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    • 5. 发明授权
    • Method for accelerating oxime production
    • 加速肟生产的方法
    • US5334762A
    • 1994-08-02
    • US13278
    • 1993-02-04
    • James P. NeilanDonald J. Gosciniak
    • James P. NeilanDonald J. Gosciniak
    • C07C249/08
    • C07C249/08
    • A method for preparing oximes where an aldehyde or ketone is reacted with hydroxylamine or its salt in the presence of a catalytic amount of an organotin(IV) compound such as monoalkyltin(IV), dialkyltin(IV) and aryltin(IV). The organotin(IV) compound is represented by the formula I:(R.sup.1).sub.n SnX.sub.m-n (I)where R.sup.1 is independently selected from alkyl of 1 to 18 carbons or aryl, X is halogen, oxygen, hydroxyl, OR.sup.1, R.sup.2 CO.sub.2 --, R.sup.2 O.sub.2 C--(Z).sub.y --CO.sub.2 -- or R.sup.2 CO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.y S--, R.sup.2 is alkyl of 1 to 18 carbons or aryl, Z is selected from CH.sub.2 or CH.dbd.CH, where y is 0 to 6, n is 1 or 2 and m is 4 except that when X is oxygen, n is 2 and m is 3. Exemplary of the organotin(IV) compounds are butyltin tris(2-ethylhexanoate), dibutyltin diacetate and diphenyltin dichloride.
    • 一种制备肟的方法,其中醛或酮与羟胺或其盐在催化量的有机锡(IV)化合物如单烷基锡(IV),二烷基锡(IV)和芳基锡(IV))存在下反应。 有机锡(IV)化合物由式I表示:(R1)nSnXm-n(I)其中R1独立地选自1至18个碳的烷基或芳基,X是卤素,氧,羟基,OR1,R2CO2-, R2O2C-(Z)y-CO2-或R2CO2(CH2)yS-,R2是1至18个碳原子的烷基或芳基,Z选自CH 2或CH = CH,其中y为0至6,n为1或2 有机锡(IV)化合物为三(2-乙基己酸)丁基锡,二乙酸二丁基锡和二苯基锡二氯化锡,其中m为4,不同之处在于X为氧时n为2且m为3。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Use of radiation-induced polymers as temporary or permanent diverting agent
    • 使用辐射诱导的聚合物作为临时或永久转移剂
    • US3872923A
    • 1975-03-25
    • US30373772
    • 1972-11-06
    • ICI AMERICA INC
    • KNIGHT BRUCE LRHUDY JOHN SGOGARTY WILLIAM B
    • C09K8/508E21B43/24E21B33/138E21B43/27
    • E21B43/2403C09K8/5083
    • Temporary or permanent permeability reduction or plugging of porous medium to the flow of fluids is effected by treating, preferably by injecting under pressure into the pores, the porous medium with an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble polymer obtained as a product of radiation-induced polymerization of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide and acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and/or alkali metal salts thereof. The polymer has sufficient properties to effect substantial permeability reduction of the porous medium. The polymerization is preferably carried out in 10-60 percent aqueous monomer solution with gamma radiation. A mixture of monomers, before radiation, preferably contain 25-99 percent acrylamide and 75-1 percent sodium acrylate. Permeability can be restored by subsequently treating the porous medium with a chemical to break down the polymer, e.g., hydrazine hypochlorite solution, strong mineral acids, or bases.
    • 多孔介质对流体流动的临时或永久渗透性降低或堵塞通过优选通过将含有作为辐射诱导的产物获得的水溶性聚合物的水溶液处理,优选通过在压力下向孔中注入多孔介质来实现 丙烯酰胺和/或甲基丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸和/或其碱金属盐的聚合。 聚合物具有足够的性能以实现多孔介质的显着的渗透率降低。 聚合优选在具有γ辐射的10-60%单体水溶液中进行。 在辐射之前,单体的混合物优选含有25-99%的丙烯酰胺和75-1%的丙烯酸钠。 通过随后用化学品处理多孔介质以分解聚合物,例如次氯酸肼溶液,强无机酸或碱,可以恢复渗透性。