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    • 83. 发明授权
    • Aerobraking orbit transfer vehicle
    • 航空轨道运输车辆
    • US06550720B2
    • 2003-04-22
    • US09925207
    • 2001-08-09
    • Richard FleeterDaniel B. DeBraPaul GloyerZeno WahlDavid Goldstein
    • Richard FleeterDaniel B. DeBraPaul GloyerZeno WahlDavid Goldstein
    • B64G122
    • B64G1/10B64G1/007B64G1/222B64G1/24B64G1/242B64G1/425B64G1/428B64G1/443B64G1/50B64G1/641B64G2001/224
    • The excess space and weight capacity that is typical of a launch of large satellites to high-energy orbits, such as a geosynchronous orbit, is used to deploy small satellites at a substantially lower-energy orbit, such as a low-earth orbit. An orbit-transfer vehicle provides the navigation, propulsion, and control systems required to transport a payload satellite from a geosynchronous-transfer orbit (GTO) to a predetermined low-earth orbit (LEO). Depending upon the particular configuration, upon achieving the low-earth orbit, the orbit transfer vehicle either releases the payload satellite, or remains attached to the payload satellite to provide support services, such as power, communications, and navigation, to the payload satellite. To reduce the fuel requirements for this deployment via the orbit-transfer vehicle, the orbit-transfer vehicle employs aerobraking to bring the satellite into a low-earth orbit. The aerobraking is preferably performed at a nominal altitude of 150 km above the earth, where the atmosphere is dense enough to allow for a reasonably sized drogue device, yet rare enough to avoid the need for special purpose heat-shielding materials. In a preferred operation, the provider of the orbit-transfer vehicle identifies and secures available excess capacity on geosynchronous-transfer launch vehicles, and allocates the excess capacity to the satellites requiring low-earth orbit deployment, thereby providing a deployment means that is virtually transparent to the purchaser of this deployment service.
    • 将大型卫星发射到高能量轨道(如地球同步轨道)的典型过剩空间和重量容量用于部署基本上较低能量的轨道(如低地球轨道)的小型卫星。 轨道转移车辆提供将有效载荷从地球同步转移轨道(GTO)运输到预定的低地球轨道(LEO)所需的导航,推进和控制系统。 根据具体的配置,在实现低地球轨道时,轨道转移车辆或者释放有效载荷卫星,或者保持附着到有效载荷卫星,以向有效载荷卫星提供诸如电力,通信和导航的支持服务。 为了减少通过轨道转运车辆部署的燃油需求,轨道转运车辆采用航空制动将卫星送入低地球轨道。 气动制动优选地在地球上方150公里的标称高度处进行,其中气氛足够稠密以允许适当尺寸的脱水装置,但足够少以避免需要专用的热屏蔽材料。 在优选的操作中,轨道转移车辆的提供者识别和确保地球同步转移运载火箭上的可用的剩余容量,并且将剩余容量分配给需要低地球轨道部署的卫星,从而提供实际透明的部署装置 给这个部署服务的购买者。
    • 85. 发明授权
    • Heat engine based on shape memory alloys
    • 基于形状记忆合金的热机
    • US4938026A
    • 1990-07-03
    • US444350
    • 1989-12-01
    • David Goldstein
    • David Goldstein
    • F03G7/06
    • F03G7/065
    • A tubular gear made of shape memory alloy in sheet form, having longitudi corrugations and being floatingly supported for rotation about an axis fixedly spaced from the rotational axis of a roller gear in meshing engagement with the corrugations. The tubular gear is sequentially deformed by exposure to radiated heat causing the shape memory alloy to expand circumferentially. Said meshing engagement with roller gear and such deformation of the tubular gear within differential temperature regions established by restricted exposure to the radiated heat; induces and sustains rotation of the tubular gear to convert the heat energy into mechanical energy.
    • 由片形式的形状记忆合金制成的管状齿轮,具有纵向波纹并且被浮动地支撑,用于围绕与滚子齿轮的旋转轴线固定地间隔开的轴线与波纹啮合。 管状齿轮通过暴露于辐射热而依次变形,导致形状记忆合金沿周向膨胀。 所述与滚子齿轮啮合并且通过受限于暴露于辐射热而建立的不同温度区域内的管状齿轮的这种变形; 诱导和维持管状齿轮的旋转,以将热能转换成机械能。