/50 , C01F11/46 , B01D9/02
CPC分类号： B01D9/0059 , B01D53/501 , C01F11/464 , C01P2004/61
摘要： The flue gas desulfurization process using a lime or limestone slurry scrubbing solution producing used liquor containing calcium sulfite or sulfate (typically gypsum). Precipitated particles are removed by feeding the used scrubbing liquor to an agitated crystallization zone to grow crystals and directing part of the used scrubbing liquor from that zone to a quiescent crystallization zone, in which particles are settled back into the agitated zone. An underflow stream from the agitated zone containing large crystals is combined with an overflow stream from the quiescent zone, which combined stream is clarified with the fines being returned to the scrubber and the large crystals being removed as a waste product. Apparatus for performing the above process in which the agitated and quiescent crystallization zones form part of a single crystallization vessel, and the two zones are separated by a baffle.
摘要翻译：使用石灰或石灰石浆料洗涤溶液产生含有亚硫酸钙或硫酸盐（通常为石膏）的二手液体的烟道气脱硫方法。通过将所使用的洗涤液送入搅拌结晶区以除去沉淀的颗粒，以生长晶体，并将部分使用的洗涤液从该区引导到静止结晶区，其中颗粒沉降到搅拌区中。来自含有大晶体的搅拌区的下溢流与来自静止区的溢流流合并，该混合流被澄清，细粒返回到洗涤器中，并且作为废物除去大晶体。用于进行上述过程的装置，其中搅拌和静止结晶区形成单个结晶容器的一部分，并且两个区域被挡板隔开。

4. 发明授权

US4263010A Control method and apparatus for crystallizer process control 失效
标题翻译：结晶器过程控制的控制方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4263010A
公开(公告)日：1981-04-21
申请号：US90019
申请日：1979-10-31
申请人： Alan D. Randolph
发明人： Alan D. Randolph
IPC分类号： B01D9/00 , G01N15/02
CPC分类号： B01D9/0063 , Y10T436/12
摘要： A control method and apparatus is provided for the on-line control of crystallizer apparatus and the like to maintain predetermined operating parameters including crystal size distribution and growth rate to achieve stable, predetermined optimum continuous crystallizer operation for optimum crystal product output and purity and to avoid process transients, undesirable cycling behavior, system malfunctions and crystallizer downtime. The control method and apparatus develops on-line control signals for the process control of predetermined manipulated process variables in a closed-loop fashion. The control signals are obtained by the on-line measurement of a preconditioned, classified sample of the population distribution of the crystallizer. A zone sensing or light scattering particle analyzer is utilized by the on-line control apparatus to provide population distribution data to the control apparatus. The control apparatus determines various process control variables from the population data and provides control signals to the various manipulated variable control devices to maintain or set process conditions to achieve the desired conditions as measured by the controlled and measured variables in accordance with the control method and apparatus. The control variables developed via population distribution data include nuclei density, nucleation rate, nuclei density/crystallizer slurry density, growth rate, total number of crystals per unit volume, population average size, etc . . . The manipulated process variables of the crystallizer include fines removal rate if a fines removal loop is present, fines loop dissolver control by solvent addition, feed rate of supersaturated input, fines removal size range, pH adjustment to the crystallizer or the fines loop dissolver, crystallizer mixing agitator rate, addition rate of chemical modifiers, and seed addition.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于结晶器装置等的在线控制的控制方法和装置，以保持包括晶体尺寸分布和生长速率在内的预定操作参数，以实现稳定的，预定的最佳连续结晶器操作，以获得最佳的晶体产品输出和纯度，并避免过程瞬变，不良循环行为，系统故障和结晶器停机。控制方法和装置开发在线控制信号，用于以闭环方式对预定的操纵过程变量进行过程控制。控制信号通过在线测量结晶器的种群分布的预处理分类样品获得。在线控制装置利用区域感测或光散射粒子分析器向控制装置提供种群分布数据。控制装置根据种群数据确定各种过程控制变量，并向各种操纵变量控制装置提供控制信号，以维持或设定工艺条件以实现根据控制方法和装置由受控和测量变量测量的所需条件。通过人口分布数据开发的控制变量包括核密度，成核速率，核密度/结晶器浆体密度，生长速率，每单位体积的晶体总数，群体平均大小等。。。结晶器的操作过程变量如果存在细粉去除环，则细粉去除率，通过溶剂添加进行的细管回路溶解器控制，过饱和输入的进料速率，细粉去除尺寸范围，对结晶器或细胞环溶解器的pH调节，结晶器混合搅拌速度，化学改性剂的添加速率和种子添加。

5. 发明授权

US5124265A Method and apparatus for crystallization process control 失效
标题翻译：结晶过程控制的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5124265A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-23
申请号：US601930
申请日：1990-10-15
申请人： Alan D. Randolph
发明人： Alan D. Randolph
IPC分类号： B01D9/00 , C30B7/00 , G01N25/14
CPC分类号： G01N25/147 , B01D9/0036 , C30B29/12 , C30B7/00
摘要： A crystallizer control method and apparatus that generate control signals to manipulated process parameters on the basis of on-line information derived from the measurement of the crystal population in a selected size range in the crystallizer slurry. According to one embodiment of the invention, a particle counter probe is immersed directly into the fines removal circuit of the crystallizer for on-line measurement of crystal population in the 16 to 32 micron size range. The data so collected are then used directly in a standard proportional controller apparatus to manipulate certain operating parameters, such as fines removal rate and feed rate, to effect the desired result. Applying this model-independent control method to a KCl crystallizer, the steady-state conditions of the crystal size distributions were reestablished after an upset in approximately half the time required when no control was applied. The maximum perturbation of the performance index in the controlled case was approximately 65 percent of the magnitude registered without control. The perturbation of the crystal population in the 16-32 micron range was approximately half of that seen without control.
摘要翻译：一种结晶器控制方法和装置，其基于在结晶器浆料中在所选尺寸范围内的晶体群的测量得到的在线信息产生控制信号到操纵过程参数。根据本发明的一个实施例，颗粒计数器探针直接浸入结晶器的细粉去除电路中，用于在16至32微米尺寸范围内的在线测量晶体。然后将如此收集的数据直接用于标准比例控制器装置中以操纵某些操作参数，例如细粒去除速率和进料速率，以实现期望的结果。将这种与模型无关的控制方法应用于KCl结晶器，在不加控制时所需的时间大约一半的时间内，晶体尺寸分布的稳态条件重新建立。在受控情况下，性能指标的最大扰动约为无控制幅度的65％。在16-32微米范围内的晶体群体的扰动大约是没有控制的一半。

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