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61. 发明授权

US4639140A Optical surface proximity measuring device and its application to the plotting of the profile of a surface 失效
标题翻译：光学表面接近测量装置及其在曲面上的应用
公开(公告)号：US4639140A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-27
申请号：US705734
申请日：1985-02-26
申请人： Bernard Lerat
发明人： Bernard Lerat
IPC分类号： G01B11/00 , B23K9/127 , G01B11/02 , G01B11/24 , G01C3/00 , G01C3/06
CPC分类号： G01B11/24 , B23K9/1274 , G01B11/028
摘要： The invention relates to an optical device for measuring the surface proximity and to its application in the plotting of a profile.The device comprises a radiation emitter forming a light spot on the surface and two detectors, which are sensitive to the light flux reflected by the surface. A pair of focusing elements having different focal lengths are associated with the detectors. The ratio between the signals supplied by the detectors is determined by a processing circuit. This ratio is used to calculate the distance independently of the angle of incidence of the incident beam and the reflection coefficient of the surface.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于测量表面接近度的光学装置及其在轮廓绘图中的应用。该装置包括在表面上形成光点的辐射发射器和对由表面反射的光通量敏感的两个检测器。具有不同焦距的一对聚焦元件与检测器相关联。由检测器提供的信号之间的比率由处理电路确定。该比率用于独立于入射光束的入射角和表面的反射系数来计算距离。

62. 发明授权

US4631385A Automated position detectors and welding system utilizing same 失效
标题翻译：自动位置检测器和使用它的焊接系统
公开(公告)号：US4631385A
公开(公告)日：1986-12-23
申请号：US717357
申请日：1985-03-29
申请人： Ronald R. Rothermel
发明人： Ronald R. Rothermel
IPC分类号： B23K9/127 , B23K9/073 , B23K9/12
CPC分类号： B23K9/12 , B23K9/073
摘要： A system and method for detecting the position of the welding torch with respect to the workpiece by varying the electrical power to the arc, measuring the effect of such variation on the arc current and/or arc voltage and processing the detected effect to produce welding torch position related information. Also, a welding system and method which comprises utilizing this detection system and method to control the position of the welding torch means with respect to the workpiece.
摘要翻译：一种用于通过改变对电弧的电功率来检测焊炬相对于工件的位置的系统和方法，测量这种变化对电弧电流和/或电弧电压的影响，并处理检测到的效果以产生焊炬职位相关资料。而且，一种焊接系统和方法，其包括利用该检测系统和方法来控制焊炬装置相对于工件的位置。

63. 发明授权

US4577796A Method and apparatus for tracking seam welds on pipes and the like 失效
标题翻译：跟踪管道上的缝焊等的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4577796A
公开(公告)日：1986-03-25
申请号：US658992
申请日：1984-10-10
申请人： Joseph E. Powers , Calvin C. Williamson
发明人： Joseph E. Powers , Calvin C. Williamson
IPC分类号： B23K9/025 , B23K9/127 , B23K37/02 , B23K5/02 , B23K11/30
CPC分类号： B23K9/1274 , B23K9/0253
摘要： Apparatus and method for accurately aligning and applying the outside longitudinal weld seam, with the weld seam of a section of large diameter thick gauge steel pipe generally after the inside weld has already been made, including support means for maintaining the pipe section in a stationary position, a plurality of adjustable scanning and tracking assemblies mounted at spaced measured stations along the length of the apparatus, each of which include optical scanning means whereby the scanning and tracking assemblies can be centered with respect to the seam weld of the pipe section at the point of scan, guide means connected to each scanning assembly so that the movement thereof causes said guide means to assume a contour corresponding to the longitudinal weld seam, and a welding machine which follows the path of said guide means to thereby apply the outside weld seam in alignment with the weld seam as the pipe is held stationary and the welding machine travels along the length thereof.
摘要翻译：在外部纵向焊缝之间准确对准和施加外部纵向焊缝的装置和方法，一般在内部焊缝之后的一段大直径厚钢管的焊缝，包括用于将管段保持在静止位置的支撑装置，多个可调节的扫描和跟踪组件，其沿着设备的长度安装在间隔的测量站处，每个扫描和跟踪组件包括光学扫描装置，由此扫描和跟踪组件可以相对于管段在该点处的缝焊缝居中连接到每个扫描组件的扫描引导装置，使得其移动使得所述引导装置呈现对应于纵向焊缝的轮廓，以及焊接机器，其沿着所述引导装置的路径施加外部焊缝当管道保持固定并且焊接机沿其长度行进时，与焊缝对准的。

64. 发明授权

US4571479A Welding machine with automatic seam tracking 失效
标题翻译：焊接机自动焊缝跟踪
公开(公告)号：US4571479A
公开(公告)日：1986-02-18
申请号：US588418
申请日：1984-03-12
申请人： Susumu Maeda , Masakazu Taki , Kenji Yoshizawa
发明人： Susumu Maeda , Masakazu Taki , Kenji Yoshizawa
IPC分类号： B23K9/127 , B23Q35/13 , B23K9/12
CPC分类号： B23Q35/13 , B23K9/1276
摘要： An automatic tracking welding machine includes a pair of rotatably mounted sensors 6a, 6b disposed in advance of a welding torch 3 and coaxial therewith for detecting magnetic leakage flux across a weld line gap 10. The sensors are driven to equalize their outputs by a reversible stepping motor 15 supplied with drive pulses whose frequency is proportional to the sensor output difference up to a fixed limit, thereby implementing slowdown as the center or zero differential point is approached. Alternatively, a greater number of fixed sensors may be peripherally spaced around the torch housing and their outputs sequentially scanned and peak detected to track the weld line gap. In another embodiment a spaced pair of sensors 116a, 116b is laterally and bidirectionally driven by a reversible d.c. motor 123 supplied with a voltage proportional to the off-center distance detected by the sensors, thus also implementing slowdown as the zero point approaches. Hall effect sensor elements encased in a non-magnetic metal housing may be used to avoid sputtering damage. A single leakage flux sensor may also be employed and periodically scanned laterally across the weld line gap, whereby a peak or zero slope in its output would indicate centering.
摘要翻译：自动跟踪焊机包括一对可旋转地安装的传感器6a，6b，其设置在焊枪3之前并且与其同轴，用于检测穿过焊缝间隙10的漏磁通量。传感器被驱动以通过可逆步进来均衡其输出电动机15提供的驱动脉冲的频率与传感器输出差异成正比，达到固定极限，从而在接近中心或零点差时实现减速。或者，更多数量的固定传感器可以围绕焊炬壳体周边间隔开，并且其输出被顺序地扫描并且被检测到峰值以跟踪焊缝间隙。在另一个实施例中，间隔开的一对传感器116a，116b由可逆的直流侧向和双向驱动。电动机123被提供与由传感器检测到的离心距离成比例的电压，因此也随着零点接近而实现减速。可以使用封装在非磁性金属壳体中的霍尔效应传感器元件来避免溅射损坏。也可以采用单个漏磁通传感器并且横向跨越焊缝间隙周期性扫描，由此其输出中的峰值或零斜率将指示居中。

65. 发明授权

US4555613A Image sensing and welding arrangement for manipulator welding apparatus 失效
标题翻译：机械手焊接设备的图像感应和焊接布置
公开(公告)号：US4555613A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-26
申请号：US661587
申请日：1984-10-17
申请人： Burt H. Shulman
发明人： Burt H. Shulman
IPC分类号： B25J19/04 , B23K9/095 , B23K9/12 , B23K9/127 , B25J13/08 , B23K9/00
CPC分类号： B23K9/0956
摘要： A combined image sensing and welding torch hand is provided for programmable manipulator welding apparatus. During a sensing operation the sensing components emerge from a protective enclosure which surrounds the welding torch and move linearly downwardly to a sensing position outside the protective enclosure. During the welding operation, the sensing components are retracted back into the protective enclosure and staging doors, which are pivotally mounted on the bottom edge of the protective enclosure are closed so as to completely shield the sensing components from welding fumes and splatter. In addition, when the sensing assembly is in the retracted position within the protective housing, air under pressure is supplied to the interior of the enclosure to provide a purge during the welding cycle and prevent fumes from entering the enclosure and damaging the optical components of the sensing assembly.
摘要翻译：为可编程机械手焊接设备提供组合的图像感测和焊枪。在感测操作期间，感测部件从围绕焊炬的保护壳体出现并且直线地向下移动到保护外壳外部的感测位置。在焊接操作期间，感测部件缩回到保护外壳中，并且枢转地安装在保护外壳的底部边缘上的分段门被关闭，以便完全屏蔽传感部件免受焊接烟雾和飞溅。此外，当感测组件处于保护壳体内的缩回位置时，在压力下的空气被供应到外壳的内部，以在焊接周期期间提供吹扫，并防止烟雾进入外壳并损坏其中的光学部件传感组件。

66. 发明授权

US4547800A Position detecting method and apparatus 失效
标题翻译：位置检测方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4547800A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-15
申请号：US239621
申请日：1981-03-02
申请人： Ichiro Masaki
发明人： Ichiro Masaki
IPC分类号： H04N7/18 , B23K9/127 , B25J9/18 , B25J19/04 , G01B11/00 , G01B11/02 , G06T1/00 , G06T7/00 , G06T7/60
CPC分类号： G01B11/00 , G01B11/022
摘要： There is provided a method of detecting any positional deviation of a workpiece from a reference position with the aid of an image sensor. First, a sample workpiece is put at the predetermined position, and is detected by the image sensor to provide reference image information. Likewise, a workpiece under inspection is detected by the image sensor to provide workpiece image information. The reference information is subjected to a parallel transformation and/or rotation and is compared with the workpiece image which remains in the original state, to detect the correlation degree between the two sets of information. The detection of the correlation degree is repeated for each incremental parallel transformation and/or rotation of the reference information. The maximum correlation degree is selected from among the accumulated correlation degrees, whereby the positional deviation of the workpiece, if any, from the reference position is represented by the amount and the direction of the parallel transformation and/or rotation which give the maximum correlation degree.
摘要翻译：提供了一种借助于图像传感器检测工件与参考位置的任何位置偏差的方法。首先，将样本工件放置在预定位置，并由图像传感器检测以提供参考图像信息。同样地，由图像传感器检测被检查的工件，以提供工件图像信息。对参考信息进行并行变换和/或旋转，并与保持在原始状态的工件图像进行比较，以检测两组信息之间的相关度。对于参考信息的每个增量并行变换和/或旋转，重复相关度的检测。从积累的相关度中选择最大相关度，从而从参考位置的工件的位置偏差（如果有的话）由给出最大相关度的平行变换和/或旋转的量和方向表示。

67. 发明授权

US4485291A Method for controlling the position of welding electrode in arc-welding with weaving 失效
标题翻译：焊接电极焊接位置的方法
公开(公告)号：US4485291A
公开(公告)日：1984-11-27
申请号：US483496
申请日：1983-04-11
申请人： Hirokazu Nomura , Yuji Sugitani
发明人： Hirokazu Nomura , Yuji Sugitani
IPC分类号： B23K9/12 , B23K9/02 , B23K9/10 , B23K9/127
CPC分类号： B23K9/0216 , B23K9/10
摘要： An arc-welding method, which comprises: arc-welding objects of welding together along the line of a groove formed between said objects of welding by continuously moving a welding electrode along the line of said groove while reciprocating said welding electrode in the width direction of said groove; characterized by: calculating at prescribed time intervals, for each one reciprocation of said welding electrode in the width direction of said groove, deviations (I-Io) of values (I) of one of arc current and arc voltage from a previously set reference value (Io), for each of left-side deviations (L) and right-side deviations (R) relative to the vertical plane which passes through the center of amplitude of said one reciprocation of said welding electrode and is parallel to the line of said groove; calculating at said time intervals, when said welding electrode moves over the left side of said groove relative to said vertical plane, differences (L-R) between said left-side deviations (L) and the immediately preceding right-side deviations (R), for controllably aligning the center of said amplitude of said one reciprocation of said welding electrode with the center of said groove in the width direction thereof at said prescribed time intervals so that said differences (L-R) become null; and, calculating at said prescribed time intervals, when said welding electrode moves over the right side of said groove relative to said vertical plane, differences (L-R) between said right-side deviations (R) and the immediately preceding left-side deviations (L), for controllably aligning the center of said amplitude of said one reciprocation of said welding electrode with the center of said groove in the width direction thereof at said prescribed time intervals so that said differences (L-R) become null.
摘要翻译：一种电弧焊接方法，其特征在于，包括：通过沿着所述槽的线连续地移动焊接电极，沿着形成在所述焊接对象的槽的线的一端焊接电弧焊接对象，同时沿所述焊接电极的宽度方向所述槽; 其特征在于：以规定的时间间隔计算所述焊接电极在所述槽的宽度方向上的每个往复运动，从预先设定的参考值的电弧电流和电弧电压之一的值（I）的偏差（I-Io）（Io），相对于穿过所述焊接电极的所述一个往复运动的振幅的中心的垂直平面，对于左侧偏离（L）和右侧偏离（R）中的每一个，并且平行于所述槽; 以所述时间间隔计算当所述焊接电极相对于所述垂直平面在所述凹槽的左侧移动时，所述左侧偏差（L）和所述右侧偏差（R）之间的差（LR）用于以所述规定的时间间隔将所述焊接电极的所述一个往复运动的所述振幅的中心与所述槽的宽度方向的中心可控地对准，使得所述差值（LR）变为零; 并且当所述焊接电极相对于所述垂直平面在所述凹槽的右侧移动时，以所述规定的时间间隔计算，所述右侧偏差（R）与所述左侧偏差（L）之间的差（LR）），用于以所述规定的时间间隔将所述焊接电极的所述一个往复运动的所述振幅的中心与所述槽的宽度方向上的中心可控地对准，使得所述差值（LR）变为零。

68. 发明授权

US4484059A Infrared sensor for arc welding 失效
标题翻译：电弧焊红外传感器
公开(公告)号：US4484059A
公开(公告)日：1984-11-20
申请号：US371704
申请日：1982-04-26
申请人： Robert D. Lillquist
发明人： Robert D. Lillquist
IPC分类号： B23K9/095 , B23K9/12 , B23K9/127 , B23K9/10
CPC分类号： B23K9/0956
摘要： An infrared detector is provided with spectral filtering means for direct observation of the arc region during electric arc welding operations. The filter permits direct observation of the weld pool by suppressing almost all of the infrared radiation produced by the arc itself. Were this not the case, the electrical signal output from the infrared detector is totally obscured by the intense infrared radiation from the arc and would thus not permit sufficiently high resolution infrared measurements to be made on the weld pool and the work piece.
摘要翻译：红外检测器设置有用于在电弧焊接操作期间直接观察电弧区域的光谱滤波装置。过滤器允许通过抑制由电弧本身产生的几乎所有的红外辐射来直接观察焊池。如果不是这种情况，则从红外线检测器输出的电信号被来自电弧的强烈红外线辐射完全遮蔽，因此不能在焊池和工件上进行足够高的分辨率红外测量。

69. 发明授权

US4446353A Center tracking welder unit with floating reference 失效
标题翻译：中心跟踪焊机单元与浮动参考
公开(公告)号：US4446353A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-01
申请号：US375974
申请日：1982-05-07
申请人： Talbert D. Connell
发明人： Talbert D. Connell
IPC分类号： B23K9/09 , B23K9/127 , B23K9/12
CPC分类号： B23K9/091 , B23K9/127
摘要： A floating reference voltage is generated in response to the low frequency components of weld current and is utilized in the control of the width of travel of a welding arc back and forth across a gap to be filled with weld metal. The arc current is integrated during each traverse across the gap and this integral is compared with the floating reference so that as the wall of the gap is approached, the direction of travel of the arc will be reversed. Provision is made for avoidance of the effects of "dip transfer".
摘要翻译：响应于焊接电流的低频分量而产生浮动参考电压，并且用于控制焊接电弧的行进宽度来跨越待填充有焊缝金属的间隙。在跨越间隙的每个横越期间，电弧电流被积分，并且该积分与浮动参考值进行比较，使得当间隙的壁接近时，电弧的行进方向将被反转。规定是为了避免“浸渍转移”的影响。

70. 发明授权

US4356362A Hazard switch arrangement 失效
标题翻译：危险开关装置
公开(公告)号：US4356362A
公开(公告)日：1982-10-26
申请号：US208937
申请日：1980-11-21
申请人： Karl H. Schmall
发明人： Karl H. Schmall
IPC分类号： B23K7/10 , B23K9/127 , B23Q5/58 , H01H3/16
CPC分类号： B23K9/1278 , B23K7/10 , B23Q5/58
摘要： The invention relates to a hazard switch arrangement for flame-cutting and welding units. As the feeler for detecting mechanical obstacles (14) in the path of the torch nozzle (1), a plurality of feeler rods (7) is provided here. The feeler rods (7) are connected in each case to a plurality of movement switches (holder ring (5), contact ring (11) and feeler rods (7)). The multiplicity of feeler rods and movement switch arrangements guarantees prompt and reliable hazard warning in operation. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the feeler rods themselves serve as the movement switches.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于火焰切割和焊接单元的危险开关装置。作为在割炬喷嘴（1）的路径中检测机械障碍物（14）的探测器，在此设置多个探棒（7）。触针杆（7）在各种情况下都连接到多个移动开关（保持环（5），接触环（11）和触针杆（7））上。检测杆和运动开关装置的多样性保证了操作中迅速可靠的危险警告。在本发明的优选实施例中，探杆本身用作移动开关。

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