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61. 发明授权

US5983125A Method and apparatus for in vivo examination of subcutaneous tissues inside an organ of a body using optical spectroscopy 失效
标题翻译：使用光谱法体内检查身体器官内的皮下组织的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5983125A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-09
申请号：US522827
申请日：1995-09-01
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Yury Budansky
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Yury Budansky
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , A61B10/00 , A61B10/02 , A61B19/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0075 , A61B5/0084 , A61B5/0091 , A61B5/4312 , A61B5/6848 , A61B90/17 , A61B10/0233 , A61B5/0071
摘要： Method and apparatus for examining subcutaneous tissues inside organs of the body. The method comprises the steps of (a) providing an optic probe positioning assembly comprising a solid needle and a hollow tube, the solid needle being sheathed inside the hollow tube; (b) subcutaneously inserting the positioning assembly into a tissue sample to be examined; (c) removing the solid needle from the tissue sample, leaving the hollow tube in place in the tissue; (d) then, inserting an optic probe through the hollow tube into proximity with the tissue sample; (e) optically determining the condition of the tissue sample using the optic probe; (f) after the optically determining step, removing the optic probe from the hollow tube; (g) then, inserting a biopsy needle into the hollow tube; (h) then, excising at least a portion of the tissue sample; and (i) then, removing the biopsy needle and the excised tissue sample from the hollow tube.
摘要翻译：检查身体器官内皮下组织的方法和装置。该方法包括以下步骤：（a）提供包括实心针和中空管的光学探针定位组件，所述实心针被套在中空管内; （b）将定位组件皮下插入待检查的组织样品中; （c）从组织样品中取出固体针，将中空管置于组织中的适当位置; （d）然后，将光学探针通过中空管插入到组织样本附近; （e）使用所述光学探针光学确定所述组织样品的状况; （f）在光学测定步骤之后，从中空管中去除光学探针; （g）然后将活检针插入中空管中; （h）然后切除组织样品的至少一部分; 和（i）然后从中空管中去除活检针和切除的组织样品。

62. 发明授权

US5467767A Method for determining if tissue is malignant as opposed to non-malignant using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy 失效
标题翻译：使用时间分辨荧光光谱法确定组织是否恶性的方法与非恶性肿瘤相反
公开(公告)号：US5467767A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-21
申请号：US112291
申请日：1993-08-27
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Asima Pradhan , Guichen C. Tang , Leming Wang , Yury Budansky , Bidyut B. Das
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Asima Pradhan , Guichen C. Tang , Leming Wang , Yury Budansky , Bidyut B. Das
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , B23K26/06 , G01N21/64 , A61B6/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/6408 , A61B5/0071 , A61B5/0084 , A61B5/0091 , A61B5/4312 , B23K26/0624 , G01N21/6486 , A61B5/0075 , A61B5/0086 , G01N2021/6417
摘要： A method for determining if tissue is malignant as opposed to non-malignant (i.e., benign tumor tissue, benign tissue, or normal tissue). In one embodiment, the method comprises irradiating a human breast tissue sample with light at a wavelength of about 310 nm and measuring the time-resolved fluorescence emitted therefrom at about 340 nm. The time-resolved fluorescence profile is then compared to similar profiles obtained from known malignant and non-malignant human breast tissues. By fitting the profiles to the formula I(t)=A.sub.1 e.sup.(-t/.tau. 1.sup.) +A.sub.2 e.sup.(-t/.tau. 2.sup.), one can quantify the differences between tissues of various conditions. For example, non-malignant human breast tissues exhibit a slow component (.tau..sub.2) which is less than 1.6 ns whereas malignant human breast tissues exhibit a slow component (.tau..sub.2) which is greater than 1.6 ns. In addition, non-malignant human breast tissues exhibit a ratio of fast to slow amplitudes (A.sub.1 /A.sub.2) which is greater than 0.85 whereas malignant human breast tissues exhibit a ratio of fast to slow amplitudes (A.sub.1 /A.sub.2) which is less than 0.6. This technique can be used with different excitation and/or emission wavelengths, and can be applied to the detection of malignancies (or other abnormal states) in tissues other than human breast tissue.
摘要翻译：与非恶性（即良性肿瘤组织，良性组织或正常组织）相反，确定组织是否为恶性的方法。在一个实施方案中，该方法包括用约310nm波长的光照射人乳房组织样品，并测量在约340nm发射的时间分辨荧光。然后将时间分辨的荧光图谱与从已知的恶性和非恶性人乳腺组织获得的相似特征进行比较。通过拟合公式I（t）= A1e（-t / tau1）+ A2e（-t / tau2），可以量化各种条件的组织之间的差异。例如，非恶性人乳腺组织表现出小于1.6ns的缓慢成分（tau 2），而恶性人乳腺组织表现出大于1.6ns的缓慢成分（tau 2）。此外，非恶性人乳腺组织表现出快于慢振幅（A1 / A2）的比值大于0.85，而恶性人乳腺组织表现出快于慢振幅（A1 / A2）的比值小于0.6 。该技术可以用于不同的激发和/或发射波长，并且可以应用于除人乳腺组织以外的组织中的恶性肿瘤（或其他异常状态）的检测。

63. 发明授权

US5315437A Protective device for selectively reflecting high-intensity light over a broad spectral bandwidth 失效
标题翻译：用于在宽光谱带宽上选择性地反射高强度光的保护装置
公开(公告)号：US5315437A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-24
申请号：US884038
申请日：1992-05-21
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Kwong M. Yoo
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Kwong M. Yoo
IPC分类号： A61F9/02 , G02B5/28 , G02F1/35
CPC分类号： G02B5/285 , A61F9/022 , G02F1/3511
摘要： A protective device designed to protect eyes and sensitive photodetectors from high-intensity light over a broad spectral bandwidth while permitting low-intensity and ambient light to be transmitted thereto. In a first embodiment, the device comprises a stack of nonlinear materials having the same linear index of refraction but alternating between a relatively high nonlinear index of refraction and a relatively low nonlinear index of refraction. The respective optical thicknesses of the nonlinear materials are unordered. In a second embodiment, the device comprises a stack of nonlinear materials having the same linear index of refraction and the same optical thickness of a one-half wavelength but unordered nonlinear indices of refraction. In a third embodiment, the device comprises a stack of nonlinear materials having linear indices of refraction alternating between a relatively high linear index of refraction and a relatively low index of refraction and nonlinear indices of refraction which are unordered. The respective optical thicknesses of the nonlinear materials are designed so that the materials are optimally transmissive in the linear domain. In a fourth embodiment, the device comprises a stack of nonlinear materials having the same linear index of refraction but unordered optical thicknesses and nonlinear indices of refraction.
摘要翻译：一种保护装置，设计用于在宽光谱带宽内保护眼睛和敏感光电探测器免受高强度光线的影响，同时允许将低强度和环境光传输到其上。在第一实施例中，该装置包括具有相同线性折射率但在相对高的非线性折射率与相对低的非线性折射率之间交替的非线性材料的堆叠。非线性材料的各自的光学厚度是无序的。在第二实施例中，该装置包括具有相同线性折射率和相当于半波长但无序非线性折射率的相同光学厚度的非线性材料的堆叠。在第三实施例中，该装置包括一组非线性材料，其具有在相对高的线性折射率和相对较低的折射率之间交替的线性折射率和无序的非线性折射率。非线性材料的各自的光学厚度被设计成使得材料在线性域中是最佳透射的。在第四实施例中，该装置包括具有相同线性折射率但是无序的光学厚度和非线性折射率的非线性材料的堆叠。

64. 发明授权

US4987575A Tetravalent chromium (Cr.sub.4+) as a laser-active ion for tunabale solid-state lasers 失效
标题翻译：四价铬（Cr4 +）作为激光活性离子，用于固体激光器
公开(公告)号：US4987575A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-22
申请号：US450462
申请日：1989-12-14
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Vladimir Petricevic
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Vladimir Petricevic
IPC分类号： H01S3/16
CPC分类号： H01S3/16 , H01S3/1623 , H01S3/1655 , H01S3/1658
摘要： A laser-medium in the form of a dielectric crystal or glass doped with tetravalent chromium. The dielectric crystals are of olivine-like structure such as germanates of formula (A) (RE)GeO.sub.4 where (A=Na or Li, RE=Y, Lu or Gd), crystals of willemite structure Zn.sub.2 (Si or Ge)O.sub.4 tetrahedral sites, or any other single-crystal or polycrystalline compound containing the (Si.Ge)O.sub.4 tetrahedra in its crystal lattice, such as Ca.sub.3 La.sub.2 (SiO.sub.4).sub.6 and crystals such as YAG (Y.sub.3 Al.sub.5 O.sub.12).
摘要翻译：介电晶体形式的激光介质或掺有四价铬的玻璃。介电晶体为橄榄石状结构，如式（A）（RE）GeO4的锗酸盐，其中（A = Na或Li，RE = Y，Lu或Gd），硅锌矿结构Zn2（Si或Ge）或其晶格中含有（Si.Ge）O4四面体的任何其它单晶或多晶化合物，如Ca3La2（SiO4）6和晶体如YAG（Y3Al5O12）。

65. 发明授权

US4969156A Laser cavity having an adjustable optical path length extender 失效
标题翻译：激光腔具有可调节的光程长度延长器
公开(公告)号：US4969156A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-06
申请号：US87777
申请日：1987-08-21
申请人： Norman H. Schiller , Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Norman H. Schiller , Robert R. Alfano
IPC分类号： H01S3/081 , H01S3/086 , H01S3/105
CPC分类号： H01S3/081 , H01S3/086 , H01S3/105
摘要： A laser is disclosed which includes an optical path length extender for increasing the optical path length of the laser cavity. The path length extender, which is disposed inside the laser cavity itself, includes a set of three curved mirrors each having the same curvature. The three mirrors are spaced and angularly positioned such that light entering the path length extender is reflected back and forth about the three mirrors a defined number of times before exiting the path length extender. By rotating one or two of the mirrors the number of reflections within the set of mirrors can be changed. The laser cavity configuration is particularly useful in a pulse laser for increasing the optical path length of the cavity for the purpose of increasing the pulse to pulse separation of the emitted pulses, when such an increase is desired, but is not limited exclusively to pulse lasers.
摘要翻译：公开了一种激光器，其包括用于增加激光腔的光程长度的光程长度延长器。设置在激光腔本身内的路径长度扩展器包括一组三个具有相同曲率的弯曲镜。三个反射镜间隔开并成角度地定位，使得进入路径长度扩展器的光在离开路径长度扩展器之前在三个反射镜周围反复前后定义。通过旋转一个或两个反射镜，镜子组内的反射数可以改变。激光腔配置在用于增加腔的光程长度的脉冲激光器中是特别有用的，以便在需要这种增加时增加脉冲到脉冲的脉冲间隔，但不限于脉冲激光。

66. 发明授权

US4956548A Ultrafast oscilloscope 失效
标题翻译：超快示波器
公开(公告)号：US4956548A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-11
申请号：US294182
申请日：1989-01-06
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping P. Ho
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping P. Ho
IPC分类号： G01R13/20 , H01J31/50
CPC分类号： H01J31/502 , G01R13/20
摘要： An oscilloscope constructed for use in real time resolving an ultrafast voltage signal includes a streak camera having a transmission line photocarthode, a constant light source for illuminating the photocathode, an input coupled to the transmission line photocathode, an accellerating mesh, a pair of sweep electrodes, electron multiplication means, a phosphor screen and a DC high voltage source. In use, the voltage signal to be examined is applied to the input. When the voltage signal on propagating through the photocathode intersects in time and space on the photocathode with the light from the light source, a number of electrons proportional to the intensity of the voltage signal are emitted from the photocathode. These electrons are then accelerated, deflected by the pair of sweep electrodes, multiplied by the microchannel plate and then impinge upon the phosphor screen, creating an optical image having an intensity proportional to the number of impinging electrons. The image on the phosphor screen is recorded by a video camera, processed by a computer and then displayed on a monitor. In another embodiment, the streak camera includes a second photocathode with input signals being applied to either one or both photocathodes. In other embodiments, a photomultiplier tube having a pair of transmission line photocathodes are described.
摘要翻译：构造用于实时分辨超快速电压信号的示波器包括具有传输线光电面的条纹相机，用于照射光电阴极的恒定光源，耦合到传输线光电阴极的输入端，加速网格，一对扫描电极，电子倍增装置，荧光屏和DC高电压源。在使用中，要检查的电压信号被施加到输入端。当通过光电阴极传播的电压信号与来自光源的光在光电阴极上的时间和空间相交时，与光电阴极发射与电压信号的强度成比例的多个电子。然后，这些电子被一对扫描电极加速偏转，乘以微通道板，然后撞击到荧光屏上，产生具有与入射电子数成比例的强度的光学图像。荧光屏上的图像由摄像机记录，由计算机处理，然后显示在监视器上。在另一个实施例中，条纹相机包括第二光电阴极，其输入信号被施加到一个或两个光电阴极。在其它实施例中，描述了具有一对传输线光电阴极的光电倍增管。

67. 发明授权

US4682020A Picosecond gated light detector 失效
标题翻译：皮秒门控光检测器
公开(公告)号：US4682020A
公开(公告)日：1987-07-21
申请号：US585214
申请日：1984-03-01
申请人： Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Robert R. Alfano
IPC分类号： G04F13/02 , H01J31/50
CPC分类号： G04F13/026
摘要： A light detector which can be gated on and off in picoseconds is disclosed. The light detector includes a photomultiplier tube and a streak camera, the streak camera having a picosecond sweep time and being disposed so as to serve as a gate for the input to the photomultiplier tube. In operation, light received by the streak camera is converted into a streak image which is formed on the phosphor screen of the streak camera tube, the streak image corresponding to the intensity of light received by the streak camera during the time window of the sweep. Relay optics at the output end of the streak camera images the streak image onto the photocathode of the photomultiplier tube. The input end of the streak camera includes a two lens relay lens system. A variable aperture located between the phosphor screen and the output relay optics limits the portion of the streak image that is collected by the output relay optics and actually imaged onto the photomultiplier tube and hence the portion of the time window during which the photomultiplier tube receives light from the streak camera. A varible delay unit coupled to input of the streak camera enables the time window to be selectively shifted.
摘要翻译：公开了一种可以以皮秒的形式开启和关闭的光检测器。光检测器包括光电倍增管和条纹相机，条纹相机具有皮秒扫描时间并且被布置成用作输入到光电倍增管的栅极。在操作中，由条纹照相机接收的光被转换成形成在条纹相机管的荧光屏上的条纹图像，条纹图像对应于在扫描的时间窗口期间由条纹相机接收的光的强度。条纹摄像机输出端的继电器光学元件将条纹图像成像到光电倍增管的光电阴极上。条纹相机的输入端包括双透镜中继透镜系统。位于荧光屏和输出继电器光学器件之间的可变孔径限制了由输出继电器光学器件收集的实际图像的部分，并实际成像到光电倍增管上，因此限制光电倍增管接收光的时间窗口部分从条纹相机。耦合到条纹相机的输入的可变延迟单元能够选择性地移动时间窗口。

68. 发明授权

US4630925A Compact temporal spectral photometer 失效
标题翻译：紧凑的时间光谱光度计
公开(公告)号：US4630925A
公开(公告)日：1986-12-23
申请号：US437897
申请日：1982-11-01
申请人： Norman H. Schiller , Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Norman H. Schiller , Robert R. Alfano
IPC分类号： G01J1/42 , G01J3/00 , G01J3/02 , G01J3/04 , G01J3/06 , G01N21/64 , G01J3/30
CPC分类号： G01N21/6408
摘要： A temporal spectral photometer for use in obtaining spectral and temporal information simultaneously of an ultrafast pulse of luminescent light emitted from a sample upon excitation thereof includes an excitation section and a detection section. The excitation section includes a picosecond laser for exciting the sample to emit luminescent light and imaging optics for imaging the emitted light. The detection section includes a pin hole slit through which light from the imaging optics is admitted, a streak camera tube, an optical system including a grating for forming an image of the pin hole slit on the photocathode of the streak camera tube and at the same time dispersing the light admitted through the pin hole slit into its component wavelengths, a micrometer assembly mechanically coupled to the grating for selectively changing the wavelength region of dispersed light impinging on the photocathode, a video camera, a camera lens system for imaging the output image formed on the phosphor screen of the streak camera tube onto the input end of the video camera, a digital temporal analyzer coupled to the output of the video camera for digitizing and analyzing image information from the video camera and a video monitor coupled to the output of the temporal analyzer for displaying the analyzed data.
摘要翻译：用于同时获得从样品发射的发光的超快脉冲的光谱和时间信息的时间光谱光度计包括激发部分和检测部分。激发部分包括用于激发样品发射发光的皮秒激光器和用于成像发射光的成像光学元件。检测部分包括一个针孔狭缝，来自成像光学元件的光通过该孔孔，条纹相机管，光学系统，包括用于在条形相机管的光电阴极上形成针孔狭缝的图像的光栅将通过针孔狭缝进入的光的时间分散成其分量波长，将与光栅机械耦合的微米组件选择性地改变照射在光电阴极上的分散光的波长区域，摄像机，用于对输出图像成像的相机透镜系统形成在条纹相机管的荧光屏上到摄像机的输入端，耦合到摄像机的输出的数字时间分析器，用于数字化和分析来自摄像机的图像信息，以及耦合到视频摄像机的输出的视频监视器用于显示分析数据的时间分析器。

69. 发明公开

US20240097393A1 TABLE - TOP ULTRA SUPERCONTINUUM AND HIGHER HARMONIC GENERATION SOURCE FOR MICROSCOPY, LASER SOURCE FOR PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHY, AND ZEPTOSECOND PULSE GENERATION 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20240097393A1
公开(公告)日：2024-03-21
申请号：US18389560
申请日：2023-11-14
申请人： Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Shah Faisal B. Mazhar
IPC分类号： H01S3/00 , G03F7/00
CPC分类号： H01S3/0092 , G03F7/70025 , H01S3/0057 , H01S3/0085
摘要： Coherent EUV and X-rays beams are generated for photolithography to produce nanometer scale resolution chips by the emission from ionization of Tin (Sn), and other materials (Li, Ar, Kr, and Xe) and HHG, and EUV and X-ray microscopes. Zeptosecond pulses use odd harmonics number from intense femtosecond pulses resulting in Ultra-Supercontinuum (USC) and Higher Harmonic Generation (HHG) produced from electronic Kerr effect.

70. 发明申请

US20220120656A1 COMPACT OPTICAL VIRUS DETECTION ANALYZER OF NANO- AND MICRO- SIZE BIO PARTICLES USING LIGHT SCATTERING AND FLUORESCENCE 有权
公开(公告)号：US20220120656A1
公开(公告)日：2022-04-21
申请号：US17503086
申请日：2021-10-15
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Lingyan Shi , Binlin Wu
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Lingyan Shi , Binlin Wu
IPC分类号： G01N15/06 , B01L3/00
摘要： A Compact Optical Virus Detection Analyzer (COVDA) uses light scattering and fluorescence to detect nanometer (nm) and micrometer (um) sized particles, such as biological particles and can be used to detect viruses such as coronavirus including SAR-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19, pollen and bacteria. It can be used for prescreening, rapid detection of suspicious people. COVDA involves experimental and theoretical methods for particle and virus detection using Tryptophan as a key biomarker. Light sources in compact units include lamps such as Xenon (Xe) lamp with narrow band filters, LEDs (such as AlN) or laser diode, Q switched and mode lock Lasers for nanosecond and picosecond pulses (such as Nd Yag/Glass, Ti sapphire with Harmonic generator) in blue from 400 nm to 500 nm to generate second harmonic generation (SHG) in KDP/BBO crystals to produce 200 nm to 250 nm emission, or green laser pointers at about 530 nm to get emitters with harmonic crystals at about 270 nm or LEDS from 230 nm to 300 nm for pumping the samples at 230 nm to 289 nm to pump tryptophan and light scatter of nanometer particles of virus. The ultra high power ns and ps lasers in mJ to J can level can be used to locate Bio virus bacteria clouds in free space to image and destroy and kill virus.

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