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    • 64. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for monitoring and evaluating the density of a
tobacco stream
    • 用于监测和评估烟草流的密度的方法和装置
    • US4785830A
    • 1988-11-22
    • US572563
    • 1984-01-18
    • Henning MollerWerner Hartmann
    • Henning MollerWerner Hartmann
    • A24D3/02A24C5/18A24C5/34A24D3/10G01N23/12A24C5/14
    • A24C5/3412A24C5/1871G01N23/12Y10S131/905Y10S131/906
    • A continuous stream of tobacco shreds is built at the underside of the lower reach of an air-permeable belt conveyor by conveying tobacco shreds in currents of air which impinge upon the lower reach of the conveyor at a variable angle and at a variable speed. The density of various layers of the stream at a plurality of points at different distances from the lower reach of the conveyor is monitored by a device which directs X-rays transversely across the stream and has a uni- or two-dimensional detector with one or more rows of diodes exposed to X-rays which have penetrated through the stream. The signals which are thereby generated by the diodes denote the monitored density at the plurality of points and are scanned, evaluated and processed to actuate one or more servomotors which vary one or more parameters that influence the orientation of shreds in the stream, the density and/or other characteristics of the stream. Such parameters can include the subatmospheric pressure at one side of the lower reach of the conveyor, the direction of flow, speed and/or quantity of air which transports the shreds to the conveyor, the rate of admission of tobacco shreds into the air current or currents, and/or the position of the trimming device which removes the surplus from the stream. The signals can be used to vary the parameters which influence the characteristics of the entire stream and/or to vary one or more parameters which influence the density and/or other characteristics of one or more layers of the stream.
    • 通过在可变角度和可变速度下撞击输送机下端的空气流中输送烟丝,在透气性带式输送机的下方的下侧建立连续的烟丝流。 在距离输送机较低距离的不同距离处的多个点处的流的各个层的密度由横向跨越流引导X射线的装置监测,并且具有一维或二维检测器,其具有一个或 暴露于穿过流的X射线的更多行的二极管。 由二极管产生的信号表示在多个点处的监测密度,并且被扫描,评估和处理以致动一个或多个伺服电动机,其改变一个或多个影响流中碎片的取向的参数,密度和 /或流的其他特征。 这样的参数可以包括在输送机下端到达一侧的低于大气压的压力,流动方向,将碎片输送到输送机的空气的速度和/或数量,烟丝进入气流的速度或 和/或修剪装置的位置,其从流中去除剩余物。 信号可用于改变影响整个流的特性的参数和/或改变影响流的一个或多个层的密度和/或其它特性的一个或多个参数。
    • 68. 发明授权
    • Vacuum switch tube
    • 真空开关管
    • US09123490B2
    • 2015-09-01
    • US13574262
    • 2011-01-07
    • Lydia BaronWerner HartmannAstrid RenzUlf Schümann
    • Lydia BaronWerner HartmannRoman RenzUlf Schümann
    • H01H33/662
    • H01H33/662H01H33/66261H01H2033/66284H01H2033/66292
    • A vacuum switch tube has a housing which has two insulating housing regions arranged and configured symmetrically in respect of a center plane. Each of the two insulating housings contains a plurality of insulating housing parts. Shielding elements extend into the interior of the vacuum switch tube and are arranged between neighboring insulating housing parts and between insulating housing parts and neighboring additional housing parts. The shielding elements have improved dielectric properties and a simultaneously material-saving structure. Accordingly, the geometrical dimensions of the shielding elements are determined in dependence on a connected voltage and possible critical field strength between neighboring shields.
    • 真空开关管具有壳体,其具有相对于中心平面对称地布置和构造的两个绝缘壳体区域。 两个绝缘壳体中的每一个包含多个绝缘壳体部件。 屏蔽元件延伸到真空开关管的内部并且布置在相邻绝缘壳体部分之间以及绝缘壳体部件和相邻附加壳体部件之间。 屏蔽元件具有改善的介电特性和同时节省材料的结构。 因此,屏蔽元件的几何尺寸取决于连接的电压和相邻屏蔽之间的可能的临界场强。