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71. 发明授权

US07106322B2 Dynamically adjusting a sample-to-pixel filter to compensate for the effects of negative lobes 有权
公开(公告)号：US07106322B2
公开(公告)日：2006-09-12
申请号：US09751673
申请日：2000-12-29
申请人： Michael F. Deering
发明人： Michael F. Deering
IPC分类号： G06T15/00
CPC分类号： G09G5/363 , G06F3/011 , G06T11/40
摘要： A graphics system comprises a graphics processor, a sample buffer, and a sample-to-pixel calculation unit. The graphics processor generates samples in response to received stream of graphics data. The sample buffer may be configured to store the samples. The sample-to-pixel calculation unit is programmable to generate a plurality of output pixels by filtering the rendered samples using a filter. A filter having negative lobes may be used. The graphics system computes a negativity value for a first frame. The negativity value measures an amount of pixel negativity in the first frame. In response to the negativity value being above a certain threshold, the graphics systems adjusts the filter function and/or filter support in order to reduce the negativity value for subsequent frames.

72. 发明授权

US07002589B2 Blending the edges of multiple overlapping screen images 有权
公开(公告)号：US07002589B2
公开(公告)日：2006-02-21
申请号：US09809825
申请日：2001-03-16
申请人： Michael F. Deering
发明人： Michael F. Deering
IPC分类号： G09G5/00
CPC分类号： G06T3/0081 , G06T5/002 , G06T5/006 , G06T5/008 , G06T5/20 , G06T5/50 , G06T2200/12 , G06T2207/10024 , H04N9/3147 , H04N9/3185
摘要： A graphics system comprises pixel calculation units and a sample buffer which stores a two-dimensional field of samples. Each pixel calculation unit selects positions in the two-dimensional field at which pixel values (e.g. red, green, blue) are computed. The pixel computation positions are selected to compensate for image distortions introduced by a display device and/or display surface. Non-uniformities in a viewer's perceived intensity distribution from a display surface (e.g. hot spots, overlap brightness) are corrected by appropriately scaling pixel values prior to transmission to display devices. Two or more sets of pixel calculation units driving two or more display devices adjust their respective pixel computation centers to align the edges of two or more displayed images. Physical barriers prevent light spillage at the interface between any two of the display images. Separate pixel computation positions may be used for distinct colors to compensate for color distortions.

73. 发明授权

US06947057B2 Rendering lines with sample weighting 有权
标题翻译：渲染线样品加权
公开(公告)号：US06947057B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-20
申请号：US09752297
申请日：2000-12-29
申请人： Scott R. Nelson , Michael F. Deering , Nandini Ramani , Mark Tian , Patrick Shehane , Kevin Tang
发明人： Scott R. Nelson , Michael F. Deering , Nandini Ramani , Mark Tian , Patrick Shehane , Kevin Tang
IPC分类号： G06F12/02 , G06T11/20 , G09G5/00
CPC分类号： G06T11/40
摘要： A graphics system and method for displaying lines on a display device. The system may comprise a sample buffer, a rendering unit and a sample-to-pixel calculation unit. The rendering unit may (a) generate a plurality of sample positions in a two-dimensional space, (b) determine a sample normal distance for each of the sample positions with respect to a line defined by the line-draw command, (c) assign sample values to the sample positions based on the sample normal distance of each of the sample positions, and (d) store the sample values in the sample buffer. The sample-to-pixel calculation unit may read sample values from the sample buffer, filter them to determine a pixel value, and transmit the pixel value to the display device. The rendering unit may render the line sample values with a narrower width to pre-compensate for the line-expanding effect of the filtering performed by the sample-to-pixel calculation unit.
摘要翻译：用于在显示设备上显示线的图形系统和方法。系统可以包括采样缓冲器，渲染单元和采样到像素计算单元。渲染单元可以（a）在二维空间中生成多个样本位置，（b）针对由划线命令定义的线确定每个样本位置的样本法线距离，（c）根据每个样本位置的样本法线距离，将样本值分配给样本位置，（d）将样本值存储在样本缓冲区中。样本到像素计算单元可以从样本缓冲器读取样本值，对它们进行滤波以确定像素值，并将像素值发送到显示设备。渲染单元可以以较窄的宽度渲染线样本值，以对由采样到像素计算单元执行的滤波的线展宽效果进行预补偿。

74. 发明授权

US06940529B2 Graphics system configured to perform distortion correction 有权
标题翻译：图形系统配置为执行失真校正
公开(公告)号：US06940529B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-06
申请号：US09810112
申请日：2001-03-16
申请人： Michael F. Deering
发明人： Michael F. Deering
IPC分类号： G06T3/00 , G06T5/00 , H04N9/31 , G09G5/00
CPC分类号： G06T3/0081 , G06T5/002 , G06T5/006 , G06T5/008 , G06T5/20 , G06T5/50 , G06T2200/12 , G06T2207/10024 , H04N9/3147 , H04N9/3185
摘要： A graphics system comprises pixel calculation units and a sample buffer which stores a two-dimensional field of samples. Each pixel calculation unit selects positions in the two-dimensional field at which pixel values (e.g. red, green, blue) are computed. The pixel computation positions are selected to compensate for image distortions introduced by a display device and/or display surface. Non-uniformities in a viewer's perceived intensity distribution from a display surface (e.g. hot spots, overlap brightness) are corrected by appropriately scaling pixel values prior to transmission to display devices. Two or more sets of pixel calculation units driving two or more display devices adjust their respective pixel computation centers to align the edges of two or more displayed images. Physical barriers prevent light spillage at the interface between any two of the display images. Separate pixel computation positions may be used for distinct colors to compensate for color distortions.
摘要翻译：图形系统包括像素计算单元和存储二维样本场的样本缓冲器。每个像素计算单元选择计算像素值（例如，红色，绿色，蓝色）的二维场中的位置。选择像素计算位置以补偿由显示装置和/或显示表面引入的图像失真。通过在传输到显示设备之前适当地缩放像素值来校正观看者从显示表面感知到的强度分布（例如热点，重叠亮度）的不均匀性。驱动两个或更多个显示装置的两组或更多组像素计算单元调整其各自的像素计算中心以对准两个或更多个显示图像的边缘。物理障碍防止任何两个显示图像之间的界面发生光线溢出。单独的像素计算位置可以用于不同的颜色以补偿颜色失真。

75. 发明授权

US06850236B2 Dynamically adjusting a sample-to-pixel filter in response to user input and/or sensor input 有权
标题翻译：响应于用户输入和/或传感器输入动态调整样本到像素滤波器
公开(公告)号：US06850236B2
公开(公告)日：2005-02-01
申请号：US09751665
申请日：2000-12-29
申请人： Michael F. Deering
发明人： Michael F. Deering
IPC分类号： G06T11/20 , G06T11/40 , G06T15/50 , G06T17/00 , G09G5/00 , G06T15/00
CPC分类号： G06T15/503
摘要： A graphics system capable of super-sampling and performing real-time convolution. The graphics system may comprise a graphics processor, a sample buffer, and a sample-to-pixel calculation unit. The graphics processor receives graphics data and generates a plurality of samples for each of a plurality of frames. The sample buffer stores the samples. The sample-to-pixel calculation unit is operable to generate output pixels by filtering the rendered samples using a filter. A display device then receives and displays the output pixels. A user may observe the displayed image and adjust properties of the filter according to the user's personal visual preferences. A display-monitoring device may be configured to capture the displayed image. The graphics system may then analyze the captured image and, in response to the captured image, perform filter adjustments.
摘要翻译：能够超采样和执行实时卷积的图形系统。图形系统可以包括图形处理器，采样缓冲器和采样到像素的计算单元。图形处理器接收图形数据并为多个帧中的每一个生成多个样本。样品缓冲液存储样品。采样到像素计算单元可操作以通过使用滤波器对所渲染样本进行滤波来产生输出像素。然后，显示装置接收并显示输出像素。用户可以根据用户的个人视觉喜好观察显示的图像并调整滤镜的属性。显示监视装置可以被配置为捕获所显示的图像。然后，图形系统可以分析所捕获的图像，并且响应于所捕获的图像执行滤波器调整。

76. 发明授权

US06771272B2 Graphics system having a super-sampled sample buffer with hot spot correction 有权
标题翻译：具有具有热点校正的超采样样本缓冲器的图形系统
公开(公告)号：US06771272B2
公开(公告)日：2004-08-03
申请号：US09751375
申请日：2000-12-29
申请人： Michael F. Deering
发明人： Michael F. Deering
IPC分类号： G06T1100
CPC分类号： G06T3/0081 , G06T5/006 , G06T5/008 , G06T5/20 , G06T5/50 , H04N9/3147 , H04N9/3185
摘要： A graphics system comprises pixel calculation units and a sample buffer which stores a two-dimensional field of samples. Each pixel calculation unit selects positions in the two-dimensional field at which pixel values (e.g. red, green, blue) are computed. The pixel computation positions are selected to compensate for image distortions introduced by a display device and/or display surface. Non-uniformities in a viewer's perceived intensity distribution from a display surface (e.g. hot spots, overlap brightness) are corrected by appropriately scaling pixel values prior to transmission to display devices. Two or more sets of pixel calculation units driving two or more display devices adjust their respective pixel computation centers to align the edges of two or more displayed images. Physical barriers prevent light spillage at the interface between any two of the display images. Separate pixel computation positions may be used for distinct colors to compensate for color distortions.
摘要翻译：图形系统包括像素计算单元和存储二维样本场的样本缓冲器。每个像素计算单元选择计算像素值（例如，红色，绿色，蓝色）的二维场中的位置。选择像素计算位置以补偿由显示装置和/或显示表面引入的图像失真。通过在传输到显示设备之前适当地缩放像素值来校正观看者从显示表面感知到的强度分布（例如热点，重叠亮度）的不均匀性。驱动两个或更多个显示装置的两组或更多组像素计算单元调整其各自的像素计算中心以对准两个或更多个显示图像的边缘。物理障碍防止任何两个显示图像之间的界面发生光线溢出。单独的像素计算位置可以用于不同的颜色以补偿颜色失真。

77. 发明授权

US06747659B2 Relative coordinates for triangle rendering 有权
标题翻译：三角形渲染的相对坐标
公开(公告)号：US06747659B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-08
申请号：US10046358
申请日：2001-10-23
申请人： Michael F. Deering
发明人： Michael F. Deering
IPC分类号： G09G500
CPC分类号： G06T15/80 , G06T11/40 , G06T2200/28
摘要： A graphics system and method for rendering image on a display device. The graphics system receives 3D graphics data including vertices for a triangle. The triangle is tested to determine if it is larger than a maximum triangle size, and if so, it is fragmented into sub-triangles smaller than the maximum size. After this size limiting, a bin bounding box is computed for each triangle. The absolute coordinate of a triangle's vertices are converted into relative coordinates with respect to an origin (e.g. a corner) of the bin box. Succeeding rendering computations (e.g. computations to determine whether sample positions fall interior to the triangle or to interpolate ordinate values for the interior samples) are performed using the relative coordinates. The positions of samples are also represented in relative coordinates (with respect to the bin box origin).
摘要翻译：用于在显示设备上呈现图像的图形系统和方法。图形系统接收3D图形数据，包括三角形的顶点。测试三角形以确定它是否大于最大三角形尺寸，如果是，则将它分割成小于最大尺寸的子三角形。在此大小限制之后，为每个三角形计算一个仓边界框。三角形顶点的绝对坐标被转换为相对于箱体的原点（例如角落）的相对坐标。使用相对坐标来执行渲染计算（例如，用于确定样本位置是否落入三角形内部或用于内插样本的纵坐标值）的计算。样本的位置也以相对坐标（相对于箱箱起点）表示。

78. 发明授权

US06650323B2 Graphics system having a super-sampled sample buffer and having single sample per pixel support 有权
标题翻译：图形系统具有超采样采样缓冲器并且每像素支持单个采样
公开(公告)号：US06650323B2
公开(公告)日：2003-11-18
申请号：US10194976
申请日：2002-07-12
申请人： Nathaniel David Naegle , Michael F. Deering , Michael G. Lavelle , Carol A. Lavelle , Scott R. Nelson
发明人： Nathaniel David Naegle , Michael F. Deering , Michael G. Lavelle , Carol A. Lavelle , Scott R. Nelson
IPC分类号： G06T1500
CPC分类号： G09G5/391 , G06T15/503 , G09G5/14 , G09G5/363 , G09G5/397 , G09G2340/0407 , G09G2354/00 , G09G2360/10 , G09G2360/121
摘要： A computer graphics system that utilizes a super-sampled sample buffer and a sample-to-pixel calculation unit for refreshing the display. The graphics system may have a graphics processor, a super-sampled sample buffer, and a sample-to-pixel calculation unit. The graphics processor renders samples into the sample buffer and may utilize a window ID that specifies attributes of pixels on a per object basis. The window ID may specify one or more of a sample mode, filter type, color attributes, or source attributes. The sample mode may include single sample per pixel mode and multiple samples per pixel mode. The graphics system may be further operable to generate a single sample per pixel for certain windows of the screen in order to provide backwards compatibility with legacy systems.
摘要翻译：利用超采样采样缓冲器和用于刷新显示器的采样到像素计算单元的计算机图形系统。图形系统可以具有图形处理器，超采样采样缓冲器和采样到像素的计算单元。图形处理器将样本呈现到样本缓冲器中，并且可以利用在每个对象的基础上指定像素的属性的窗口ID。窗口ID可以指定样本模式，过滤器类型，颜色属性或源属性中的一个或多个。样本模式可以包括每像素模式的单个样本和每像素模式的多个采样。图形系统可以进一步可操作以为屏幕的某些窗口生成每个像素的单个样本，以便向遗留系统提供向后兼容性。

79. 发明授权

US06618054B2 Dynamic depth-of-field emulation based on eye-tracking 有权
标题翻译：基于眼动跟踪的动态景深仿真
公开(公告)号：US06618054B2
公开(公告)日：2003-09-09
申请号：US09971373
申请日：2001-10-04
申请人： Michael F. Deering
发明人： Michael F. Deering
IPC分类号： G09G500
CPC分类号： G06T15/00 , G06T15/503 , H04N13/122 , H04N13/257 , H04N13/279 , H04N13/289 , H04N13/366 , H04N13/383
摘要： A graphics system comprising a rendering engine, a sample buffer and a filtering engine. The rendering engine receives graphics primitives, generates sample positions, computes a depth value and color values for each sample position interior to each primitive. The blur value is assigned to each sample based on its depth value relative to an estimate of the concentration depth of the viewer. The per-sample data are stored in the sample buffer. The filtering engine reads samples in a neighborhood of a current filter position, and filters the samples to generate a video output pixel which is transmitted to a display device. The filtering engine applies to each sample in the neighborhood a corresponding filter function. The filter function has a spatial cutoff frequency determined by the sample's blur value.
摘要翻译：包括渲染引擎，样本缓冲器和过滤引擎的图形系统。渲染引擎接收图形原语，生成样本位置，计算每个图元的每个样本位置的深度值和颜色值。基于相对于观察者的浓度深度的估计的深度值，将模糊值分配给每个样本。每个样本数据存储在样本缓冲区中。滤波引擎在当前滤波器位置的邻域中读取采样，并对样本进行滤波以产生传输到显示装置的视频输出像素。过滤引擎适用于附近的每个样本相应的过滤功能。滤波器功能具有由样本的模糊值确定的空间截止频率。

80. 发明授权

US06496187B1 Graphics system configured to perform parallel sample to pixel calculation 有权
标题翻译：图形系统配置为执行并行采样到像素计算
公开(公告)号：US06496187B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-17
申请号：US09472940
申请日：1999-12-27
申请人： Michael F. Deering , Nathaniel David Naegle , Scott R. Nelson
发明人： Michael F. Deering , Nathaniel David Naegle , Scott R. Nelson
IPC分类号： G06T1500
CPC分类号： G06T5/20 , G06T11/001 , G06T11/40 , G06T15/503
摘要： A graphics system that is configured to utilize a sample buffer and a plurality of parallel sample-to-pixel calculation units, wherein the sample-pixel calculation units are configured to access different portions of the sample buffer in parallel. The graphics system may include a graphics processor, a sample buffer, and a plurality of sample-to-pixel calculation units. The graphics processor is configured to receive a set of three-dimensional graphics data and render a plurality of samples based on the graphics data. The sample buffer is configured to store the plurality of samples for the sample-to-pixel calculation units, which are configured to receive and filter samples from the sample buffer to create output pixels. Each of the sample-to-pixel calculation units are configured to generate pixels corresponding to a different region of the image. The region may be a vertical or horizontal stripe of the image, or a rectangular portion of the image. Each region may overlap the other regions of the image to prevent visual aberrations.
摘要翻译：被配置为利用采样缓冲器和多个平行的样本到像素计算单元的图形系统，其中采样像素计算单元被配置为并行地访问样本缓冲器的不同部分。图形系统可以包括图形处理器，采样缓冲器和多个采样到像素的计算单元。图形处理器被配置为接收一组三维图形数据并且基于图形数据呈现多个采样。样本缓冲器被配置为存储用于样本到像素计算单元的多个样本，其被配置为从样本缓冲器接收和过滤样本以创建输出像素。每个样本到像素计算单元被配置为生成与图像的不同区域相对应的像素。该区域可以是图像的垂直或水平条纹，或图像的矩形部分。每个区域可能与图像的其他区域重叠以防止视觉异常。

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